Heiquan Reservoir

Heiquan Reservoir

Heiquan reservoir, located in Baoku Township, Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, next to national highway 227, is 37 km away from Qiaotou town, Datong County, and 75 km away from Xining City, with a total capacity of 182 million cubic meters and a total investment of 776.25 million yuan. It is an important part of the "water diversion from Datong to Huanghe" project in Qinghai Province, and plays an important role in ensuring the industrial, agricultural and ecological water use in Xining and its surrounding areas .

Design scale

The Heiquan reservoir project was officially started on September 12, 1996. In August 1999, the Ministry of Water Resources approved the soil and water conservation plan of the project. Combining with the actual situation of the project, the water and soil conservation design has been carried out by the construction administration bureau of Qinghai Province Water Diversion Project from Datong to Huanghe River according to the requirements of the official reply. The construction site renovation, river training, exposed surface hardening, slope cutting, slope protection, drainage ditch, temporary slag retaining works, surface renovation and vegetation restoration measures in the operation and management area have been implemented. 135500 cubic meters of earth rock excavation and filling and 4295 cubic meters of masonry have been completed Square meters, 2254 cubic meters of dry masonry, 4858 cubic meters of soil cover, 27900 square meters of land leveling, 20300 cubic meters of concrete spraying, 4288 drainage pipes and 6.44 hectares of plant measures. The degree of soil and water loss control in the project area is 96.8%, the control ratio of soil loss is less than 1.0, the rate of slag retention is 91.5%, the rate of disturbed land control is 96.5%, the vegetation recovery coefficient is 54.2%, and the vegetation coverage rate of forest and grass is 23.6%.

By the end of the 11th five year plan, the urban water supply capacity of Heiquan reservoir, the seventh water source, will reach 300000 tons per day, accounting for 60% of the total water supply in Xining city.

engineering structure

Heiquan reservoir project is composed of barrage, diversion tunnel, spillway and power plant. It is a large-scale water conservancy project with urban and agricultural irrigation water supply, flood control and power generation. Reinforced concrete face rockfill dam. The maximum dam height is 123.5m, the drainage area above the dam site is 1044km2, the average annual flow at the dam site is 10.1m3/s, and the average annual runoff is 320 million m3. The reservoir is at normal water level of 2887.25m, backwater length of 7.5km, water surface area of 5.26km2, storage capacity of 172 million cubic meters and dead storage capacity of 17 million cubic meters. The design flood standard is once in 500 years, and the extraordinary flood standard is once in 5000 years. Considering that the dam failure will cause major disasters to the downstream and Xining, the dam protection check is carried out by the once-in-a-million-year flood, and the earthquake prevention intensity is 8 degrees. The river valley at the dam site is U-shaped, with the bottom width of 240-250m. On both sides of the bank, there are asymmetric class I terraces, and class II terraces are developed in long strips on the right bank. The dam foundation is 24 ~ 29m thick alluvial sand gravel. The bedrock is mainly composed of Lower Proterozoic greisen schist and migmatized eyeball gneiss. There is no active fault in the dam site, which is a relatively stable structure area.

The annual maximum peak discharge at the dam site mostly occurs in July and August, and the flood process is generally about one day. The measured maximum peak discharge is 335 m3 / s. The vegetation above the dam site of Heiquan reservoir is good, the water and soil loss is slight, the river water is clear and bottomed out at ordinary times, and there is less sediment content in flood period. The river section where the dam site is located has fast flow, large bed material particles, and the particle size is less than or equal to 0.5m The bed material only accounts for about 5%.

The reservoir complex is mainly composed of concrete face rockfill dam (gravel) dam, right bank open spillway, diversion tunnel, left bank irrigation tunnel, hydropower station and other buildings.

After the reinforced concrete face slab of the dam, cushion layer, transition layer, chimney type drainage body, main gravel rockfill area and downstream ballast rockfill area are set. The dam crest elevation is 2894.5m, the maximum dam height is 123.5m, the dam crest length is 438M, the upstream slope is 1:1.55, the downstream is provided with three-stage 3M wide berm, the first stage is 1:1.5, and the rest is 1:1.4. The volume of dam body is 5.44 million cubic meters.

