Nanhua Youlu

Nanhua Youlu

Nanhua Youlu Hakka enclosed house is located in Nankou Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province. It was built in 1886. It was completed in 1904. It was built by Pan Xiangchu, a leader of overseas Chinese in Indonesia. It is a large-scale Hakka traditional residential two-story building.

In July 2002, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province.

Nanhua Youlu is 95.5 meters wide and 108.98 meters deep, covering an area of 11220 square meters. The appearance of the house is magnificent, the facade is hard mountain style, and the side facade gable is big Beishui style. Ramming, gray tile surface, civil stone two-layer structure. Sit northwest to Southeast, using the traditional plane layout of central axis symmetry. It is composed of a gate terrace, an outer wall, a main hall, a back yard, a horizontal pillow house and an arc-shaped back garden. Roll shed style gatehouse, door department "Nanhua and Lu.". On the central axis, there are gate terrace, upper hall, middle hall and lower hall, and melon columns of beam lifting and bucket piercing structure. In front of the middle hall, there are rolling shed wooden porch. Behind the hall, there are pillow room, flower bed, wing rooms on both sides of the hall. Flower walls, open corridor, goldfish pool, flower terrace and hexagonal pavilion are introduced into the front and rear courtyards. There are 164 rooms, 46 pillow rooms and dozens of halls, commonly known as "ten halls and nine wells". The screen doors, windows, wood carvings and color paintings of the hall are magnificent and characteristic. It has the value of studying the migration history of Meixian Hakka traditional dwellings and the history of overseas Chinese.

Structural features

When you enter Nankou Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City, you can see Hakka houses with different styles. According to the local town cadres, these are all houses built by overseas Chinese, among which the most popular are houses built by overseas Chinese

Its name is Nanhua Youlu, which is located in the overseas Chinese village. "Nanhua Youlu", also known as "shiting Jiujing", was built in 1904. It is one of the largest Hakka dwellings in Meizhou area and one of the best preserved ancient dwellings in Hakka area. It was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province in 2002.

"Nanhua Youlu" is a typical Hakka enclosed house structure. The house has a magnificent appearance and covers an area of more than 10000 square meters. The house is divided into upper, middle and lower halls. There are eight halls on the second floor and four halls on the left and right sides. There is an orchard on the back of the house. There are 118 rooms in the whole house and dozens of halls, so it is called "ten halls and nine wells (patios)". It is said that it took 18 years to build the house alone. Each hall in the house is not only independent but also connected, which is also known as "house in house". In recent years, because of its unique architectural style and typical Hakka residential characteristics, it has attracted many tourists, as well as experts and scholars at home and abroad.

Environment introduction

Pan's Nanhua Youlu is located in the Qiaocun village, Nankou Town, Meixian District, Meizhou city. It was built by Pan Xiangchu (Yuhui), the 16th patriarch. There is a plaque of "Nanhua Youlu" hanging in the hall, with the title of "30 years of Guangxu", which was completed in 1904. Menlian is "the festival of Nanhua, the article of China", which has its allusion. The pan family originated in the Zhou Dynasty. Ji sunshi, the son of Duke Bi, took the manor in pan, because he thought it was a surname. Mou Pan Yue, who lived in Jinzhong, is an official writer. He is famous for his articles, so he is called "Chinese articles". Pan Mei, a famous general of the Northern Song Dynasty, led the army to the south in the early Song Dynasty, conquered the Southern Han Dynasty, settled the south of the Yangtze River, tired officials, loyal to the military, so he said "Nanhua Festival". Pan Yue and pan an are both the distant ancestors of Pan family, so the pan family in Nankou first had "Nanhua Lu", which still exists today. Pan Xiangchu also loved tradition, so he named his new house "Nanhua Youlu".

Less than an hour's journey from Meizhou to Nankou, Nanhua Youlu is located in the quiet hometown of overseas Chinese in Nankou. Nanhua Youlu was built in front of Nanhua Youlu, so it is called "Youlu". The format of nanhualu is very simple, and it is far from comparable with the style of nanhuayoulu. This is a large Hakka enclosed house. Just looking at the 10000 square meters of land, you can see that it is extraordinary. The central axis of the house is the upper, middle and lower halls. The central hall is dedicated to the throne of the founder of the house, Mr. Pan Xiangchu. There are four halls on each side, which are the apartments arranged by Pan Xiangchu for his eight sons. In fact, each hall is already an independent enclosed house with a large area. It is also built on both sides of the axis. At the back of the enclosure is the pillow room, where all the kitchens are concentrated. There is a turret above the pillow room, which is a fortification. There is also a big orchard in the back. On the left and right sides of the house are the garden and the barn. There are carved beams and painted buildings everywhere in the enclosed house, which are magnificent. Even the foot of the wall is composed of elegant murals with a square meter. There is also a "fish music" (entertainment bar) stage in the house, which is said to be the place to watch the opera and play cards in those years. The whole house is equipped with reasonably distributed "tap water" facilities. The original design is to divert water from the mountain. The water flows from the back room to the interior, and then flows to the collecting channel of the drainage system through various water consumption areas, and then to the main collecting channel in front of the house, and then to the river. The owner said that the water is clear all year round and can be drunk directly. Unfortunately, a reservoir has been built at the source of the water, and the water stored in those facilities is no longer flowing. I was attracted by the wonderful workmanship of this house. All the beautiful murals and carvings I could see were lifelike!

