Former residence of Qiu Fengjia

Former residence of Qiu Fengjia

Qiu Fengjia's former residence, also known as xintaiping cottage, also known as peiyuantang, is located in Anding Village (now Fengjia Village), Wenfu Town, Jiaoling County, Guangdong Province. Qiu Fengjia's former residence was built in the autumn of 1896 when he returned to Jiaoling from Taiwan. It is a typical Hakka enclosed house with two halls, four horizons and one enclosure. It covers an area of more than 3000 square meters and a construction area of more than 1800 square meters. There are 55 houses and two halls in total.

Every hall and room in Qiu Fengjia's former residence has hall names and couplets inscribed by celebrities and calligraphers of the Qing Dynasty, which contains rich national cultural connotation and has historical value and commemorative significance. There are precious cultural relics, photos, manuscripts and documents in the former residence, showing people the life of Qiu Fengjia, a national hero, anti Japanese patriot, patriotic poet and educator.

Qiu Fengjia's former residence was announced by the people's Government of Jiaoling County as the first batch of county-level cultural relics protection units in 1985, listed as provincial-level cultural relics protection units with the approval of the people's Government of Guangdong Province in 1989, named as the first batch of "patriotism education base of Guangdong Province" by the Spiritual Civilization Construction Committee of Guangdong Province and the Publicity Department of the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee in 2000, and approved as the Sixth Batch of national cultural relics protection units by the State Council in May 2006 Key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

At the turn of summer and autumn in 1895, Qiu Fengjia returned to Yinshan village, Wenfu Town, Zhenping county (now Jiaoling County) with his family and subordinates. The ancestral house was dilapidated and unable to live, so Qiu Fengjia had to borrow the houses of the villagers for the time being. Later, Qiu Fengjia led his wife and children to wushigang, Dongshan village, Jiaoling County, to take a temporary rest.

In the autumn of 1896, Qiu Fengjia decided to build a new house in Wenfu Tandi village, which was built in the winter of 1897.

It is also known as "peiyuantang" and "Tandi village" is renamed as "calm village".

During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, after the completion of his former residence, Qiu Fengjia invited his friend Xia Tonghe, the number one scholar, to inscribe the village monument of "calm village" and set it up at the entrance of the village.

In the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Qiu Fengjia erected a Huabiao for his grandfather Qiu Xuexiang. It was carved from granite strips, 2.88 meters high and 90 cm long. On the front of the watch are carved: Qing Guangxu Wuzi imperial examinee, Ji Chou Ke Jinshi, Minister of the Ministry of work, sipingjing hall. On both sides are carved stone inscriptions by Qiu Fengjia, vice president of the Democratic Republic of Taiwan and volunteer army of unifying Taiwan, speaker of Guangdong Advisory Bureau, director of Guangdong Education Department of the Republic of China, and the 21st grandson of the Republic of China. In 1984, shihuabiao was moved to Qiu Fengjia's former residence.

In 1913, the descendants of Qiu Fengjia built a tomb of Qiu Fengjia. The tomb is located in daguji, a village about 5 kilometers away from his former residence. The inscription on the tombstone reads: "Mr. Qiu Canghai's tomb, Sun Li, the eight houses in Guangdong and Taiwan, on the auspicious day of April of the second year of the Republic of China.". The tomb covers an area of 500 square meters, with 4 pieces of "Mr. Canghai's epitaph" inlaid on both sides of the tombstone.

Since 1983, the people's governments of Guangdong Province, Meizhou city and Jiaoling County have allocated funds for the maintenance of Qiu Fengjia's former residence, Qiu Fengjia's tomb and Guiling Academy; newly built Qiu Fengjia Memorial Pavilion, exhibition room, Fengjia middle school, Fengjia primary school, Fengjia Park, Fengjia bridge, Fengjia Avenue, Fengjia audio-visual education building, Fengjia statue, and opened Fengjia road to his former residence, with an investment of nearly 100 million yuan. At the same time, with the approval of the Guangdong Provincial People's government, the name of "anding village" was changed to "Fengjia village".

On December 26th, 1984, Guangdong Province held the 120th anniversary of Qiu Fengjia's birth and the academic seminar of Qiu Fengjia in Jiaoling County. After the meeting, Qiu Fengjia's former residence was officially opened to the public in the form of a celebrity Memorial.

Before 1985, Qiu Fengjia's former residence was managed by his descendants.

On January 27, 1985, Jiaoling County Government established the "Management Committee of Qiu Fengjia's former residence exhibition room" to be responsible for the display of Qiu Fengjia's cultural relics.

In 1994, the people's Government of Guangdong Province issued (Yuefu No. 42) the notice on publishing the protection scope and construction control zone of national and provincial cultural relics protection units in our province, which defined the protection scope and construction control zone of Qiu Fengjia's former residence.

In 2014, Jiaoling County invested more than 20 million yuan in the overall reconstruction of Qiu Fengjia's former residence and Fengjia village, and built the Tongxin Memorial Park.

Architectural features

structure

Qiu Fengjia's former residence is of sand ash tile wood structure. It is a Hakka enclosed house with two halls and four rows facing the West and East, and its central axis is symmetrical. The semicircular enclosed house in the back and the five gatehouses in the front form a closed whole.

