Qinghe Road Department

Qinghe Road Department

Located at No. 3, Xinghua Road, Baoding City, Qinghe Road Department is a well preserved Daotai Yamen in the Qing Dynasty. It is now a key cultural relic protection unit in Hebei Province. The first was the local government administration in Qing Dynasty, later became the warlord Wang Zhanyuan mansion, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, it became the 28 army headquarters of the Kuomintang. The existing building area of 1840 square meters, the building is well preserved, still retains the characteristics of the late Qing Dynasty official house. Qinghe Road is divided into East, middle and West roads. The main axis in the north-south direction is more than 160 meters long.

Qinghe Road

Qinghe Road is divided into patrol roads. It was first set up in 1726 A.D. to manage Baoding, Zhengding and Yizhou, Zhaozhou, Shenzhou, Jizhou and Dingzhou. It is now located in Qinghe Road Department, No. 3, Xinghua Road, Baoding City, and supervises the rivers to the west of yuanjiakou (now 18 Li southeast of Bazhou city) and to the south of Beijing in Zhili. Its full name is "fenxundao Zhili Qinghe River".

history

In the ancient city of Baoding, there is such a Yamen. It is not as dignified as the governor's office of Zhili, nor as famous as the Zhili courtroom, which has tried Liu Qingshan, Zhang Zishan and other major cases. However, when Jiuhe ravaged Zhili Province, the Yamen played the role of "calming the sea". This is the Qinghe Road Department with a history of more than 290 years.

300 miles to the south of Beijing, Baoding is the capital city. There are nine rivers on the ground of Baoding Prefecture, including Juma River, Daqing River, Tang River, Yimuquan River and Fu River. It is a famous place where nine rivers converge in history. In the early Qing Dynasty, Baoding government suffered from heavy rain year after year, "nine rivers overflowed" and "big water burst the dyke", which are often recorded in local chronicles. As an important town in the south of Beijing and an important place in the capital, Baoding's water conservancy construction directly affected the peace of the imperial city and easily threatened the imperial rule. Therefore, during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, many officials were sent to build dikes in North China. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), "after months of rain, the river overflowed, and the four dikes in the East, West, North and South burst like flat land.". Emperor Yongzheng sent his younger brother Prince Yi Yunxiang and his bachelor Zhu Shi to "survey Zhili water conservancy". In February of the next year, water conservancy renovation was carried out vigorously. In order to strengthen the management of water control in North China, Prince Yi proposed to "change the name of Daming Road To Qinghe River and move it to Baoding Prefecture". The main official was Daoyuan, zhengsipin, who was the governor in charge of river affairs between the province and the prefecture. In more than 20 counties around Baoding, the old officials in charge of river affairs were all dispatched by them. Later, with the approval of the Ministry of official affairs, they governed Baoding, Zhengding and Hejian, and Yi, Ji, Zhao, Shen and Ding Zhili prefectures, still in charge of river affairs. Baoding Fuqing river was born.

As a result of the establishment of Qinghe Road Department, the flood in Baoding has been reduced. In Baoding City, "water accounts for four out of ten parts of the city, Yuanjin is gentle, and green is in sight..." More than 100 years ago, Baoding had developed water transportation. Whether it was Zhili governor or Qinghe Daotai, they worked in Tianjin in the summer of the year and returned to Baoding in the winter to do daily business and travel by boat.

Qinghe Dao department is the office of Qinghe Dao Tai, which has rich historical connotation. In the Qing Dynasty, most of the members of Qinghe Dao Tai were honest and did something. According to records, in the whole Qing Dynasty, there were 111 Qinghe Taoists in Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu. Among them, nine were directly promoted to Zhili governor, including Fang Guancheng, Zhou Yuanli, Liu e, Zhou Fu and Yang Shixiang.

During the period of the Republic of China, Qinghe Road Department was once the residence of warlord Wang Zhanyuan. Wang Zhanyuan, who joined the Huai army of Baoding in the late Qing Dynasty and was under the control of the second Beiyang town in the late Qing Dynasty, once guarded Baoding and was governor and governor of Hubei Province in the early Republic of China. At that time, he set up Qianyi flour company and electric light company in Baoding. He became the richest man in Baoding and was known as one of the "three governors of the Yangtze River". Wang Zhanyuan residence is built on the base site of Qinghe Road Department. It covers an area of 1.4 hectares, with a total construction area of 2000 square meters. It is composed of more than 50 bungalows and seven courtyards, adjacent to a small garden. The buildings are built in the form of hard hill with tile roof. Although this complex was once called "Wang Zhanyuan mansion", it is still a typical Daotai office building in China.

Wang Zhanyuan mansion was occupied by the puppet Baoding Municipal government from 1937 to 1937. After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in August 1945, it became the 28th military headquarters of the Kuomintang. After the founding of new China, Hebei supply and marketing cooperatives and Hebei Provincial Archives settled in. It became a folk house in the 1970s.

On June 1, 1984, Baoding Municipal government announced Qinghe Road Department as a key cultural relics protection unit of Baoding city; on July 15, 1993, Qinghe Road Department was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit of Baoding province by the provincial people's government.

