Dayun Temple

Dayun Temple

In 601 ad, the 60 year old emperor Yang Jian of Sui Dynasty issued an imperial edict to build 19 relic towers in 30 states to support the relic. The 84000 pagodas built by Asoka were built on the same day. The 19 relic pagodas built in the first year of Renshou, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, were also limited to the afternoon of October 15, when the stone letters were sent at the same time. In the Sui Dynasty, the Dayun temple in Jingchuan was called daxingguo temple in Jingzhou, belonging to the gate of Chang'an. In 690 ad, Empress Wu became emperor. In the age when men were superior to women, Wu Zetian was opposed and obstructed by all sides. Wu Zetian had great respect for Dayun Jing, which was the theme of women's Sutra changing stories. In July of that year, she published it all over the world. In October, he ordered the two capitals (Chang'an and Luoyang) and each prefecture to build a Dayun temple to collect the Dayun Sutra, and sent thousands of monks to explain the Dayun Sutra.

Dayun temple was built in the original site of Daxing temple in Sui Dynasty. The stone box, relic bottle and relic under the original tower foundation were taken out. The craftsman with the highest level of making pocket gold and silver ware in China at that time was invited to select the most precious pearl, jade and gemstone at that time, which condensed the highest wisdom of an era. The gold-plated copper box and gold and silver coffin were made, and the glass bottle was used to hold 14 pieces of Buddha bone relic In 694 A.D., they were buried again in the underground palace and built pagodas for worship, 180 years earlier than the underground palace of Famen Temple in Fufeng, Shaanxi Province.

historical background

Dayun temple is located in Jingchuan County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province, which is the birthplace of Xiwangmu culture and the transportation hub of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia.

In October 601 A.D. 1402 years ago, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian took the king Ashoka, the protector of Dharma in India, as an example to "promote Dharma and protect education". The 84000 pagodas built by Ashoka were built on the same day. On June 13, the first year of Renshou (601), on the 60th birthday of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, he issued an edict to build 30 relic pagodas in 30 prefectures to support Buddha's relic. At noon on October 15, the emperor appointed 30 prefectures to be "Tongxia" (relic into stone letter).

At that time, Jingzhou belonged to the gate of Chang'an and the capital. In October 601 ad, 14 relics were sent to Jingchuan by eminent monks to build an underground palace in Daxing national temple. On September 9, 690, 67 year old Wu Zetian ascended the throne, known as the "holy emperor". In the age when men were superior to women, Wu Zetian was opposed and obstructed by all sides. Wu Zetian had great respect for Dayun Jing, which was based on the story of women's changing classics. In July of the same year, she published it all over the world.

In October 690, Empress Wu ordered the two capitals (Chang'an and Luoyang) and all States to build a Dayun temple to collect Dayun Scripture, and sent thousands of monks to explain Dayun Scripture.

Construction period

Dayun temple was built on the site of Daxing national temple. At the beginning of construction, the relic of Sui Dynasty was found. The empress's decision to build Dayun Temple coincided with the Buddhist relic, which was considered to be an auspicious coincidence. So she asked the master of gold and silver ware making to select precious stones and pearls to make copper, silver and gold coffins. The 14 pieces of Buddhist relic were filled in a sulfur glass bottle with a stone letter. The number of places of the dynasty was clearly engraved.

The 14 sherries are packed in five layers. Zhang Yingwen, a graduate of History Department of Lanzhou University and a member of the county cultural center, wrote an excavation report: there is a door in the underground palace. The arch of the door is a stone semicircle. The front line is carved with auspicious clouds around the treasure, and the two flying in the sky. The door arch is supported on the stone threshold by two quadrangular stone pillars.

The lines on the front and inside of the column are engraved with Dharma God. There is a half meter square stone letter in the underground palace. The cover of the letter is in the shape of a covering bucket, and it is engraved with 16 words: "the total number of letters from the relics of Dayun temple in Jingzhou of the great Zhou Dynasty is 14.". There are inscriptions all around the body. There is a 4-inch square copper box inside the box, which looks like a stone box. There is a lock on the box and the key is tied by a thin gold bar

Layout structure

On the box, it can be opened. Inside the copper box is a rectangular silver coffin, slightly smaller than the box, with a tile shaped cover and a low railing around it. There are a pair of small rings on both sides of the coffin. The surface of the casket and the outer coffin are all plain inscriptions with honeysuckle flowers, while the inner silver coffin is the gold coffin. The appearance of the gold coffin is the same as that of the silver coffin, which is slightly smaller than that of the outer coffin. The whole body of the gold coffin is a lotus pattern pasted with gold pages. The flowers are inlaid with various gems, and the center and sides are inlaid with large white pearls. The gold coffin contains a small spherical glass bottle with a thin neck, which contains 14 white crystals, namely "sarizi".

The gold and silver coffin in Jingchuan is regarded as an important record of National Archaeology in 1964 in the Encyclopedia of china archaeology, and the color layout of tower base is printed. According to the chronicle of 50 years of Gansu Cultural Relics in the book of 50 years of Gansu Cultural Relics work, the relic tower base of Dayun temple in Jingchuan reflects the epoch-making changes in the relic placement system in the Tang Dynasty.

