Yuwang city site

Yuwang city site

Yuwang city site, namely ancient Anyi, is located in Yuwang village, Miaohou Xinzhuang and Guoli village of Yuwang Township, 7.5km northwest of Xia County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. It is located in Pingchuan of Qinglong River and hilly area of mingtiaogang

It is said that Xiayu once lived here, so it is commonly known as Yuwang city. It is Anyi City, the capital of the state of Wei in the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period (562-339 BC). It is also the administrative center of Hedong County in Qin, Han (206-202 BC) and Jin (266-420 BC), with a total area of 13 square kilometers

.

Yuwangcheng site has four parts: big city, middle city, small city and yuwangtai

The small city is in the center of the big city, yuwangtai is in the southeast corner of the small city, and Zhongcheng is in the southwest of the big city

. The cultural relics of yuwangcheng site include pottery models of tools, hoes, axes and so on, pottery models of cloth with flat head, and pottery pots, pots and irons

. During the Han Dynasty (202-8 B.C., 25-220 B.C.), gu'anyi (Yuwang city site) was one of the political, economic and cultural centers, which had a profound impact on the cultural development of later generations, and was also an important part of the history and culture of China

.

On January 13, 1988, yuwangcheng site was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

.

Historical evolution

During the Warring States period (562-339 BC), the site of Yuwang city was the early capital of the state of Wei

.

In the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC), the yuwangcheng site was the seat of Hedong County in the state of Qin

.

In the Han Dynasty (202-8 B.C., 25-220 B.C.), yuwangcheng was the seat of Anyi County in the Han Dynasty

.

In 428, the first year of Shenyi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the ancient Anyi city was divided into two parts: Nan'an City and Bei'an city. Nan'an City was in the Salt Lake area, and Bei'an city was Yuwang city (Yuwang city site)

.

In the kaihuang period of Sui Dynasty (581-600), Anyi city (Yuwang city site) was abandoned

.

In 1945, the temples at yuwangcheng site were destroyed by war

.

In 1958, archaeologists from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences investigated the Yuwang city site

.

In the 1960s, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and cultural relics archaeologists of Shanxi province carried out drilling and small-scale excavation of the yuwangcheng site

.

From 1974 to 1978, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the cultural relics archaeologists of Shanxi Province excavated the yuwangcheng site

.

In November 1991, the archaeological team of yuwangcheng, which was jointly formed by Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology and Xiaxian County Museum, collected a batch of pottery half Liang coin models in yuwangcun during the investigation and excavation of yuwangcheng site

.

Site features

architectural composition

Yuwangcheng site is divided into four parts: big city, middle city, small city and yuwangtai

The small city is the "city" inside and the big city is the "Guo" outside, which has the characteristics of the "Chengguo system" in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The layout of the city walls in the Yuwang city site belongs to the "inner city and outer city style". That is, there is an inner city inside the square outer wall

.

Dacheng, located in the early Warring States period (562-339 B.C.), spans the loess hills and the plain under mingtiaogang, with a circumference of 15.5km, narrow in the north and wide in the south. The overall shape is slightly trapezoidal. The width of the wall base is 10m-12m except for 22m in the section with 1km in the northwest corner

The north wall and the west wall are well preserved, generally 2 meters high, up to 5 meters high. The south wall and the east wall are poorly preserved. The remains of the south section and southeast corner of the east wall are not obvious. Except for the north wall, the rest of the walls are not a straight line. Outside the north section of the west wall, there seems to be moat traces

The east wall is 1530 meters long, the west wall is about 4980 meters long. It twists and turns with the terrain, and is the most curved of the four walls. The south wall is 3565 meters long, the north wall is 2100 meters long, and there are moats outside

.

Zhongcheng, located in the southwest of Dacheng, is slightly square, with a perimeter of 6500 meters

It covers an area of about 6 square kilometers

The north wall is 1522 meters long and 1-5 meters high, while the east wall is 960 meters long

.

The small town is located in the middle of the big city. The overall shape of the small town is a rectangle with a circumference of 3270 meters and an area of 75.4 square meters

The wall is 5-6 meters wide, and the terrain is 1-4 meters higher than the surrounding ground. The small town is slightly higher, which should be the palace city of Anyi in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, and the big city is Guocheng

.

Yuwangtai, also known as yuwangmiao and Qingtai, is a square rammed earth platform in the southeast corner of the town. It is 11 meters high, 58 meters long from east to west and 70 meters wide from south to north. According to the profile of the ramming platform, the ramming age of the upper part is later than that of the lower part

.

