Longshan

Longshan County

synonym

Longshan (Longshan County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province) generally refers to Longshan County

Longshan County, belonging to the Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Western Hunan, is located in the northern border of Western Hunan, in the hinterland of Wuling mountains, connecting Jingchu and connecting Bashu, historically known as the "Confucius of Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan". The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, steep in the East and gentle in the West. The mountains rise and fall in the territory, and Youshui, Lishui and their tributaries crisscross it. The region belongs to subtropical continental humid monsoon climate zone with four distinct seasons. In 2013, Longshan County has a total area of 3131 square kilometers, which governs 34 towns (streets) and 462 villages (communities), with a total population of 590000. The population of Tujia, Miao and other 16 ethnic minorities accounts for 71% of the total population.

In 2015, Longshan County governed 5 townships, 12 towns and 4 streets.

Longshan has natural landscapes such as Wulongshan Grand Canyon, Luota stone forest and Taipingshan forest park. Coal, quartz sand, purple pottery, shale gas and other mineral reserves are huge, water conservancy, forest, Chinese medicine resources are rich. Longshan is one of the birthplaces of Tujia nationality. Six items including Tujia brocade skills and hand waving dance have been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list. The excavation of more than 37000 Qin Bamboo Slips in Liye has been called "the most important archaeological discovery since the 21st century" by experts, the ancient city site of Liye has been rated as "national key cultural relics protection unit", and Liye town has been awarded the title of "China's famous historical and cultural town".

Longshan County has been awarded national honorary titles such as "hometown of black gold forest", "hometown of golden tung tree", "national harvest award of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery", "national advanced collective of national unity".

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce.

On February 29, 2020, the people's Government of Hunan Province agreed to withdraw Longshan County from poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

Longshan has a long and splendid history. As far back as Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Longshan was Jingzhou.

The county was founded in 1729, the seventh year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty. Because it is the place of "Chen banner", Chen belongs to the dragon, which is a symbol of auspiciousness. In addition to the ups and downs in the territory, it is named Longshan County.

Jingzhou was in Yuxia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Chu in spring and autumn and Warring States, and from Qin and Han Dynasties to Tang Dynasty. It belongs to Qianzhong, Wuling, Yuanling and other prefectures. It was ruled by Tusi in the Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. In 1729 (the seventh year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty), Longshan County was established as Yongshun Prefecture.

In 1937 (26 years of the Republic of China), Hunan Province is the fourth administrative supervision area. In 1940 (29 years of the Republic of China), it was the eighth administrative supervision district of Hunan Province. In 1949 (38 years of the Republic of China), it belongs to Yongshun special district of Xiangxi administrative region of Hunan Province.

At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, it belonged to the Yongshun Office of Xiangxi administrative office, and later to the Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi.

administrative division

In 2000, Longshan County had jurisdiction over 10 towns and 37 townships: Min'an Town, Shiyang Town, ciyantang Town, hongyanxi Town, washihe Town, Longtou Town, miaoertan Town, Liye Town, Zhaoshi Town, Guitang Town, Huatang Town, Sanyuan Town, Shipai town, Tongche Town, xinglongjie Town, Xiluo Town, Xincheng town, Baiyang Town, Wantang Town, SHUITIANBA Town, Daan Town, Wuya Town, Mengbi Town, Bixi town Tani Township, nongche Township, Xihu Township, Maoping Township, shuishaping Township, Tasha Township, danfang Township, Pojiao Township, Fengxi Township, Mengxi Township, Luota Township, Ganxi Township, Bamian Township, Changtan Township, Jiashi Township, Yanchong Township, neixi Township, Wafang Township, liaoye Township, Huoyan Township, laoxing Township, zanguo Township and Jiaba township.

As of December 31, 2005, Longshan County has jurisdiction over 3 streets, 11 towns and 20 townships.

In 2015, according to the township division adjustment plan of Longshan County, 13 townships were reduced in Longshan County. Now, it has 12 towns, including Xiluo, Shipai, ciyantang, SHUITIANBA, hongyanxi, agricultural vehicle, washihe, miaoertan, danfang, Liye, Zhaoshi and Guitang, 5 townships, including Daan, Maoping, Luota, zanguo and neixi, and 4 streets, including Min'an, Huatang, Xinglong and Shiliao, with a total area of 3131 square kilometers With a total population of 594400, the name of Min'an street, where the county people's government is stationed, remains unchanged.

geographical environment

Location context

Longshan County is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, bordering Youyang County and Xiushan County of Chongqing in the west, Laifeng County and Xuanen County of Hubei Province in the north, Sangzhi County and Yongshun County in the province in the East, and Baojing County across Youshui River in the south. It lies between 109 ° 13 ′～ 109 ° 46 ′ 8 ″ E and 28 ° 46 ′ 7 ″～ 29 ° 38 ′ 4 ″ n. The total land area is 313000 hectares, accounting for 20.2% of the total area of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture.

