Qin Dongling

Qin Dongling

Located at the West foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong, the eastern Qin mausoleum has three accompanying burial pits, four accompanying burial areas and seven ground buildings. Over the years, a large number of bronze, iron, pottery, tube tile, plate tile, tile and other building materials have been unearthed.

Qindong mausoleum is an important part of the development of Qin mausoleum in the Warring States period. It was discovered in 1986, which provides a rare material for the study of Qinling mausoleum. Qindong mausoleum is located on the hillside of the Western foot of Lishan Mountain, with a total area of about 24 square kilometers, starting from hongqinggou in the South and Wujiagou in the north. According to archaeological investigation, it is the Royal Tomb of Qin state after Bimo cemetery in Xianyang during the Warring States period and before the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang.

Basic information

The eastern Qin mausoleum is another important discovery of the mausoleum of the king of Qin after the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin in Lintong and the mausoleum of the Duke of Qin in Fengxiang. However, due to the fact that the eastern Mausoleum of the Qin Dynasty has only been investigated and drilled but has not yet been excavated, as well as the lack of literature records, there are many opinions on the same topic of the people buried in the mausoleums and tombs, and so far there is no generally accepted view.

Most of the people who come to Lintong to travel and visit ancient China come to Huaqing pool, Qin Emperor's mausoleum, hongmenban and Qin terracotta pits. It's easy to ignore Qin Dongling mausoleum. In fact, there is still a lot of flavor there, which is worth seeing. If you are interested, you can also pay attention to Keng Ru valley along the way. From Huaqing pool gate by car or bicycle, along the westbound highway in the west, pass Xiekou town and turn to the south, up to Hanyu township. Then turn east to Fan Village and enter the mausoleum area. According to the landform of wind pulse, it is close to Lishan Mountain in the East and bashui River in the West. It's no wonder that in the early Qing Dynasty, Kang Naixin, who was "good at ancient mechanics", said in his poem that "Zhaoxiang tombs and white clouds are together, overlooking Changan Wanjing low".

Hanyu township government has a Qindong mausoleum cultural management office, which is specially responsible for the management, protection and development of the mausoleum area. Of course, if there is a way, willing to spend money, it is better to ask people from the County Cultural Management Association to accompany us.

The Zhiyang mausoleum area where Qin Shihuang's parents lived was historically called Qindong mausoleum, which is located in the west of Lintong District of Xi'an city. Archaeological investigations conducted in the 1980s show that the eastern Mausoleum of the Qin Dynasty contains the grandfather, grandmother, father and mother of the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty. Among them, there are 3 Asian shaped tombs and 2 Chinese shaped tombs with the highest level. Over the years, a large number of bronze, iron, pottery, tube tile, plate tile and other building materials have been unearthed.

Discovery process

After the mutiny at the end of the Qin Dynasty, the ground buildings in the eastern Mausoleum of the Qin Dynasty had disappeared for a long time. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was further destruction, since then it seems that even the exact location of the mausoleum is not clear. Dongling Township, which was recorded in Chang'an annals of the Song Dynasty and governed 40 villages, may still be in the mausoleum area. However, it is not clear when Dongling township was first built; anyway, when the county annals were compiled in the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, it had disappeared. Even the former site of Zhiyang county (which was changed to baling County in the Han Dynasty) where Dongling is located, whether it is on the west bank or on the East Bank of bashui, is difficult to determine because of the different opinions of scholars.

The rediscovery of the eastern Qin mausoleum was carried out in 1986 when the County Cultural Management Committee conducted a general survey of cultural relics. In the spring of 1986, Wang Xueliang, a villager of Youwang village, provided a clue that they found rammed earth layer when they were repairing the canal, which is similar to the pit of Qin figurines found in Xiyang village. After the joint exploration by the provincial and county cultural relics and archaeological units, and based on the historical records, it was concluded that this area was indeed the eastern Mausoleum of the Qin Dynasty. In addition, we drilled two parallel sub type tombs in No. 1 cemetery, found out their types and collected a large number of cultural relics. However, experts have different opinions on whether the two tombs are the owners of two kings, or a king and his queen. They have to wait for the official excavation to make a conclusion.

According to historical records, four kings, four queens and a prince were buried in the eastern Mausoleum of Qin Dynasty. Including the mausoleum of the Qin emperor, four have been identified. As for the location of Zhiyang County, after investigation, it can be roughly concluded that it belongs to Hanyu Township in the area of Youwang village, not far from Dongling.

Original name

The name of the eastern Mausoleum of Qin Dynasty first appeared in the biography of Xiao He in the book of Han Dynasty, but it is called "Zhi Yang" in the historical records of Qin and the historical records of Qin Shihuang. This is because it is close to the county seat of Qin Zhiyang, so the name of the mausoleum is derived from the place name. The eastern Mausoleum of Qin Dynasty is located at the West foot of Lishan Mountain and the East Bank of Bahe River. Four mausoleums have been found in this site. So far, the drilling data of No.1, No.2 and No.4 mausoleums have been published. However, no formal report has been published on No.3 mausoleum, which has been mentioned in relevant articles and special books.