Cultural accumulation

The cultural accumulation layer of Yuwang city is generally 3 meters thick, especially in small cities, which is 5 meters thick

. The yuwangcheng site contains cultural layers from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty and the two Jin Dynasties, with a thickness of 2-3 meters

. The cultural accumulation in Dacheng is about 2 meters thick, and the cultural accumulation in the middle of the north and near Xiaocheng and Zhongcheng is also rich. In the north of the city, there are ash pits and ash layers of the Warring States period (562-339 B.C.), and in the east of Dacheng, because it is located on the river bank, the potential is low and there are few cultural relics. Zhongcheng is full of Han Dynasty cultural layers, and there are rich cultural relics in other areas except the southwest corner, The accumulation thickness is generally about 2 meters, and there are a small number of relics of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; there are relics of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Han Dynasty on the surface of the small town, and the cultural accumulation thickness is about 3 meters

.

Cultural relics

The relics unearthed from the yuwangcheng site include large pots, pots, steamers, small cauldrons, bowls and other container models; spade model, Hua model, Che model, hexagon model, circular model, pattern model, etc. with Yinwen "Dongsan" printed on them; tile is divided into plate tile and tube tile, and most of the tiles are cloud shaped round tiles, in addition to five baht coin, half Liang coin, iron slag and so on

. There are half tile and round tile. The round tile can be divided into two types: cirrus pattern and the characters of "long live". There are twelve character Zhuanwen square bricks with the characters of "all officials in the sea, rich and ripe at the age, and no hungry people in Taoism". Most of the pottery models are relics of the Western Han Dynasty, including ritual pottery models, five baht coin pottery models and four baht half Liang pottery models

. Tiles can be divided into five categories: plain surface, vortex pattern, Kui pattern, characters and cloud pattern. Among them, cloud pattern tiles can be divided into 13 categories and 8 types

.

Research value

Yuwangcheng site is the cultural center from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty (3rd-1st century BC). It was the capital of the state of Wei in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (562-339 BC). Hedong county was set up in the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC). It was located in the Han Dynasty (202-8 BC, 25-220 BC). It was one of the economic and cultural metropolises and had a profound impact on the cultural development of later generations. The Yunwen tile with animal head and twelve character character brick unearthed from yuwangcheng site are unique to the capital site of the same period, which have high cultural relics and artistic value. Yuwangcheng site is an important part of Chinese history and culture

. The tiles unearthed from the yuwangcheng site are of great significance to understand the scale and materials of yuwangcheng in the Eastern Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, to understand the tiles in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and especially to reveal the cultural features of the yuwangcheng site

.

protective measures

On January 13, 1988, yuwangcheng site was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

.

In 2013, yuwangcheng site was listed as a key project of Shanxi Cultural Relics Protection by Shanxi Provincial Bureau of cultural relics

.

History and culture

Xia County and the origin of Anyi

Western Jin Dynasty (3rd century) huangfumi's "imperial century" records: "Yu capital Pingyang, or capital Anyi." Anyi is considered to be the capital of Yu Dynasty. Anyi was the territory of Jin State in the spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), and was granted to the Wei family, a senior official of Jin State. The ancestor of the Wei family, Bi Shishi, presented himself to the Duke of Jin and obtained the territory of Wei Therefore, the descendants took Wei as their surname. Wei Jiang, the descendant of Bi Wan, was in charge of the government during the period of mourning for the Duke of Jin, persuading the Duke of Jin to maintain a peaceful relationship with the Rongdi tribes around the state of Jin, and the state of Jin also benefited from it, which is the "Wei Jiang and Rong" in history. According to the records of the Wei family in historical records, in the 11th year of mourning the Duke (562 BC), it was said: "since I used Wei Jiang, in the eight years, nine princes, Rong, Zhai he, and Zi's power were joined." Give pleasure, give it three times, and then receive it. He moved to the town of peace and order. Justice: Anyi is the old city of Anyi in Xiaxian County, Jiangzhou

.

According to the records of the historian, the Wei family moved from Wei, the place where it was first granted, to the city of public security during the reign of Wei Jiang. In the 15th year of Jinggong (585 BC), the state of Jin had a plan to move its capital to "the land of Jia and Xia families" (in Linyi County, Shanxi Province, and in the west of Xia County). As a result of discussions among the officials, although it was "fertile and close to Jia", it was "the land of Jia and Xia families was thin and shallow, and their evils were easy to be gouged.". If you are easy to get rid of, you will worry about the people, and if you are worried about the people, you will pass. " (Zuo Zhuan, the sixth year of Chenggong). The final decision to move the capital to Xintian (Shanxi Houma)

.

Chinese PinYin : Yu Wang Cheng Yi Zhi