Batatai ancient tombs

Eight tower tombs

synonym

Batatai tomb group generally refers to batatai tomb group

At the foot of Wutai Mountain, on the East Bank of Nanpan River in the upper reaches of the Pearl River, there are eight mounds with different shapes. Located in gentle slope zone, it is composed of 8 adjacent and independent oval soil sealing mounds, with a total area of about 5000 square meters. The excavation of batatai ancient tombs proves that Qujing is one of the cradles of ancient civilization in Yunnan. As early as 2000 years ago, the people here created a splendid culture. People living here have entered the bronze age.

brief introduction

An ancient tomb group is located in Dongjia village, Zhujie Township, 12 kilometers east of Qujing City. It is located on a gentle slope. It is composed of eight adjacent and independent oval mounds with a total area of about 5000 square meters.

From 1977 to 1982, with the cooperation of Qujing cultural administration department, Yunnan Provincial Cultural Relics team carried out seven excavations of No. 1 and No. 2 piles of batatai ancient tombs. After the excavation of pile No.1 and half of pile No.2, hundreds of tombs of various periods have been excavated, including 304 cremation tombs, 220 earth pit tombs and more than 30 sealed earth pile tombs. These tombs were formed much earlier than Zhuge Liang's life, about the spring and Autumn period or earlier.

According to the excavation, there are various types of tombs, which are stacked and infiltrated each other, forming a 7-meter-high cultural accumulation layer from the pre Qin period to the song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, lasting for more than 2000 years.

A large number of Bronze Age artifacts were unearthed from more than 30 earth sealed tombs and earth pit tombs during the spring and autumn and Warring States periods, which is the first discovery in Yunnan bronze archaeology. In addition to the five vertical pit tombs in pile No. 1, the other 500 tombs have been excavated in an area of 700 square meters in pile No. 2. This is only half the area of the bottom of reactor 2. According to archaeologists, the reason for the formation of the stack is that the earliest ancestors were buried here after their death, forming a mound above the ground, which is a sealed mound tomb group; on it, there are also grave groups of earth pits and solid caves; finally, there are many crematories. It can be clearly seen from the stratigraphic section excavated at that time that the steamed bread shaped mounds overlapped each other, and the rectangular earth pit tomb broke the lower mound. Among the excavated tombs, more than 30 belong to the fengtudui of the spring and autumn and Warring States periods, 220 belong to the Warring States and Han Dynasties, and 304 belong to the cremation tombs of the song, yuan and Ming Dynasties.

More than 1000 pieces of cultural relics were unearthed, including weapons, production tools, daily necessities, decorations, musical instruments and coins, including bronze, iron, pottery, jade and stone. The weapons in the utensils are knives, swords, daggers and spears; the cooking and drinking utensils are tripods, cauldrons, pots and bowls; the decorations are bracelets, beads and buttons; and the musical instruments are bronze drums and bells. The variety and quantity of these objects are amazing. In the buckle decoration, there is a double ox relief, which has a high level of craft, showing the superb skills of the ancient working people in eastern Yunnan.

Features of scenic spots

According to the annals of Nanning County in the second year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, "the eighth tower is in the east of the city In the Han Dynasty, marquis Wu of Zhuge built a town to control the local context. " It means that in those days, Zhuge Liang fought south to capture Menghuo seven times in the Nanpan River Valley of Qujing, where he built earth and set up point generals, which looked like tower foundations. There were eight of them, so they were called "eight towers". As a matter of fact, from the historical records 8226; biographies of Southwest Barbarians, it can be seen that "there are Lao Jin and Mi Mo in the northeast of Yunnan, all of them have the same surname." The eight pagodas in Zhujie are the settlements of "Laojin and MIMO" as the branch secretary called them.

traffic

Kunming Qujing intercity railway, about 1.5 hours. You can take bus to Zhujie Township, and walk 1.5 km.

Special reminder

Qujing is a subtropical plateau monsoon climate with various climate types. The average temperature in the hottest July is 19 ℃, and the average temperature in the coldest January is 14 ℃. It is better to travel in spring and autumn. In summer, due to rain, the road condition may be poor, and even debris flow may occur.

Official information of scenic spots

Walking along the source of the Pearl River, you can see towering ancient tombs on both sides of the river. These ancient tombs are either independent of the village road, or gathered in groups in the fields and mountains. There, thousands of years to tell the story of ancient times.

These ancient tombs date from the spring and Autumn period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are bronze age tombs, liangdui tombs from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, and cremation tombs from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. An ancient tomb is a period of history, an ancient tomb is a story, it tells us the rise and fall of the land since the spring and Autumn period.