In the spring of 1986, Wang Xueliang, a villager of Youwang village in Hanyu, Lintong, reported to the then (Lintong) County Cultural Management Committee that two rammed earth canals were found when people were repairing the water canal in the north of Fanjia village. Ma Bingqi, a member of the County Council for cultural administration, conducted an on-site investigation with Wang Xueliang. When he came back, he reported to Cheng Xuehua, the county leader and the director of the Qinling work station of the Provincial Institute of archaeology. After on-the-spot investigation again, the county cultural administration and the Provincial Institute of archaeology formed an investigation team to carry out exploration.

In one month, it was found that two rammed earth Daozi were two "Ya" shaped tombs. The tomb is east-west and the main road is in the East. At the same time, it is found that a complete cemetery is composed of two large tombs as the center, natural trenches and artificial trenches as barriers. The cemetery is 1800 meters wide from north to South and 4000 meters long from east to west, with a total area of 720000 square meters. In the cemetery, there are six meters deep and about 10 meters wide at the top. There are also two burial sites, three burial pits and four architectural sites. On the basis of basic investigation of No.1 cemetery, a seminar was held in Lintong on July 14, 1986. After the analysis of the investigation data, combined with the on-site inspection and the records of ancient books and records, the experts agreed that hanyu ancient tomb was "Qindong mausoleum", so the name of Qindong mausoleum was officially called out.

Structural layout

The mausoleums of the state of Qin, like the capital cities, were built from west to East. The capital city is from Yong, while Liyang is from Xianyang; the mausoleum is from santian temple, while Zhiyang is from Liyi. The tombs in the south of Yong are located in the west of Xianyang, so they are called Xiling; Zhiyang and Liyi are located in the east of Xianyang, so they are called Dongling. Not only the capital and Mausoleum of Qin Dynasty are from west to East, but also all the mausoleums are from west to East. It has been a long time since Qin people sent letters to the Central Plains. What a pioneering spirit! However, who would have thought that the emperor of Qin, who had six kings and four seas, should be beheaded by the second emperor?

There are three "Ya" shaped tombs, two "Zhong" shaped tombs, three "a" shaped tombs, three accompanying pits, four accompanying burial areas and seven ground buildings. A large number of bronze, iron, pottery and building materials such as tube tiles, plate tiles and tiles have been unearthed over the years.

Exploration discovery

The mausoleum covers an area of 27 square kilometers. After half a year of exploration and investigation, No. 2 mausoleum and No. 3 mausoleum were successively discovered. No. 2 cemetery is 500 meters long from east to west and 300 meters wide from north to south. There are also natural ditches and artificially repaired natural ditches, which form a complete defense facility. In the park, a large tomb with the shape of "Zhong" and two tombs with the shape of "Jia" (two tombs with the shape of "Jia") were found, including two burial areas, one burial pit and one ground building site. No. 3 cemetery is 282 meters long from east to west and 183 meters wide from north to south. It consists of two natural trenches and an artificial trench, forming a rectangular defense facility. The man-made trench is 6 meters wide at the top and 3 meters wide at the bottom. In the cemetery, there is a large tomb with the shape of "Zhong" and two ground construction sites. The two burial sites were outside the cemetery, and no burial pits were found.

During the cultural relics survey in 1988, a section of huatudaozi more than 30 meters long was found in Majie village, 2 kilometers away from the south of No. 1 cemetery. After exploration and investigation, it was found to be a "Ya" shaped tomb. Taking the tomb as the center, a complete cemetery is formed, which is 500 meters long from east to west and 300 meters long from north to south. In addition to the Yazi tomb, there is one accompanying tomb area and two ground building sites in the park, and no accompanying pit is found. Outside the cemetery, there are two large tombs with A-shape.

According to reports, the total area of the four cemeteries has reached 27.5 square kilometers, with a total of three "Ya" shaped tombs. The "Ya" shaped tombs M1 and M2 in the No.1 cemetery are 220 meters long from east to west, 128 meters wide from north to South and 137 meters wide from north to south, and the earth sealing height is only 4 meters. The "Ya" shaped tomb in No. 4 cemetery is 278 meters long from east to west and 181 meters wide from north to south. There is no tomb accumulation. Moreover, in the middle of the tomb, the length of the tomb is slightly concave from east to west. It is now a main road, which may be caused by mountain torrents.

Mausoleum No.1

The No.1 cemetery is built on the hillside, with high terrain in the East and low terrain in the West. The cemetery extends to xiaoyugou in the south, nameless ditch in the south of wujiapo village in the north, xiaoyuhe River in the west of Dongbei village in the west, and artificial trench in fanjiazhuang village in the East. It is 1800 meters wide from north to South and 4000 meters long from east to west, with a total area of 720000 square meters. In the mausoleum, two large Asian shaped tombs (M1 and M2), two accompanying burial pits, two accompanying burial areas and four ground building sites were drilled. The main tomb in the cemetery is a sub shaped tomb with the same size and the main passage to the East. The two funerary pits are respectively located in the South East of M1 and M2 East Tomb road. After drilling, horse bones, wood tracks, lacquer leather, bone ornaments, etc. are found in the funerary pits, which are considered as chariot pits. The two burial sites are located in the southeast and southwest of M2.

In 2010, the "Ya" shaped Tomb of No.1 cemetery was stolen. According to the video and the description of the comrades who entered the tomb, the tomb did not collapse and the area was long from east to west

Chinese PinYin : Qin Dong Ling