Jiangyin Confucian Temple

Confucious'Temple

synonym

Jiangyin Confucian temple generally refers to Confucian Temple (Jiangyin Confucian temple, Jiangsu Province)

The Confucian temple was first built in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty during the reign of Qianxing and Tiansheng (1022-1032). After the Wanli year of the Ming Dynasty, the Confucian temple was higher than that of Jiangsu Province. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, zuomiao and Youxue, with a Zhouyuan area of nearly 2000 meters and an area of 378 mu, were one of the few Confucian holy places in the south of the Yangtze River. As a result of the war, the Confucian temple thrived. The existing buildings are from the sixth year of Tongzhi to the fifth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, which cost 46670 liang of silver. Except Zunjing Pavilion, they were all restored as they were. In order to protect the excellent cultural heritage of the motherland and carry forward the Chinese traditional spirit, Jiangyin Municipal People's government allocated more than 5 million yuan for the comprehensive restoration of the Confucian temple in 1995. In October of the next year, Jiangyin Confucian temple, which was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province, opened to the public with a new look.

Jiangyin Confucian temple, as a base of patriotic education, is open to the public free of charge all the year round. On average, it receives more than 100000 visitors every year. It also uses the East and West chambers to hold various exhibitions all the year round, and uses platforms, corridors, and Minglun hall to carry out various public welfare cultural activities.

The Confucian temple holds Spring Festival garden party, writing ceremony and Jiangyin folk custom festival every year, which is very popular with the public.

geographical position

Jiangyin Confucian temple, located in the north of Renmin Middle Road, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, is the largest ancient architectural complex in Jiangyin City.

Historical evolution

The Confucian temple was first built in the Qianxing and Tiansheng years (1022-1023) in the early Northern Song Dynasty. After 50 times of expansion in yuan, Ming, Qing and early Republic of China, it became the largest Confucian temple in southern Jiangsu.

It has a history of nearly a thousand years.

According to Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician and litterateur in the Northern Song Dynasty, a memorial tablet of Jingyou's rebuilding the temple of King Wenxuan, a Confucian temple was built outside Guanfeng gate in Jiangyin in the early Song Dynasty for students to study. In the third year of Jingyou's reign, fan zonggu, the Zhijun, moved the Confucian temple to the southeast of the city because it was too close to the prison. During the reign of emperor Shaofen of Nanzong, he built a lecture hall, a military academy, a Yi temple, a preface to the East and the west, a pan palace, a Yushu Pavilion, an ancestral temple and a Confucian temple.

Related allusions

In the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Confucian temple in Jiangyin was constantly repaired. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jiangyin was called the state, and the military academy was changed to the State Academy. Zhizhou Zhang Xian, Li Shishan and Zhai Liang successively built academic palaces, added scholar's Academy, and built two pavilions of "Xiaoyue" and "Guangfeng" on the pond for scholars to have a rest, which is twice the scale of Song Dynasty. In 1352, Zhang Shicheng of Taizhou sent a volunteer army to attack Jiangyin, and the temple was destroyed. In the early Ming Dynasty, Jiangyin became a county. In the second year of Hongwu, Taizu issued an edict to Zhongshu Province: "it is advisable to set up schools in all counties.". So temples and schools were built all over the country.

The school is divided into "rites, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics". Wu Liang, who was granted the title of Marquis of Jiangyin, resumed his temple studies at the original site. From the third year to the thirtieth year of Hongwu, the county magistrate Wu Zhiyuan, Wang Heng and Jiang You successively built a lecture hall, a halberd gate, a house and a shepu. In the sixth year of Xuande (1431), Zhou Chen, governor of Jiangnan, and Zhu Yingzu, county magistrate, rebuilt Dacheng hall, Minglun hall, scholar's Academy, Shixi and Rixin Er Zhai. Zhou Bin, the county magistrate of Tianshun gate, bought land to study. In the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494), Huang Fu, the magistrate of the county, bought houses and built two ancestral halls for famous officials and rural sages. In the second year of Zhengde (1507), county magistrate Liu Zhen overhauled the temple school according to the regulation of "left temple and right school" in the 26th year of Hongwu.

Layout structure

Outside, there are panchi (three stone bridges on the pool, three through nine holes, 15 mu Square), halberd gate (three rooms, 20 meters wide from east to West), platform (8.7 meters from north to south, 12.7 meters from east to West), Dacheng Hall (12 meters deep, 16.3 meters wide, 10.7 meters high, offering sacrifices to Confucius, Sipei and Shizhe). There are two verandas in the East and West, seven in each Among them, there are 77 scholars, 52 scholars, three at the south end of the West veranda are sacrificial ware storehouses, and three at the south end of the East veranda are penal institutions, which are Temple systems.

In the eastern part of the temple, there are Confucianist square, Xuemen, Minglun hall, kuiwenge, shixizhai, rixinzhai, Junzi hall, Yangxian hall, Jiaoyu hall, Xuxun hall, shepu hall and Guande hall. In the winter of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), the county magistrate Yue Lingxiao built a ancestral hall for the local people, Miao Changqi and Li Yingsheng. In the two ancestral halls of Minghuan and Xiangxian, there are two stone squares of "Xingxian" and "Yujun". The perimeter of the temple is 1529.7 meters. In 1510, Wanji county magistrate built 54 additional houses. It can be seen that temple learning flourished at that time.