The spillway is arranged on the right dam abutment, and the local excavation method is adopted. The width of the control section is 15m.

The diversion tunnel has a total length of 553m and a longitudinal slope of 1 / 70. It is a city gate tunnel with a bottom width of 6m and a side height of 5.5m. The inlet section of the drainage tunnel is a pressure tunnel with a diameter of 4.5m. The main tunnel for irrigation and power generation is 237.6m in length and 4m in diameter, and the branch tunnel for power generation is 2.5m in diameter and 139.1m in length. The diameter and length of the penstock part (trench buried) are 2.5m and 80m respectively.

The powerhouse is located on the first terrace on the left bank of the downstream. It is equipped with three 4000kW Francis vertical shaft hydro generators. The main and auxiliary long rooms are 48.66m long and 22.61m wide.

The main works include 868200 cubic meters of open cut stonework, 64500 cubic meters of open cut stonework and 5.44 million cubic meters of filling, including 4.21 million cubic meters of gravel filling, 26700 cubic meters of curtain grouting and 9500 cubic meters of consolidation grouting.

Nearby attractions

The scenery around the reservoir is pleasant, with mysterious setting sun and natural water erosion Maitreya Buddha. It is one of the scenic spots in the north line of Qinghai tourism. Crossing Daban mountain is Menyuan County with a hundred Li sea of flowers.

Water splashing Buddha: beside the highway on the east side of the Heiquan reservoir dam, there is a huge cliff with its wings protruding. It is said that on the smooth cliff, there is a statue of Buddha sitting in the lotus with smiling legs. Its face is peaceful, kind and lifelike. However, this Buddha does not appear in general. It only appears when the faithful men and women or tourists pour clean spring water on it after they clean their hands and burn incense. The grain of the nongguan is absolutely clear, and the lotus throne is clearly visible. Therefore, people call it "water splashing Buddha".

Hot springs - at the foot of the majestic crescent mountain in the upper reaches of the Baoku River, there are five hot springs. The temperature is maintained at about 48 ℃ all the year round. The water is clear, transparent, sweet and delicious. It can be drunk directly. It is said that it can also be used to treat a variety of diseases.

Huaping mountain - the main peak of Huaping mountain is in Wujianfang village, Baoku township. It reaches Chengguan in the South and Ganliang in the north. The mountains are winding. At the turn of spring and summer, the sound of birds and the fragrance of flowers make a natural picture. One of the eight ancient scenic spots in Datong City, Huaping Qiujing, refers to this mountain. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Liao XISU once wrote a poem praising it for "the painting of the mountains is open, the six tunes are cut flat, and the west wind brings autumn to us.". The path of the red mountain is dawn, and the frost leaves are piled up. This place is separated from dust, and there is no raspberry moss. Tianfeng reflection into the building, a floating light are swept, Xiaosheng Penglai

Buddha Valley "immortal frame" -- although the Buddha Valley in Baoku Gorge Scenic Area is not deep, the mountain is steep, and the jungle with various trees is slightly sparse. It seems that the abrupt and cold rocks really occupy here. Among these rocks, the most famous one is the immortal shelf on the top of the mountain, which is half of the cliff and half of the cliff is thrown forward. It is said that in ancient times, an immortal wanted to build a bridge to connect the western and northern mountains for cultivation. But God did not allow, because there is no shortcut to real cultivation, and the bridge is speculation. Therefore, the stone bridge was not built, but it left behind the "immortal frame", which made later generations have many associations.

Dabanshan tunnel is also in this scenic spot. So far, it is the first tunnel with the highest altitude in Asia, the second in the world, and the first one with the wind insulation door at the entrance, adopting and implementing the advanced anti freezing and anti leakage measures at home and abroad. With a total length of 1530 meters, a clear width of 8.5 meters and a clear height of 4 meters, the tunnel has shortened the mountain climbing mileage by 5.2 kilometers. Its completion and opening to traffic has made "the gate of hell, which is full of difficulties, can't match the snowy Osaka" a historical relic.

Address: Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Xining City

Longitude: 101.497185

Latitude: 37.234791

Ticket information: no ticket required.

Chinese PinYin : Hei Quan Shui Ku