On March 6, 2019, the Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of culture and tourism, and the State Administration of cultural relics confirmed the list of the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics. Longshan County is the western part of Hunan and Hubei, and the Sichuan Guizhou part of Hunan and Hubei.

geological structure

The geological structure of Longshan County is complex, which is composed of sedimentary rocks of different geological ages. From old to new, there are Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian and Permian in Paleozoic, Triassic and Cretaceous in Mesozoic, tertiary and Quaternary in Cenozoic. Therefore, there are 7 kinds of parent materials, including limestone, slate shale, sandstone, dolomite, purple sand shale, quaternary laterite and river alluvium.

Topography

Longshan County is located at the junction of the northeast side of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and the southwest end of Western Hubei mountain. Wuling mountain range passes through the whole area obliquely from northeast to southwest. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. It is the eastern edge of the second step of China's gradual decline from west to East. The county is a strong erosion (dissolution) mountainous area, with undulating mountains, overlapping mountains, crisscross valleys, steep slopes, deep valleys, broken mountains and scattered cultivated land. There are 192 mountaintops with an altitude of 1000-1200 meters, and 353 mountaintops with an altitude of more than 1200 meters. The main mountains are Hongqi boundary in the north, liaoyekelipo in the west, Mengbi boundary in the northeast, Yonglong boundary and Zengjia boundary in the East, Luota boundary in the middle and Bamianshan mountain in the southwest. They extend from the northeast to the south in the form of East, middle, West and North mountains, forming a "Wu" shaped geomorphic framework with high in the north, low in the south, steep in the East, gentle in the West and opening to the south.

The geomorphology of the county is obviously controlled by the geological structure. Due to the influence of Caledonian, Hercynian, Yanshan and Himalayan Crustal Movements and long-term invasion (dissolution) and other external factors, the geomorphology has the characteristics of alternate ridge and valley, wide height difference, deep cutting, wavy undulation, multi-level, ladder, chain and continuity. Daling mountain, the highest peak in the red flag boundary, is 1736.5 meters above sea level, while Longtou river beach, the lowest, is 218.2 meters above sea level. The relative elevation difference is 1518.3 meters, the slope is 2.3 ‰, the maximum cutting depth is 1136 meters, and the maximum cutting density is 4.7 km / km2. The formation is mainly mountainous, with hills, hills, plains and water surface and other geomorphic types, and most townships and villages have a variety of geomorphic types. The combination ratio of mountain, hill, hill, plain and water surface is 82:10:4:3:1.

Limestone (including dolomite) is widely distributed in the county, covering an area of 1616.94 square kilometers, accounting for 52.1% of the total area of Longshan County. Due to the long-term erosion and dissolution, the erosion denudation surfaces and depressions of different sizes have been formed, as well as many karst caves, funnels, sinkholes, stone buds, underground rivers and other landforms; due to the geological structure and the topography of high in the north and low in the south, the surface streams are deeply cut, and the water systems are distributed in dendritic and grid forms.

soil

There are 9 soil types, 19 sub types, 67 soil genera, 155 soil species and 33 varieties in Longshan County.

48.9% of the soil in the county is derived from the weathering of parent materials rich in mineral nutrients, such as slate shale, river alluvium (including ancient river and modern river alluvium), purple sand shale, etc. in addition, the county is located in the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, coupled with the special temperature and humidity effect of small area climate, with mild climate, abundant rainfall, rainy and hot season, and vigorous vegetation growth, which is conducive to organic matter The accumulation of organic matter, even the weathered soil of limestone parent material, was once densely planted in history. Therefore, the original quality of natural soil in the county is higher, which leads to the same trend of cultivated soil.

According to the results of the second Soil Census in Longshan County, 94% of the soil is rich in alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, and only 6% of the soil is deficient; 50% of the soil is rich in potassium, 41% of the soil is medium, and only 6% of the soil is deficient; 64% of the soil is rich in organic matter, and 0.1% of the soil is total nitrogen 2%.

climate

Longshan County is a subtropical continental humid monsoon climate zone. There are four distinct seasons throughout the year. The summer half year is affected by the summer monsoon, with abundant precipitation and warm and humid climate. The winter half year is controlled by the winter monsoon, with lower temperature, less precipitation and colder climate. Under the influence of complex mountains, the diversity climate of mountain vertical zone and horizontal direction is formed. Compared with the same latitude areas in the province, it has the characteristics of less total amount of light and heat, warm in winter and cool in summer, light and heat are basically in the same season, abundant precipitation, uneven distribution of time and space, diverse climate types, obvious three-dimensional characteristics, and more meteorological disasters.

According to the data comparison of meteorological stations in Hunan Province, the annual average temperature in the county (taking the county as an example) is 15

Chinese PinYin : Long Shan