Kaiyuan old city

Kaiyuan old city

Kaiyuan old city is the "old capital of the Three Kingdoms" (the founding capital of Dajin, Dongxia and Dongliao). In the 21st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1388), Kaiyuan Road Administration was moved to Xianping prefecture (now the old city of Kaiyuan in Liaoning Province), and the Yuan Dynasty was changed to the original one, from which the name of "Kaiyuan" came. Kaiyuan old city is one of the earliest ancient cities built in the Ming Dynasty, known as the "ancient city of Northern Liaoning".

Historical evolution

Chongshou temple tower, known as "the northernmost blue brick tower in China", is also located in this old city.

Kaiyuan city was first built in 1393, the 26th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. Its predecessor was Kaiyuan city built in Yuan Dynasty. According to Kangxi's Kaiyuan county annals, in the early Ming Dynasty, brick cities were built to the east of old earth cities. Gate 4: Yanghe in the East, Qingyun in the west, Yingen in the South and Anyuan in the north. The fourth turret is surrounded by bells and drums. At the end of Ming Dynasty, brick city was destroyed by war

Kaiyuan City

Today, the old city street in Kaiyuan city, Liaoning Province, is located on the left bank of the middle reaches of the Liaohe River. It was the Sanwan guard of Ming Dynasty. It was once the governing post of liaohaiwei, Kaiyuan Zhongwei, anlezhou and Zizhou. Nearby, there are six passes, including zhenbeiguan, Xin'an pass, guangshunguan, qingyangguan, qingheguan and shantouguan, and three horse markets, including Liaodong horse market, Nuzhen horse market and Tatar horse market. It is the place of trade between Ming Dynasty and Nuzhen and Mongolia. The fourth year of Tianming (1619) was captured by the later Jin Dynasty and was under the jurisdiction of Xianghuang Banner. After the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, it was under the command of Shengjing general, and belonged to the garrison flag boundary of Kaiyuan city. In the city, there are eight banners Royal department, officers and soldiers housing, warehouse and so on. In addition, there are 1 city guard, 18 defense, assistant leader and Xiaoqi school officers, and 850 leading and first-class soldiers. It has gradually become a place where Manchu and Han people live together.

In 1778, the emperor paid a tour to the East and personally appropriated 110000 taels of silver to rebuild Kaiyuan city. Qianlong 43 years (1778) in the old site to rebuild brick city, completed in 47 years. The height of the wall dropped to two feet four feet and the top width one foot. In the 18th year of the Republic of China, the Kaiyuan county annals recorded: "the new town is still in the system, even if it is only about ten meters around.". It can be seen that the Kaiyuan city rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty is still 12 Li and 20 steps around the city and 13 Li and 20 steps around the moat.

Main attractions

Kaiyuan city yingenmen

This film was taken from 1900 to 1905. In 1900, the Russian army entered Kaiyuan city, and in 1905, the Russian army withdrew from Kaiyuan city.

On the top of the south gate, there were originally inlaid stone slabs, which were written in Manchu and Chinese: "yingenmen".

Now there is a banner over the gate. Although the handwriting is not clear, it is still recognizable in general. It is probably: "Kaiyuan city, the same song of great Russia and Qing Dynasty.".

Kaiyuan City bell and Drum Tower

According to textual research, the earliest bell and Drum Tower was built in the early Ming Dynasty, when the brick city was first built. In the 20th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1484), it collapsed because of the Liaodong earthquake.

In 1782, when the brick city of Kaiyuan was about to be completed, the merchants donated money to rebuild the bell and Drum Tower. This bell and Drum Tower is of wooden structure. Its base is two feet high. The attic has two floors. It has four doors and can lead to four streets. The bronze bell of Chongshou temple is hung on the bell and Drum Tower. At that time, he was in Renzhi county. He once praised in the new bell tower: "the ring windows are arched, and the Star River Falls in front of the eaves, and the drum horn is startled at the bottom of the ground. It's beautiful. It's gorgeous. It's a grand view of prudence. "

Unfortunately, in 1868, the clock tower was destroyed by thunder and fire, and so was the bronze bell. In the eighth year of Tongzhi, the merchants in the city again donated money to rebuild the bell and Drum Tower. The newly built bell and Drum Tower is of brick and wood structure. It is seven feet high and has three floors. A newly cast iron bell is suspended on the top floor. It weighs more than 4000 Jin and has a loud voice. Under the upper eaves of the clock tower in Kaiyuan ancient city, plaques are hung on all sides. The South book "enlightens civilization", the North book "arouses feelings by hearing the sound", the East Book "reminds the people", and the west book "towering clouds". These four inscriptions were written by Zhang Qihuai (1914-1921). At that time, there were watchmen in the Gulou sect. At night, the first watch, ring the bell; the second watch, ring the bell two times, until the fifth. If there is a fire in the city, the four streets in the East, West, North and south shall prevail. According to the regulations of "three in the East, four in the west, five in the South and six in the north", ring the bell. According to textual research, the watchman rang the bell and stopped at the beginning of 1934. The clock tower was destroyed several times in more than 600 years. The last one was man-made demolition. In 1970, the Revolutionary Committee of the old town completely demolished the bell and Drum Tower built in the eighth year of Tongzhi on the ground of obstructing the traffic for war preparedness. The big bell hanging on the tower was also smashed and sold. The existing bell and Drum Tower was rebuilt in July 1991. Its height is only four feet and five feet, which is more than two feet shorter than the bell tower built in the eighth year of Tongzhi.

The existing bell and Drum Tower was rebuilt in July 1991. Its height is only four feet and five feet, which is more than two feet shorter than the bell tower built in the eighth year of Tongzhi.

Chongshou Temple

Located in Chongshou temple, Kaiyuan old city street, 9 kilometers away from Kaiyuan city center. There is a thousand year old pagoda in the temple, which is called Chongshou pagoda. It was built in 1156. It is the bone collection place of xuanhui Hongli master. It is an octagonal thirteen level solid brick Pagoda with dense eaves. The pagoda is 45.82 meters high. It has eight niches, eight Buddha end seats, and a group of flying reliefs on the top of the niches. The lines are smooth and the shape is lifelike. There are copper bells hanging on the wooden eaves of each corner. The pagoda tip is conical and has five copper bells Pearl. There are hundreds of bronze mirrors on each floor of the tower and a bronze drum on the west side. The pagoda is magnificent and heavy in shape. It was listed as one of the eight sceneries of Kaiyuan in the pre Qing Dynasty, which is called "ancient pagoda Chaoxia". Although the pagoda has gone through the vicissitudes of history, except the bronze drum and bronze mirror were plundered during the Japanese puppet period, it is still in good condition. Chongshou Temple Pagoda is an important building reflecting the ancient Nuzhen national culture, which fully demonstrates the excellent creation ability of the ancient working people and the profound and extensive ancient Chinese architecture. Chongshou temple has been rebuilt for several times, and the incense is flourishing year by year. Now it has become a famous temple in northern Liaoning.

Traffic information

Bus No.7, square square of Kaiyuan hall, downstairs of Planning Bureau, diagonally opposite to Jinshan Hotel.

Address: Old Town, Kaiyuan, Tieling City

Longitude: 124.08235

Latitude: 42.599658

Ticket information: no ticket required.

Chinese PinYin : Kai Yuan Lao Cheng