Architectural style

The existing Qinghe Road Department was built in the reign of Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty (the date of its construction is unknown), with a construction area of 1840 square meters. Qinghe Road Department is divided into East, middle and West roads, with strict layout. The main axis in the north-south direction is more than 160 meters long, and a gate and four courtyards are connected longitudinally along the line. There are 18 ancient buildings, such as gate, chuihuayi gate yard, hall yard, two hall yard, three Hall yard, East Road East crossing yard, West Road West Flower hall yard, West Flower hall backyard, etc. The layout of the four courtyards on the central axis is regular, with one main room and two chambers, and the main chambers are connected by veranda. The main rooms (North rooms) are five in width and two in depth; the East and West rooms on both sides are three in width and two in depth. Convenient doors are opened on both sides of each courtyard for easy access.

The whole Qinghe Road Department is not only famous for its integrity in China, but also for its exquisite workmanship. First of all, the connection of the seven courtyards is connected by the left, middle and right axes, from the main gate through the North upper room of the second and third floor courtyard through the second gate to the fourth courtyard, which is the central axis. From the left and right side doors of the gate, you can respectively pass through other hospitals, which is the left and right axis. From the gate to the backyard, the rooms of the four courtyards are all veranda type, that is, the rooms are equipped with eaves corridors. In addition, the verandahs along each room are all connected by corridors, so that the connection between each hospital and each room on the main axis can go through the corridor. At the same time, there are side doors leading to the left and right courtyard in the North upper room and the chamber of each courtyard.

Another feature of this group of buildings is the luxurious building standard and superb construction skills. The front and back doors are tall and magnificent. There used to be a pair of powerful blue stone lion guards beside the door. The doors and windows of each courtyard are all woodcarving works. Although they absorb but are not limited to the traditional methods of "ice rhombic pattern" and "step-by-step brocade", the patterns used in the carving of doors and windows of each courtyard have their own keynote, such as "square" in the backyard, "round" in the middle yard, and "square and round matching" in the front yard. This kind of door and window decoration with different shapes and various changes fully shows the wisdom of architectural artists and is a rare architectural treasure. The key parts such as lintel, column base, ridge top and front eaves are mostly carved flowers. In particular, the second door is a vertical flower door with a rolling shed roof. The space of nearly 2 square meters above the lintel is full of red sandalwood carved flowers and birds. It can be described as lifelike, delicate and exquisite. It gives people a solemn, elegant, fresh and chic feeling. The wood decoration of Qinghe Road is exquisitely carved and ingenious in composition, all of which are of flower and grass type, with different colors applied to various styles.

At the same time, the construction technology and material requirements of all the projects of Qinghe Road Department are also quite high. All the buildings are in the peak type, with brick to brick joints and brick wood structure. The interior of the house is not only with wooden ceiling, wooden floor, depth width, clearance height, but also with thick fire wall. There is also a basement in the room. Lilac, hibiscus planted in front of the window, warm in winter and cool in summer, full of bright courtyard. Looking around the whole group of buildings, all of them are attracted by its intricate layout, novel architectural ideas and superb construction skills, as well as the exquisite brick and stone carving, and the doors and windows carved with flowers.

Compared with the governor of Zhili, Daotai was lower, so the Yamen was naturally smaller. Small as it is, it is exquisite. After a hundred years of wind and rain, the courtyard of Qinghe Road Department is still well preserved, especially the carving on the door.

Protection and maintenance

Preserving history

In the southwest corner of Baoding ancient city, to the east of zhunjiang military office and to the north of Xinghua Road, there is a group of Yamen buildings with beautiful shape, unique pattern and full local flavor, which is Qinghe Road Department. In China, there are different groups of Daotai yamen sites in Harbin of Heilongjiang Province, Changchun of Jilin Province, Xuzhou of Jiangsu Province, Langzhong of Sichuan Province, and Qinghe yamen of Baoding city is the only Daotai yamen of Qing Dynasty in China.

Qinghe Road Department is located at No.3, Xinghua West Road, Baoding city. It is a riverway platform yamen set up in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty (1733). At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Ji'nan, with Baoding Prefecture as the center, was flooded for many years. The records of "nine rivers overflowing", "the flood burst the dyke" and "four lush drifted away" were constantly written in the local chronicles, which posed a direct threat to the imperial rule. In the middle period of Kangxi, the imperial court repeatedly sent officials to build embankments in North China, and finally it was peaceful for 20 or 30 years. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), "after months of rain, the river overflowed, and the four dikes in the East, West, North and South burst like flat land.". The imperial court sent Prince Yi Yunxiang (the famous thirteen elder brother) and bachelor Zhu Shi to "survey Zhili water conservancy". In February 1726, the fourth year of Yongzheng reign in Qing Dynasty, water conservancy was built in Zhili. In order to strengthen the management of water control in North China, Yunxiang, Prince Yi, proposed to "change the name of Daming Road To Qinghe River and move it to Baoding Prefecture". The main official was Daoyuan, also known as Daotai. Zhengsipin, the governor in charge of river affairs between the province and the prefectures, was "in charge of the lakes to the west of yuanjiakou and the rivers in the south of Ji" He Tongzhi, tongduan, zhouduan, Xiancheng, Zhubo and other officials heard that they were under the jurisdiction of the government. After the approval of the Ministry of officials, they were under the jurisdiction of Bao

Chinese PinYin : Qing He Dao Shu