According to the usual definition, the era of human civilization is marked by the emergence of material cultural elements such as cities, characters, metals and ceremonial buildings. Of course, due to the differences in geographical conditions, economic types, historical development and other aspects, it is difficult to unify the signs of the world's various cultures entering the era of civilization. The emergence of a civilization does not necessarily have to have all the cultural elements that we usually call them. We can only analyze and determine the standard of civilization according to the different conditions of different places.

Yunnan Culture

Yunnan's civilization era undoubtedly began from the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, that is, from the "dian" culture. The first record of Dian culture in historical books is still from Sima Qian's historical records: biographies of Southwest Yi. No matter what attitude this article takes towards Southwest China, the article is so brief. However, so far, we really can not find a second article that can replace it. There is no way. From this article, it can be seen that Sima Qian, a great writer and historian, knew the southwest area well at that time. Ever since Zhang Qian came out of the western regions and contacted Dayue, Daxia, Wusun, etc. according to the instructions of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, he saw the Shu cloth and bamboo stick transported to Daxia from the poison country of Dian, which aroused the rich imagination and great spirit of the emperor of Han Dynasty. Emperor Hanwu sent envoys to the southwest three times to open the Southern Silk Road. In 122 ad, Sima Qian himself came here and "he" sent envoys to the west to march to the south of Bashu Of course, it is not clear whether Sima Qian has ever been to Yunnan, but it is certain that he has been to the southwest or Sichuan. Otherwise, there would not have been a biography of Southwest Yi. In this article, Sima Qian wrote: "in the west, there are more than ten of them, and Yunnan is the largest In this paper, "Qixi" refers to the west of Yelang at that time, which is naturally the state of Dian. The "knot" here is a unique custom, represented by the "Dian people" who settled around Dianchi Lake at that time.

The appearance of bronzes

One of the elements of Yunnan civilization is the appearance of metal, that is, the casting and use of bronze. The appearance of a large number of these bronzes marks the improvement of the productivity of human society and the enhancement of the ability to understand nature. Shortly after the liberation of Yunnan, the 1953 archaeological team first discovered a number of bronzes in Shizhaishan, Jinning, near the Dianchi Lake. In 1955, the first official excavation of the ancient site and Tomb of Shizhaishan was carried out. After five years of hard work, 48 tombs were excavated and more than 4000 bronzes were unearthed. Since then, a large number of ancient tombs of the same cultural type have been found along the Dianchi Lake. There are many bronzes in these ancient tombs, and they have typical "dian" culture unique artifacts and patterns, such as hulusheng, Dian's bronze drum, hoe, axe and so on. Most of the bronzes are rare in other places.

Pearl River Source Region

The source area of the Pearl River is close to the Dianchi Lake area. From the known history, like the Dianchi Lake area, it entered the bronze age as early as the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The batatai ancient tomb group in Dongjia village, Zhujie Township, 15 kilometers northeast of Qujing City is the most powerful proof. This group of ancient tombs is composed of eight adjacent and independent Hill shaped mounds, with a total area of about 5000 square meters. These seemingly ordinary mounds are made of ancient tombs stacked one after another for thousands of years.

Ancient tombs

According to the records of Nanning county annals in the second year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, "the eight pagodas are located in the east of the city, governed by the government, and built by the Marquis Ge and Wu of the Han Dynasty.". This must be a legend. Zhuge Liang, as the representative of the famous people, was here during the southern expedition. He had the saying of "seven capture Meng Huo" in the romance of the Three Kingdoms. The common people always regard it as a God. In this area, even those towering Han Tombs firmly believe that it is the tomb of Kong Ming. Mr. Kong Ming is very lucky. Such a pagoda of mountains and rivers is not related to Mr. Zhuge, and it is clearly written in the local records. In fact, it is not clear whether these eight pagodas existed or not in ancient times. According to local people's legend, these eight ancient tombs were originally the foundations of the eight pagodas.

Even so, because since it has been called the eight pagodas since ancient times, there must be some truth. The folk say that there is no fire without wind.

Legend of eight towers

There are many legends about the eight pagodas. The eight pagodas are close to Dongjia village. They are blocked at the entrance of the village like mountains. It is extremely inconvenient for people to enter and leave the mountain. There is a legend that the ancestors thought of a way to open a way out of the eight mounds. But I didn't succeed many times. The reason is,

Chinese PinYin : Ba Ta Tai Gu Mu Qun