Mausoleum of the second Emperor

Zhuanxu's Mausoleum

synonym

The mausoleum of the two emperors generally refers to the mausoleum of the Zhuanxu emperor

Located in Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County, Anyang City, Henan Province, the mausoleum of Zhuanxu (K ù) is commonly known as "Er Di Ling" and "Gao Wang Miao" among the "Three Emperors and five emperors" in ancient times. It is the mausoleum of Zhuanxu of Gaoyang family, the second emperor, and Gao Xin family, the third emperor. The mausoleum covers an area of more than 350 mu, 2050 meters long from north to South and 1060 meters wide from east to west. The ancient mausoleum belonged to Puyang, the East County. It was assigned to Hua county in 1167, Gaoling County in 1940 and Neihuang County in 1949.

According to historical records, the two emperors were buried in the "Yang of Mount Yi", which means here. The Fengtu tomb is about 65 meters long from north to south, 54 meters wide from east to west, and 25 meters high at the top. There are brick mausoleum walls about 1 meter high at the bottom of the mausoleum. On the southern mausoleum wall are inlaid with "Zhuanxu mausoleum" and "Diku mausoleum" steles respectively. According to the stone tablet of Yuan Dynasty, the brick wall was built in the second year of Tianli in Yuan Dynasty. On the high terrace before the two emperors' Mausoleum temple, there are still the worship hall and the left and right auxiliary Hall of the mausoleum Temple rebuilt from the Yuan Dynasty to the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty. In recent years, 165 stone tablets of the past dynasties have been cleared before and after the worship hall and the auxiliary hall. It is a relic of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents are mostly the inscriptions sent by the special envoys of the dynasties, the temple records of rebuilding the mausoleum temples, and the poems of the literati. In 2000, it was promoted to a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province, and in 2006, it was rated as a national 3A tourist attraction.

summary

record

According to historical records, "since the second year of Zhenghe reign of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, the mausoleums and ancestral temples of the past dynasties were established, and Gaoyang Zhuanxu and Diku were sacrificed in Chanzhou." the number of Steles in front of the two emperors' mausoleums is rare in other places.

The remains of Yangshao culture and Longshan culture are also found underground, which indicates that there were ancestors living here in the primitive times three or four thousand years ago.

Key cultural relics protection units in Henan Province. The site of the mausoleum is located in sanyangzhuang village, Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County, Anyang City

”It is the mausoleum of Zhuanxu of Gaoyang and Diku of Gaoxin in the "Three Emperors and five emperors" in ancient times. According to historical records, tombs were built in the Han Dynasty, temples were set up in the Tang Dynasty, renovated in the Song Dynasty, renovated in the Jin Dynasty, and repaired many times in the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the past, the buildings were magnificent, simple and elegant, with numerous steles and dense pines and cypresses. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was buried in the yellow sand. In 1986, when the sand was cleared, it came to light again. There were two tombs at the same time. According to archaeology, they were all built in the early Han Dynasty and repaired in the Yuan Dynasty. There are Yuqiao, Yudao, Shinto, Shuijing, Shanmen, lingxingmen, Miaoyuan, Shuidian, Xiangdian and other base sites. Among them, there are 165 sacrificial steles of all dynasties, which are simple and vigorous, recording the history of the imperial mausoleum. Zhuanxu mausoleum has yuan and Qing Dynasty steles, and Diku mausoleum has Ming Dynasty steles. It is rare that tombstones of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were erected in front of the tombs of two ancient emperors.

connotation

The cultural connotation of Zhuanxu's mausoleum is very rich, which has high historical value, scientific value and cultural value. It is a precious material for studying the ancient mausoleum. In the mausoleum area, a large number of clay and red top pottery pieces with sand from Yangshao culture period were found, and relics from Longshan culture period were also found. In the Yangshao cultural site on Xishuipo, Puyang, 25 km away from the mausoleum, a dragon tiger totem with clam shell sculpture was found, which coincides with the age of the legendary "Five Emperors" period. Among the relics in the mausoleum area, 165 steles have been erected since the Yuan Dynasty, which fully proves the Chinese people's respect for Zhuanxu and Diku, and shows that the sacrificial activities have lasted for thousands of years, which is also very rare in ancient Imperial Mausoleums in China. These steles truly record the rise and fall of the history, cultural characteristics and events of each dynasty. They are important materials for studying the official positions, regional customs and administrative evolution of the past dynasties. They are also rare art treasures of calligraphy and stone carving.

Henan Cultural Heritage Day

Zhuan Xu and DIHE were listed as the "Five Emperors". They inherited Yanhuang and later Qiyao and Shun, created and developed the splendid Chinese civilization, reformed and inherited the traditional sacrificial culture, and established and enriched the surname culture. They are recognized as the origin of hundreds of surnames in the research field of Chinese surname root seeking culture. They play an important role in the formation and continuation of the Chinese nation and are respected as the ancestors of Chinese culture. As a representative historical and cultural heritage, Zhuanxu's mausoleum is known as the birthplace of Chinese sacrificial culture and surname culture, as well as the holy land of seeking roots and ancestor worship in China. Now it is the key open scenic spot of "Henan Cultural Heritage Day".

Address: LAN frontline, Neihuang County, Anyang City

Longitude: 114.759626

Latitude: 35.733377

Chinese PinYin : Er Di Ling