Qiu Fengjia's former residence is composed of panchi, Heping, Tangwu, Huatai, Weilong and hengwu. There are three rooms in one entrance. There are Heping and pond at the entrance. In the center of the house, there are two halls in one entrance. The left and right corridors between the lower hall and the upper hall are symmetrical. The beam type wooden beam frame has a small patio in the middle. There are wing rooms arranged in the shape of "one" on both sides and a semicircular enclosure behind. The total width of the house is 48 meters, the total depth is 60.30 meters, there are 55 houses in total, the style is simple and simple.

characteristic

Qiu Fengjia's former residence is a folk residence with strong Hakka characteristics, with two halls, four horizons and one enclosure. The front of the house is a half moon shaped pond, and the back is a half ring-shaped "Dragon House". In geomantic omen, the two and a half months match to form a "round sky", while the horizontal hall becomes a "place". The deep water in the pond belongs to Yin, and the hyperactivity of the body belongs to Yang, one in front and one in back, one in Yin and one in Yang, forming a Tai Chi circle in the front and back space. The whole Weilong house is the overall combination of pond, Heping, tanghengwu and Huatai Weilong. In addition, Weilong belongs to the nearby landscape environment, which is the harmony of yin and Yang, and the heaven is round, reflecting the Hakka people's pursuit of the unity of man and nature, and the unity and harmony between man and nature.

The windows on the side walls of the upper and lower halls are very similar to the word "Tai" or "he". This kind of design is on the top of the ancestral hall, three in the north and three in the south, and the total is just "Liuhe". This is what Qiu Fengjia meant by the great reunion of his motherland.

Another feature of Qiu Fengjia's former residence is couplets. There are hall names and couplets everywhere in Qiu Fengjia's former residence, which are all written by people with lofty ideals.

Cultural relics

Qiu Fengjia's handwriting

The couplet on both sides of the main gate "cultivating the backward, far following the XianFen" is written by Qiu Fengjia himself, which means to cultivate and educate the descendants, and strive to inherit the fine traditions of the ancestors.

There are also two couplets written by Qiu Fengjia in the upper Hall of the house, which not only depicts the beautiful scenery of his hometown, but also expresses the root of his not forgetting Qiu's ancestors. "The terrain is at the intersection of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, with clear mountains and clear waters, and a small gathering around a hundred Li; the clan has a long history since the song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, and moved from the 20th century to the early 20th century." the "re crossing" in Lianzhong reflects Qiu Fengjia's yearning for Taiwan and his desire for reunification.

Other celebrities' handwriting

The three words "peiyuantang" above the main gate are written by Wen Zhonghe, an imperial scholar in the late Qing Dynasty.

Hanging in the inner hall is a plaque of "Jinshi", which was awarded by Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty in 1889 when Qiu Fengjia was a Jinshi in high school.

"Xintaiping thatched cottage" inscribed on the plaque of inner hall was inscribed by Xu Zhenjuan, governor of Guangdong Province in Qing Dynasty.

The North Wing room "lingyunhairilou" is a library, which was inscribed by Wu Daorong, an academician. The door couplet "one room for reading only casts me, ten years for planting trees as Marquis". In the past, Qiu Fengjia and his father brought together the hard work of their two generations. Many of the books they collected were brought back from Taiwan, which had valuable historical value.

The plaque of "niantai jingshe" in the south wing room is written by Li Shibin, the magistrate of Chaozhou. It is Qiu Fengjia's study. Xia Qiyu, a calligrapher, wrote the title and couplet of "a room with beautiful flowers and full moon" and "a pot with white sand spring boiling through the heart, and a pot with yellow ripe fragrance burning through the ears." Shen Shoulian, a military strategist, wrote the title and couplet of "a room listening to the sound of the tide of the sea".

Qianzhai is a reception room named after Qiu Longzhang, the father of Qiu Fengjia. It was inscribed by Qiu Fengjia, a literary friend, and Xia Tonghe, a calligrapher. Zha'an is a reception room named after Qiu Fengjia. Shue E and couplet "Songshou qiansui, Guixin Yishan", "Longwo Nanyang, Malay Xiji" were all written by Xia Tonghe, the number one scholar.

History and culture

Qiu Fengjia, a native of Zhenping county (now Jiaoling County), Guangdong Province, is a national hero, patriotic poet, educator and anti Japanese patriot in the late Qing Dynasty. Born in Taiwan in 1864, he served as commander of the Taiwan Anti Japanese volunteer army in May 1895. After the failure of Anti Japanese War, he settled in Zhenping, Jiaying prefecture (now Jiaoling County, Meizhou City), and advocated new learning in Jiaying, Chaoshan, Guangzhou and other places. Although Qiu Fengjia had only 49 years in his life, he experienced the Sino Japanese War, the reform movement of 1898, the revolution of 1911 and other major historical events, and made outstanding contributions to his hometown and country.

Qiu Fengjia's former residence is also known as "xintaiping thatched cottage". The three characters of "xintaiping" are taken from Huangshan Valley's poem "peace of mind in leisure". It is also modeled on Lu You's three characters of "xintaiping" in his thatched cottage. Wen Zhonghe, the late Qing Dynasty scholar, inscribed the plaque of "Peiyuan hall", so it is also called "Peiyuan hall".

Cultural relic value

Each hall and room of Qiu Fengjia's former residence has hall names and couplets inscribed by celebrities and calligraphers of the Qing Dynasty, displaying the bayonets of Japanese invaders captured by Qiu Fengjia when he was a general of Taiwan's rebel army. It contains rich national cultural connotation and has historical value and commemorative significance. Qiu Fengjia

Chinese PinYin : Qiu Feng Jia Gu Ju