garden

Around the garden beside the house, you can see that the grass is more prosperous than the flowers and trees, but you can still see the style of that year. Whether it is a flower bed or a pool, it is built into a lotus shape, with fish and insect calligraphy and paintings embedded on the wall. At the entrance of the garden is a round high platform for chatting, playing chess and appreciating the moon, surrounded by two rows of flowers. The stone steps on the platform at the back are obliquely encircled, just like a ribbon tied around a girl's waist. When the flowers were blooming and the trees were dancing, what a leisurely and elegant atmosphere it was to go on stage to enjoy tea, shine on the moon, or play chess and talk to each other!

Observation port and shooting port

Apart from the turret, the house is surrounded by observation ports and shooting ports. When you look out from the observation port, you can see the surrounding situation at a glance. However, from the overall appearance of the house, these holes are not easy to find. The host said that these were set up to resist foreign aggression. The master recalled the family history he had heard from his elders and told them. The wood used to build the house was carefully selected and of uniform specifications. It was transported from Nanyang water, while the stone carvings were custom-made in Chaoshan and hired to be picked up. There are also 16 two-story shops on the market, which were originally distributed to eight sons. Now all the income is used as the education fund of Anren primary school built in Yongfa street by Mr. Pan Xiangchu.

It was destroyed during the cultural revolution

Nanhua Youlu is a rare ancient residence integrating military defense, wealth, art, humanities and leisure. Unfortunately, many of the carving and painting facilities in the house were destroyed during the cultural revolution, which is heartbreaking! The host sighed endlessly. The owner said that all the furniture had been removed during the cultural revolution, and those that could not have been removed had been destroyed. At that time, there was a grand chair, which could not be lifted by four big men. They just smashed it in the room. The floating paintings on the door and roof lack eyes and nose, and almost none of them is in good condition. When the big steel-making, all the window branches and iron bars in the house were removed, and the steel-making was gone.

men of talent come out in succession

It is said that pan Xiangchu, the founder of the house at that time, was very poor. He did all kinds of miscellaneous work and small businesses. At the beginning, he sold tofu. At the age of 17, he went to Nanyang for gold. His original match was his daughter-in-law, who was in poor health and could urinate incontinently at night. Mr. Pan was very worried about this. However, when his first son was born, his business became bigger and bigger, and his money flooded in like a flood. As many as he wanted, his house prospered. He married six wives and gave birth to eight sons and four daughters. All his descendants are rich or expensive. To this day, there are still many talented people. First, pan Baisi of Guangzhou first people's hospital is the grandson of Pan Xiangchu. Second, Lin Shusen's wife is pan Xiangchu's great grandson. Third, pan Yugang, the grandson of Pan Xiangchu, is good at chemistry and won the Nobel Prize. His five or six brothers are all doctors I don't think there can be so many coincidences in a family without certain details. This house used to be very prosperous with a large population. At its peak, there were more than 100 people alone. Young women play mahjong all day, sometimes a mahjong can't stop for three days and three nights. It's incredible that a person can go out to earn money and support such a large family!

Pan Yugang, a world-famous quantum chemist, former chairman of the all American Chinese Association and tenured professor of Boston University, is the great grandson of Pan Xiangchu. Pan Yugang, whose ancestral home is Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, moved to Taiwan in the 1940s. In 1972, he established an advanced research method for calculating the Fraunhofer Condon factor, which laid a foundation for a new high-altitude chemical research. He has won the special award for senior scientists in the Federal Republic of Germany, the outstanding achievement award for Chinese in the United States and other major awards.

Pan mengchang said that Pan Yugang was born in Guangzhou in 1936 and lived in "Nanhua Youlu" as a child. "Pan Yugang once lived here," he said. At that time, we will play hide and seek together. When he was 8 years old, he left here to study in Taiwan. "

Centennial

In those days, the money for building a house was shipped from Nanyang to Shantou, and then it was carried to Meizhou. No one knows the exact number. Some say more than 100000 oceans, and others say more than that. It took 18 years to build the house, and it has been more than 20 years since it was decorated. It was only 30 years since Guangxu (1904) that the house was completely completed. In the process of building the house, Mr. Pan Xiangchu came back to see it once. He died outside before the house was built. Mr. Pan once said that his people should be here

Chinese PinYin : Nan Hua You Lu