Sanhe Sluice

Sanhe Sluice

Sanhe Sluice is the control gate of Hongze Lake in Huaihe River. It is located near jiangba town in the southeast corner of the downstream of Hongze Lake. The design flow is 12000 cubic meters per second, which is the largest sluice in China. In the flood season of 2010, the sluice was opened to release 35.2 billion cubic meters of water, accounting for 81% of the flood out of Hongze Lake in the same period, which is the largest entrance of Hongze Lake.

Sanhe Sluice Project is an important achievement in harnessing the Huaihe River in China. It is a large-scale project designed and constructed by ourselves in the early days of the people's Republic of China. The construction of the project started on October 1, 1952, and nearly 160000 people were involved in the construction. It was completed in only 10 months.

Up to 2007, more than 10000 billion cubic meters of flood have been discharged, which has made outstanding contributions to ensuring the safety of 30 million mu of farmland and more than 20 million people's lives and property in Lixiahe area. In October 2003, it was approved as a National Water Conservancy Scenic Spot by the Ministry of water resources.

Sanhe shiplock is one of the main channels from Hongze Lake to Gaoyou Lake, Baoying Lake and the Grand Canal. It greatly shortens the navigation distance between Huaihe River and the Grand Canal, and makes great contributions to the flood control security and economic prosperity of Lixia River area.

Engineering background

Sanhe Sluice is the upper end of Huaihe River Channel in the lower reaches of Hongze Lake. Hongze Lake, located in the northwest of Jiangsu Province, is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China and the second largest lake in Jiangsu Province after Taihu Lake. It is a large-scale plain lake reservoir in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River. The water of the lake depends on the east bank dike as a barrier. The bottom elevation of the lake is 4-8 meters higher than the ground of the lower reaches. It is a suspended lake. The levee, which began to be built in the fifth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 200), was basically completed in the sixteenth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1751).

Sanhe is one of the main rivers out of Hongze Lake (Sanhe River, Huaihe River waterway, Subei irrigation canal, Huaishu New River). Sanhe river is a main channel of Huaihe River flowing south into the river, with the maximum discharge of 11100 m3 / S (20 years of the Republic of China). After the completion of Sanhe gate, the actual discharge of Sanhe river is 10 ~ 500 m3 / s, accounting for 60 ~ 70% of the total discharge of Hongze Lake. It can be seen that Sanhekou is the outlet of Hongze Lake (Huaihe River).

In the first year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1851), the Lihe dam of Sanhekou in the southeast corner of the lake was damaged by flood, and the bottom of the dam was washed down into a deep pool. Since then, the flood of Huaihe river went down to Sanhe River from the breach, crossed Gaohu and baohu, and went south into the Yangtze River, forming the Huaihe River channel. In 1921 and 1931, Gaohu and baohu areas were flooded, and Lixiahe area was reduced to a state of glory, resulting in heavy losses of people's lives and property. Therefore, the construction of flood control project in Sanhekou has become a major task for new China. In 1950, when the Huaihe River was renovated, a series of control projects were built in Hongze Lake, one of which was the Sanhe Sluice and the Huaihe River channel.

The main works of Sanhe gate and river channel were completed in 1970. Since then, the situation of long-term flood threat in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River has changed. The irrigation water source of the vast farmland in the eastern plain has been improved correspondingly. The annual output of water from the Subei irrigation canal is 7-14 billion cubic meters, which can irrigate 120 hectares of farmland in Hongze, Huai'an, Funing, Binhai and other cities and counties.

Project overview

Sanhe lock is composed of control lock and ship lock. Located in the southeast of Hongze Lake, near jiangba Town, Hongze District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, it is the entrance of the Huaihe River to discharge flood into the river. It is the largest building in the Hongze Lake control project. The design flow is 12000 cubic meters per second, which is the largest sluice in China.

Control gate

Sanhe Sluice (control sluice) is a reinforced concrete structure with 63 holes. Each hole has a net width of 10 meters, a total width of 697.75 meters, a floor elevation of 7.5 meters (abandoned Yellow River elevation system, the same below), a width of 18 meters, a total of 21 bottom plates, and a net height of 6.2 meters. The gate is a steel structure radial gate. A hydropower station with installed capacity of 200kW and 125KW is set in the empty box on the left and right banks respectively. The highway bridge is erected at the gate pier. According to the standard of grade C-10, it adopts two lanes with a clear width of 7m. The Sanhe Sluice is designed according to the water level of Hongze Lake 16m and checked according to the water level of 17m. The original design discharge is 8000 m / s, and the designed flood discharge capacity of the reinforced Sanhe Sluice is increased to 12000 m / s. The design seismic intensity is 8 degrees, which belongs to large I type sluice.

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navigation lock

Sanhe shiplock, located at the south end of jiangba Town, Hongze County, Jiangsu Province, is a building through the embankment of Hongze Lake and an integral part of Sanhe Sluice water control project. The upper lock head cuts into the Hongze Lake dyke, and the lower reaches connect with the Grand Canal through the three sections of the river channel, Shigang shiplock, Jinbao channel and nanyunxi shiplock. Its main function is navigation, flood control and drought water conveyance.

