Xinglongshan Nature Reserve

Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Xinglongshan Nature Reserve generally refers to Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve

Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is located in Yuzhong County, Southeast of Lanzhou city. It is adjacent to Lintao in the south, Dingxi in the East and Lanzhou in the northwest. It is the eastern extension of Qilian Mountain. The total area of the reserve is about 33301 hectares. Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is a forest ecosystem type. The main protected objects are wild musk deer and natural old spruce forest and its ecosystem.

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the medical workers who are struggling in the front line of anti epidemic, the scenic spot will be open to all medical workers in the country free of charge until the end of 2020.

Historical evolution

In 1980, the people's Government of Lanzhou city listed Xinglong Mountain as the natural scenery reserve of Lanzhou city.

In 1982, the people's Government of Gansu Province approved Xinglong Mountain as a provincial natural scenery reserve.

In 1983, the people's Government of Yuzhong County set up a special administrative agency to raise funds for the construction.

In 1986, with the approval of Gansu provincial government, Xinglongshan Nature Reserve was established in Gansu Province.

In 1988, the State Council approved the establishment of Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province.

geographical environment

position

Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is located in Yuzhong County, kilometers southeast of Lanzhou city. Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is located at 103 ° 50 ′ - 104 ° 10 ′ E and 35 ° 38 ′ - 35 ° 58 ′ n. Located in the southwest corner of Yuzhong County, it is adjacent to Lintao in the south, Dingxi in the East and Lanzhou in the northwest, belonging to the eastern extension of Qilian Mountain.

topographic features

Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is the eastern extension of Qilian mountain system, which is composed of the high and middle mountain group of Malian mountain system. The main mountains are Malian mountain, Xinglongshan Mountain and Qiyun mountain. The two main peaks of Xinglong Mountain and Qiyun mountain come from the branches of Majian mountain. The mountain is about 37 km long and 17 km wide. The trend of the mountain is northwest, southwest, Southeast and south. The terrain is high in the South and low in the north, with an altitude of 2000-3600 meters. The main peak of Malian mountain is 3670.3 meters above sea level, with a specific height of 500-1000 meters. It is the only peak over 3600 meters in the Loess Plateau. After passing through, the mountain extends eastward and ends in the vast loess hills of the sea.

climate

Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is located in the interior of East Asia continent. According to the national natural climate division, it is classified as the eastern monsoon region. The continental climate is significant, belonging to the alpine semi humid and rainy climate. The main characteristics are four distinct seasons, water and heat in the same season. In spring, it is dry and windy; in summer, it is hot in the day and cool at night; in early summer, it is dry and rainy in midsummer; in early autumn, it is cloudy and rainy, but in late autumn, it is cool and less rainy; in winter, it is cold and less snowy. The annual average temperature is 3-7 ℃, of which the highest (July) is 13-18 ℃, and the lowest (January) is - 8-9 ℃; the active accumulated temperature is 1800-2800 ℃; the annual precipitation is 450-622mm, the effective precipitation is 340-520mm, and the precipitation frequency is uneven. The precipitation is mainly concentrated in July, August and September, accounting for about 55% of the annual precipitation. Under the effect of rainfall enhancement in mountainous areas, the precipitation is about 55% for every 100m above sea level 27 mm.

hydrology

The river system of Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is well developed. There are 11 long running rivers, including Xinglong gorge, kangu gorge, Xujia gorge, fengoucha, majiasi, shuichagou, guantangou, Xinying, Huangping, Mapo and Yinshan. They all originate from Malian mountain and Xinglongshan, with a total annual runoff of 53.49 million cubic meters. Among them, Xinglong gorge has the largest runoff and normal runoff The annual runoff is 7.155 million cubic meters, and that of xujiaxia zhengdang is 0.03 cubic meters per second, with an annual runoff of 906000 cubic meters. The pH value of the water is 6.9-8.1, and the hardness is 5.8-14.8 degrees. It belongs to medium hardness water, which is in line with the general drinking water.

soil

The soil in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is mainly gray cinnamon soil developed in rocky mountain area. In addition, there are alpine meadow soil, subalpine meadow soil, chestnut soil and Neogene soil. The zonal soil of shady slope forest land is leached grey cinnamon soil. The main parent materials are phyllite, basalt, glutenite, volcanic rock and other residual, slope and loess. Generally, the soil fertility is high, and the content of organic matter is 1.63%, but the soil layer is shallow. The zonal soil of secondary forest land and shrub land on sunny slope is carbonate leached grey cinnamon soil. The parent material of the soil is the same as that of the shady slope, but due to the larger slope, good drainage, sufficient light, rapid evaporation, strong carbonate reaction, alkaline, low organic matter content and poor fertility. In the area above 3000 meters above sea level, due to the high air humidity and low temperature, the vegetation is mainly shrub and herb, so the soil transits from subalpine meadow soil to alpine meadow soil.