Treasures in the temple

On September 19, 1971, 79 year old Guo Moruo accompanied Cambodian Prime Minister Prince binnu to Lanzhou for a visit. The treasure of the world and the great archaeologist met in Gansu Provincial Museum. Guo identified Jingchuan gold and silver coffin, Buddha relic and other treasures one by one, and instructed: "relic stone letter, precious stone letter" (because the inscription on the stone letter made clear the source and time of this national treasure). Dayun temple in Jingchuan was discovered 23 years earlier than Famen Temple in Fufeng, Shaanxi Province.

On August 28, 2015, in Pingliang City, Gansu Province, the Buddha meat relic unearthed from the Underground Palace site of Dayun temple in Jingchuan County in 1964 was ceremoniously held at Dayun temple in Jingchuan county. At about 8 am that day, on the street of Pingliang City, many monks and Buddhist relics were driving slowly forward. In front of these people, there were many police cars driving along the road, and there were armed special police escorting along the road.

Related allusions

In 601 A.D. (the first year of Renshou), Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty issued an imperial edict to build relic pagodas in 30 prefectures of China. Jingzhou (formerly known as Jingchuan) daxingguo temple was built. Fourteen relic were sent to Jingzhou by eminent monks to build relic tower and underground palace in Daxing national temple.

In 690 ad, Empress Wu became emperor. The imperial edict ordered all prefectures to build Dayun temple and collect Dayun Scripture. Dayun temple in Jingzhou was built in the original site of Daxing temple in Sui Dynasty. The stone box and relic under the original tower foundation were taken out, and the craftsmen with the highest level of gold and silver craft at that time were invited to select the most precious pearls, jade and precious stones at that time to make gilded copper boxes and gold coffins and silver coffins. The relic was filled with 14 pieces of Buddha's bones in glass bottles, and then the stone box was added. In 694, the relic was buried again in the underground palace and the tower was built for worship.

In 1370 (the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), Dayun temple in Jingzhou was destroyed by flood.

In 1964, the Tang tower underground palace and the above national treasures were discovered by the farmers of Shuiquan temple in Chengguan commune of Jingchuan county.

In September 1971, Mr. Guo Moruo personally identified the Buddhist relic, gold coffin and silver coffin of Dayun temple, and was rated as a national treasure.

In 2004, Dayun Temple Buddhist relic set letter participated in the 3rd-8th century Chinese art and Sino foreign cultural exchange exhibition "towards the Tang Dynasty Exhibition" sponsored by the State Administration of cultural relics, and exhibited for half a year in New York Metropolitan Museum and other places.

On October 20, 2004, Gansu Daily published the Journal of Gansu Daily in the special issue of observation chronicle, 5th edition of Gansu Daily

Xu Weicai's long communication "blowing away the dust of years".

From April 26 to June 15, 2005, the mysterious relic was displayed in China for the first time in the exhibition of "Chinese civilization - national treasure of the century exhibition II" at the China Century Monument in Beijing, with a time limit of 30 seconds per person.

On May 1, 2005, the science and education channel of CCTV broadcast the feature film "archives of national treasures · relics of Dayun temple in Jingchuan, Gansu Province".

On June 13 and 14, 2005, the national treasure archives column of CCTV international channel broadcasted the first and second episodes of Dayun Temple Buddhist relic letter.

In April 2007, the construction project of Dayun Temple Museum in Jingchuan was started.

In May 2007, Lu Hao, Secretary of Gansu provincial Party committee and director of the Standing Committee of Gansu Provincial People's Congress, inscribed the name of Dayun Temple Museum in Jingchuan.

In August 2007, the project of the relic tower of Dayun Temple Museum officially started.

In December 2007, the gate of the museum, the bell and Drum Tower and the stele Pavilion were officially started.

Since 2007, more than one thousand media have been competing to report on it, such as Xinhuanet, people's daily, people's daily, guangming.com and Phoenix Satellite TV, which has caused great repercussions at home and abroad.

At 12:10 noon on December 31, 2012, when the road was built in Chengguan Town, a Buddhist statue hoard was found at the Dayun Temple site in Jingchuan. On January 5, Yang HuiFu, director of the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, led Wang Hui, director of the Provincial Institute of cultural relics and archaeology, and archaeological excavation staff to inspect the site. After confirming that the remains is a Buddhist statue hoard, the Provincial Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology immediately decided to carry out rescue excavation. As of January 24, the field cleaning work has been basically completed, with an excavation area of 40 square meters. A Buddhist statue hoard and a suspected underground palace remains have been cleaned up, and more than 240 pieces (groups) of various single statues and statue steles (towers) have been unearthed, mainly including stone statues and a small number of pottery statues, clay statues, scriptures, etc.

Buddhist remains

On January 26, the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics invited Chu Shibin, Zhang Baoxi, Dong Yuxiang, Wei Wenbin and other provincial experts in the field of Buddhist archaeology to form an expert group, which was held by Ma Yuping, deputy director of the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics

Chinese PinYin : Da Yun Si