The net width of the lock gate strengthened in 2007 is 10 meters. The gate chamber is a diffusion structure with an effective length of 100m and a maximum clear width of 16m. The elevation of the bottom sill of the upper gate head is 9.0m, and the elevation of the bottom sill of the lock chamber and the downstream gate is 4.8m. The top elevation of the upper lock head is 17.5m, the top elevation of the lock chamber wall is 16.5m (including 1m high anti wave board), the top height of the lower lock head is 16.5m, the maximum water level difference of the lock is 8m, and the minimum water depth above the sill in the lock chamber is 2.5m.

The lock head is a reinforced concrete empty box structure, the lock chamber wall is a reinforced concrete dock type U-shaped structure, and the upstream and downstream wing walls are mortar block stone gravity retaining walls. The length of upstream pilot road is 300m, and the slope is 1:2.5-1:3; the length of downstream pilot road is 250m, and the slope is 1:2.5-1:3, and the length of South and north bank revetment is 280m. All slope protection is made of grouted block stone and concrete.

The service gate is a herringbone steel gate, the upstream gate top elevation is 17.3m, the gate height is 8.55m, and the gate width is 6.15m; the downstream gate top elevation is 16.0m, the gate height is 11.25m, and the gate width is 6.15m; each gate is equipped with a qt-60kn electric push rod hoist. The type of water delivery is short corridor centralized water delivery. The corridor gate is a plane vertical steel gate, with a width of 2.62 m and a height of 2.25 M. the supporting traveling device is a roller type. Each gate is equipped with a ql-100kn-sd electric and manual screw hoist. There is a reinforced concrete beam bridge at the upper gate head, which is designed by qi-13 and checked by tuo-60. The top elevation of the bridge is 21.5m and the net width is 7.0m.

Construction process

Initial construction

In 1851, after the flood of Huaihe River broke through the Liba, the flood of Hongze Lake was not controlled. Once the flood of Huaihe River occurred, the downstream suffered serious disaster. In 1935, the Huaidao committee started the construction of Sanhe movable dam here. After the rise of the Anti Japanese War, only part of the foundation piles were completed, but it was stopped.

In 1952, the Huaihe River Commission compiled the 1952 outline of the engineering plan, which pointed out: "in order to ensure that the Lixia River area will not be affected by flood disasters, it is necessary to reduce the amount of flood. In addition to the flood storage in the upper and middle reaches of the reservoir, a Sanhe Sluice should be built to give full play to the efficiency of Hongze Lake in water storage, flood control and irrigation, and control the flow into the river.". The Sanhe Sluice Project is designed according to the Huaihe River flood volume of 80 billion cubic meters approved by the Huaihe River Commission and the Ministry of water resources, and the maximum discharge of the Sanhe Sluice is no more than 8000 cubic meters per second when the highest water level of Hongze Lake is 15.32 meters.

Approved by the Ministry of water resources, the project was started on October 1, 1952 and completed on July 25, 1953. In the process of construction, the site is small, the time is tight, the materials and equipment and technical force are very difficult. On the narrow construction site of less than 1.5 square kilometers, 158600 migrant workers were gathered in 12 counties, and more than 2400 technicians were recruited from Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and Hubei provinces, Nanjing and Shanghai, and more than 3690 cadres and some PLA soldiers were transferred. The vast majority of technical personnel are just graduated from some universities and colleges. The 320000 tons of equipment, steel, wood, cement, sand and other materials needed for the construction of the sluice were transported from dozens of cities in nine provinces in China. There are timber and steel from Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, gates and hoists made in Shanghai, machines and steel bars from Tianjin, Jinan and Hankou, as well as cement and a large amount of gravel materials from the province. The advanced experience of not driving foundation piles is adopted in the treatment of sluice foundation, which greatly shortens the construction period. A total of 9.395 million cubic meters of earthwork, 51400 cubic meters of concrete and 78200 cubic meters of masonry were completed, and the state investment was 26.181 million yuan.

In 1954, the Huaihe River was flooded. The highest water level of jiangba dam in Hongze Lake was 15.23 meters, and the maximum discharge of Sanhe Sluice was 10700 cubic meters per second. It exceeded the standard for flood discharge, riprapped the stilling pond for emergency protection, strengthened the barrage, and the stability of the sluice body was close to the safety limit. In 1956, the Huaihe River Basin planning report proposed that the design flood level of Hongze Lake is 16m, the discharge of Sanhe Sluice is 11000 cubic meters per second, and the check flood level of Hongze Lake is 17m. In 1957, approved by the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of water resources, the "planning for the diversion of Huaihe River to Yihe River and comprehensive utilization project" further proposed that when the 300 year flood occurs in Huaihe River, the flood discharged by Sanhe Sluice will reach 11500 cubic meters per second, and the highest water level of Hongze Lake will reach 16 meters

Chinese PinYin : San He Zha