In 1531, the emperor Wenxuan temple was changed to "Xianshi Temple" in Fengzhao, and the statue of Confucius in Dacheng hall was changed to "Muzhu Shrine". In the 12th year, Li Yuanyang, the county magistrate, built the qishenggong temple in the south of the front of Guande hall to worship Liang he, Confucius' father and uncle. Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Kong Chen, Meng Ke, Cheng (Hao, Yi) and Zhu's father deserve to enjoy. In 1637, Xuezheng Ni Yuangong renovated all the halls, halls, doors, verandahs, footings and Yongyuan of the Confucian temple. According to historical records, the Ming Dynasty had fixed rules on the expenses of temple schools. In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382), Jiangyin County rented 600 stones for the teachers' and students' salaries and the spring and autumn festival sacrifices. Later, the custom warehouse was set up in the school, and the annual income was 360 stones. In the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), there were 93 mu of Xuetian (11.1%). The Confucian temple relies on the income from land rent and donations from the social elite to provide food for the teachers and students and repair the temple.

Repair and reconstruction

According to incomplete statistics, in the 260 years of the Ming Dynasty, Jiangyin county governments built and repaired temples 23 times. Therefore, the history says: "the prosperity of schools in Ming Dynasty is not as good as that in Tang and Song Dynasty.". In 1644 A.D., after the Qing Dynasty closed the gate, they also attached great importance to respecting Confucius and Confucianism. During the 264 years from Shunzhi to Guangxu, temples were built more than 20 times. In August of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Jiangyin Yimin was slaughtered during the anti Qing war. Only more than 50 people survived in the city. Except Dacheng hall and Minglun hall, other buildings of Confucian temple were seriously damaged.

From the ninth year of Shunzhi to the year of Kangxi, it was repaired seven times. In 1726, Qi Wenhan, the magistrate of Yongzheng County, proposed to donate money for renovation, while Yang Mingshi, a native of the city, who was still in charge of the governor of Yunnan at that time, donated money for renovation, which made the main hall, Zhai and Lou a new look. In the second year of Qianlong (1737), the magistrate Cai Shu built a large-scale construction project to expand the Ming Lun hall. According to the law, the temple was expanded into the five kings hall, and the East and West squares of "Jinsheng" and "Yuzhen" were built to save pedestrians. He also dredged the river and built bridges and walls. It has formed a rigorous pattern of left temple and right school with halls, halls, pavilions, ancestral temples, pools and bridges as the main body, and Zhai, veranda, Lu, PU, Ku, Ting, Fang and he as the supporting facilities. The Zhouyuan is nearly 2000 meters (378 mu). In the years of Jiaqing and Daoguang, the "depeitiandi" and "Daoguan ancient and modern" workshops were built in many repairs. At this point, the Confucian temple is well prepared.) In the 10th year of Xianfeng, the Taiping army occupied Jiangyin City, and the Confucian temple was destroyed by war. From the sixth year of Tongzhi to the fifth year of Guangxu, it took 12 years to complete the reconstruction, which cost 46670 liang of silver. Except Zunjing Pavilion, which was not rebuilt, it was restored as it was. Because of the large scale of temple learning, people from all counties came to ask for rites. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination was abolished, schools were established, and county schools were terminated.

After entering the Republic of China, the Confucian temple was used by the county middle school, and was disturbed by the soldiers several times. Since the 1970s, part of the Confucian temple complex has been demolished due to the reconstruction of the school buildings and the opening of Renmin Road. Fortunately, the main buildings in the temple are well preserved. After careful repair, they have reappeared their former style.

Architectural pattern

The general layout of Jiangyin Confucian temple adopts the palace style of central axis symmetry, which is modeled on the style of Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province. It is not only the symbol of Jiangyin cultural ancient city, but also the holy land of Confucianism in Jiangyin ancient city and the highest institution of learning in Jiangyin imperial examination era. It is located in the north of Renmin middle road in Jiangyin.

After the founding of new China, the Confucian temple was protected in the use of county middle schools. In the 1970s, Shifang, Zhaobi, lingxingmen and chongshengci were demolished due to the renovation of school buildings and street. Fortunately, the main buildings such as dachengmen, dongxiyifang, dachengdian, Minglun hall, East and West verandah and panchi three bridges still exist. But in the end, due to disrepair, wind and rain erosion and man-made reconstruction, most of them are dilapidated and in danger. The restored Jiangyin Confucian temple covers an area of 8356.5 square meters, 169.58 meters in depth from north to south, with a total construction area of 3830 square meters. From Lingxing gate to Minglun hall, the third entrance. The main building runs through a north-south central axis, and the attached buildings are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides.

Lattice star gate

The first gate at the southern end of the existing Confucian temple is called Lingxing gate. The spirit star is Tiantian star, which is the God in charge of Tiantian. The ancients offered sacrifices to heaven, first to the stars, in order to pray for abundant grain. In the sixth year of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1028), "Lingxing gate" was set up. Because the Confucianism advocated by Confucius was regarded as the traditional Chinese culture by the rulers of the past dynasties, the later generations moved the name of "Lingxing" to the gate of Confucius Temple, which means respecting Confucius like respecting heaven. The restored Lingxing gate of Jiangyin Confucian temple is 13.5 meters long and 6.6 meters high. There are six pillars of stone, which are in the form of skyrocketing pillars. The three gates are all equipped with vermilion fences, and the walls are connected on the left and right. Beside the walls are steles of "Yiying civil and military officials dismount here". The front and back of the stone column are held by stone drums, and the two sides of the forehead are sealed with the characters of "lingxingmen". The upper part of the square is engraved with the picture of moon rabbit and gold black, and the reverse side is the word "sun" and "Moon", implying that Confucius' virtue and the sun and the moon shine together. According to historical data, the Lingxing gate pillars of Qufu Confucius Temple were made of wood for a long time, and the stone quality was not changed until 1754. The Lingxing gate of Jiangyin Confucian temple has used stone pillars at least since the Ming Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Yin Wen Miao