Regional scope

The functional area of Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve is divided into core area, which accounts for 32.7% of the total area of the reserve, buffer area 22.2% of the total area of the reserve, and experimental area 45.1% of the total area of the reserve.

Protected objects

The main protected objects of Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve are wild musk deer and natural old spruce forest and its ecosystem.

plant resources

There are more than 500 species of higher plants in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, including 485 species of seed plants, 5 species of pteridophytes and 16 species of bryophytes.

Arbor species: Picea microphylla, Picea crassifolia, Populus davidiana, Quercus liaotungensis, birch, etc;

Shrub species: Hippophae rhamnoides, Rosa multiflora, Lycium, Rhododendron, hazelnut, Spiraea, Prunus mume, Caragana, honeysuckle, Sorbus mandshurica, Rubus, cherry, clove, etc;

Ground cover plants: Carex, strawberry, ferns, etc. There are many Pteridium aquilinum in the reserve, with an annual output of about 100 tons, which are processed and sold abroad.

Medicinal plants: dangshen, rhubarb, motherwort, dandelion, Equisetum, Plantago, Scutellaria, Zihu, notopterygium, etc.

Spruce forest: it is the key protected object of Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve. The shady slope and semi shady slope of 2200-2700m above sea level are Picea tenuifolia forest, with an average height of 20.3m, DBH of 29cm, canopy density of 0.7-0.8, and timber volume of 420 m3 / ha. The mixed forest of Picea crassifolia and Picea tenuifolia is located at 2700m-2800m above sea level. Picea crassifolia, Salix kaempferi, birch and juniper are located at 2800m above sea level The mixed forest of Rhododendron has low shape and poor growth.

Miscellaneous forest: it is also an important resource of Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve. Populus davidiana forests are mostly distributed on sunny slopes, with an average height of 7 meters, diameter at breast height of 8 cm, canopy density of 0.6, and volume of 45 m3 / ha. Spruce, Populus davidiana mixed forest, spruce, birch mixed forest and poplar birch mixed forest are mostly distributed in the part of semi sunny slope, semi shady slope and gully. The tree height and DBH are slightly larger than poplar, and the volume is 45-60 m3 / ha.

Animal resources

There are 160 species of vertebrate wildlife in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, including 2 species of national first class protected animals, 12 species of second class protected animals, 6 species of Gansu Provincial protected animals, 87 species of spiders, 1048 species of insects, including 12 new species. Animal and plant resources are very rich, which is one of the precious animal and plant gene banks in the Loess Plateau of China.

Honors

On April 13, 2018, he was shortlisted for the "magic northwest 100 scenes".

Development and utilization

scientific research

More than 20 scientific research projects have been completed, including "Experimental Study on introduction of Northeast ginseng", "Experimental Study on artificial introduction and cultivation of Pteridium aquilinum in Xinglong Mountain" and "Research on comprehensive management demonstration area of secondary forest in guantangou Xigou". Among them, the "monitoring of population quantity change of musk deer in Xinglong Mountain" and "Research on protection and utilization of musk deer in Xinglong Mountain" have reached the domestic and international advanced level respectively.

Tourism information

Xinglongshan scenic spot is located 45 kilometers southeast of Lanzhou City, 6 kilometers away from Yuzhong County. It is adjacent to Lintao County in the South and Qilihe district in the West. There are Yunlong bridge, Great Buddha Hall, Chiang Kai Shek official residence and other attractions.

Yunlong Bridge

Yunlong bridge is a gallery style wooden arch bridge. The body of the bridge is arched, delicate and exquisite, like a rainbow across a mountain stream. The bridge is 155 meters long and 3 meters wide. There are seven corridors on the bridge. There are two pavilions at each end of the bridge. It is a building with four corner eaves on the top of Xieshan mountain. The gallery is decorated with carved beams and painted buildings, and the top of the gallery is covered with glazed tiles. According to the Taoist theory, "the Dragon ascends the cloud, and the cloud follows the dragon". This bridge connects the two peaks of Qiyun and Xinglong, so it is called "Yunlong bridge". There is a pair of striking couplets carved at the end of the bridge: "there are more clouds than Mount Tai, and the rain makes the immortal happy; when the Dragon enters the sea, it rushes to the mountains and clouds."

The bridge was first built in 1763, the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong. In 1900, CEN Chunxuan, the governor of Gansu Province, appropriated money to rebuild it. Chen Chang, the county magistrate, renamed it "Yunlong bridge". Yunlong bridge is one of the ancient buildings and one of the symbols of Xinglong Mountain, which is listed in the provincial cultural relics protection. In 1981, the government allocated money for the reconstruction, because the bridge was built at that time

Chinese PinYin : Xing Long Shan Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu