Zifangshan

Zifangshan

Zifang mountain is located in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, with an altitude of 146 meters. Together with Yunlong mountain, Jiuli mountain and Hubu mountain, it is known as the four famous mountains in Xuzhou. Zifangshan was originally named Jimingshan. It is said that Zhang Liang ordered his soldiers to play flute and disperse Chu soldiers in the battle between Chu and Han, so it was renamed zifangshan.

Brief introduction of zifangshan

Zifang Xiaosheng, one of the eight ancient sceneries in Xuzhou, has become a masterpiece of fighting for thousands of years. Zifang temple is built on Zifang mountain. Zifang Xiao Sheng is one of the eight famous sceneries in ancient Xuzhou.

Zifangshan Temple Fair

Zifangshan is named after Zhang Zifang, a famous man of Han Dynasty. Zifangshan temple fair is a commemorative worship of Zhang Zifang. It was born by combining with the primitive activities of praying for rain and good harvest in the past dynasties. Since then, Buddhist belief has been added. Temple fair integrates Buddhism, Taoism culture, ancient folk beliefs and customs, and folk market trade. It is a large-scale comprehensive assembly of local politics, economy, folk variety cultural activities, and folk arts and crafts exhibition. It is also an activation stone exhibition with local folk cultural characteristics in traditional culture.

Zifangshan temple fair began in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, temple fair activities remained normal. It stopped during the cultural revolution and gradually resumed after the cultural revolution. After the restoration of religious policy in 1986, temple fairs began to develop gradually with the spontaneous participation of the people. In the early recovery period, there were only rural fairs. Although the number of people going to the fairs increased gradually in recent years, the prosperity of the past has become a thing of the past.

Zifangshan temple fair is located in zifangshan, Xuzhou. The temple fair lasted for three days, with May 19 of the lunar calendar as the main meeting. The people who came to participate in the temple fair were mainly from six counties (cities) and five districts in Xuzhou. Besides Buddhists and Taoists, there were also many people from all walks of life. In addition, it also attracted people from the border areas of Eastern Henan, Northern Anhui, southern Shandong and Xuzhou. The farthest people came from Shaanxi and other places, with nearly one million participants.

Zifangshan Temple Fair has various forms and scenes, involving up and down the mountain, inside and outside the temple, with different contents and forms. Its main contents include: Master Zifang '. Among them, master Zifang's tour is the most grand ceremony.

Zifangshan temple fair is the first of the eight major temple fairs in the history of Xuzhou. It is also the longest temple fair in the history of Xuzhou. It carries a large number of folk matters and has been concerned by Xuzhou folklorists. Zifangshan temple fair is a kind of folk painting of past dynasties, which plays an important role in witnessing the excellent national cultural tradition.

In the 21st century, zifangshan temple fair, as an important custom of the common people, is still loved by the broad masses of people. With the improvement of people's living standards and the increasing enrichment of material culture, the aesthetic orientation is constantly changing, and the status of folk culture is declining. Some excellent traditional cultures in temple fairs are in an endangered state. The scale of temple fairs is gradually decreasing, and there is a trend towards tourism and shopping festivals.

Zhang Zifang and zifangshan

The ancient city of Xuzhou has beautiful mountains and rivers.

Among the mountains all around the city, only a few are named after people. Zifang mountain is one. Zifang mountain is located in the northeast of the city. It is not high, only 127 meters above sea level. However, this seemingly insignificant hill has a moving legend. It is named after a famous figure in the Chu and Han Dynasties, Zhang Liang, who is known as one of the "three heroes of Xing Han Dynasty".

Zhang Liang is a legendary figure in Chinese history. He is also a "sage" who "plans strategies and wins thousands of miles away".

In 218 B.C., when the Qin Dynasty destroyed Han, Zhang Liang bought assassins with a lot of money to avenge his family and national hatred. He set up an ambush in bolangsha (now Yuanyang County, Henan Province), which is the only way for the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty to visit the East. He attempted to assassinate the king of the Qin Dynasty with tiezhui. As a result, he fled to xiapi, Jiangsu Province and hid for nine years. After he got Huang Shigong's Taigong art of war in Diqiao, he assisted Liu Bang in many ingenious ways. At the thrilling Hongmen banquet, he made Liu Bang, who was at a disadvantage, avoid a disaster, and then went through the war and defeated the Han family for three hundred years.

Zhang Liang's legendary color lies in his brave retreat. After he became famous, he was indifferent to fame and wealth. He politely declined Liu Bang and asked him to choose 30000 families to be feudal lords in Qi. He was willing to be feudal lords, and later chose to retire. According to the records of liuhou aristocratic family in historical records, Xiao He was sentenced to prison, and Han Xin was also killed for treason. Before his death, he lamented that "cunning rabbit died, running dog cooked; high bird died, good bow hidden; enemy country broke, counselor died". Only Zhang Liangming could protect himself from the disaster of death.

Xuzhou as an ancient battlefield, eight hundred Li peaks, has always been a must for military strategists. Zifangshan, located in the northeast of the city, was formerly known as "Jimingshan". It is said that during the period of Chu and Han Dynasties, Zhang Liang skillfully used psychological attack in order to disintegrate the Chu army. He trained a group of flute players and made many large kites. Baskets were hung under the kites and the flute players were placed in them. Zhang Liang took command of Jiming mountain and took advantage of the wind to put the kite on the Chu army's position. For a moment, the flute was singing together. The sad sound of the flute aroused Xiang Yu's homesickness. Eight thousand children abandoned their armor and scattered. The Han army won without fighting. From then on, Jimingshan was renamed zifangshan.

In memory of Zhang Liang, zifangshan built a Zifang temple in the early years of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, in which a statue of Zhang Liang was worshipped. Because Zhang Liang was named "liuhou", it was also called "liuhou Temple" among the people. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the ancestral temple was rebuilt, and then the temple was destroyed.

Changes, vicissitudes, two thousand two hundred years between a flick. In the past, the ancient battlefield of tiemajingge had already been turned upside down and changed the world. The heroes of the Chu and Han Dynasties in those days can only be found in historical books and legends.

After the reconstruction of the gate, zifangshan has now taken on a new look. Zifang temple on Zifang mountain is a row of stone bungalows behind Dongshan temple. There is a plaque of "Zi Fang Ci" hanging on the door, and a couplet beside the door: "studying marquis to prosper the Han Dynasty will last for thousands of years, Huangshi will teach you books to see through the mystery", in which there is a statue of Zhang Liang, the Marquis of the Han Dynasty. Although the ancestral temple is simple and crude, there is constant incense in the four seasons, and there is an endless stream of worshippers. What is continuous in the dense smoke is the reverence of generations of Xuzhou people for this Marquis

A new bronze statue of Zhang Liang has been erected in the landscape garden of the residential area built on the mountain. Zhang Liangzheng, with his clothes floating, holds a bamboo slip and looks ahead. At the bottom of the statue is engraved a resume: Zhang Liang, Zifang, Korean. Several children are playing beside the bronze statue, "Korean?" Two girls in fashionable "hahan" clothes look at each other and smile. I don't know if they understand this "South Korea" is not that "South Korea", but anyway, they still remember the name of Zhang Liang

In fact, history is not only written in books, but also precipitated in the hearts of the common people. The hearts of the people are like mirrors. Like this mountain, Zhang Zifang will always stay on the land of Xuzhou and in the hearts of Xuzhou people

Zifangshan and zifangci

Zifangshan is known as Jimingshan among the people. According to the Qianlong version of Xuzhou Fu Zhi, "zifangshan is two Li East of the city, and the old one is Jimingshan.". The Ming edition does not. It shows that the legend of Jimingshan was in the late Ming Dynasty.

There is no written record of what Jiming mountain looked like when Zhang Liang retired from the Chu army. However, zifangshan in the Ming Dynasty, because of the zifangci, more people paid a visit and chanted a lot, so that we can know the former buildings and scenes of zifangshan and zifangci.

In Chen Mu's works of the Ming Dynasty, zifangshan is very beautiful: "the four fields are clear and the sky is blue, the solitary peak is bright and the stone is bright.". The wheat field is full of waves, and the peach path is full of rosy clouds. If you listen to Yuqiao's singing, you can still hear Chushi's voice. " This is the spring scene of zifangshan before Jiajing of Ming Dynasty. At that time, the Yellow river overflowed little, the mountains were beautiful, the peach was rosy, the wheat waves in the four fields were undulating, and the fishermen and the woodcutters sang in harmony. At the end of Ming Dynasty, it was the same: "peach blossoms, wild bridge rain, willows, mountain temple wind.". (Feng Shiyong); in the Qing Dynasty, it was still: "Cui Wei's temple has been here for thousands of years, leading Li mountain and river to see the harvest" (Zhang Yanqi). In the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River conquered Si, and Zifang mountain bordered the Yellow River. The scenery of rivers and mountains, peach forest and green domain, has always been the historical portrayal of Zifang mountain scenery.

Zifang temple on Zifang mountain, later also known as liuhou temple. The original name of this temple should be Zifang temple. In the early years of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1426), there was a severe drought in Xuzhou. Chen Xun begged for rain on Zifang mountain. Soon after rain, Chen Xun built Zifang temple on the mountain. The orthodox version of Pengcheng Zhi: "Zifang mountain is five li east of the city, and there is Zifang temple on the mountain today." The orthodox edition of pengchengzhi is the earliest official record of Xuzhou, and also the earliest original record of Zifang temple.

More than one hundred years later, the Ming Jiajing edition of Xuzhou annals · sacrificial rites says: "the second temple of liuhou is in Liucheng and zifangshan. At the beginning of Xuande period, the temple was built on the mountain by Chen Xuan of Pingjiang City, and song Cheng of Jingtai city moved to zuoxinzhi." It took only about 30 years from Xuande's founding to Jingtai's rebuilding. The temple was not only relocated and rebuilt, but also renamed liuhou temple. It was the first time in history that it was rebuilt. By the time of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, it was almost unknown. People in Qing Dynasty sighed that "Cui Wei temple has been here for thousands of years", but in fact, it was only 300 years. During this period, the Zifang temple was often damaged. For example, Zhu YIZUN of the Qing Dynasty came to Xuzhou to visit the Zifang temple, and the scene was rather sad: "there is green moss and broken steles in the hometown of Pengcheng. The Millennium post road is full of maple leaves and a bend of the river. "

There is a statue of Zhang Liang in Zifang temple, which is a "hint" in ancient poems. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the Zifang temple built by Chen Xuan had a statue of Zhang Liang. Liu Rongsi of Ming Dynasty visited Zifang temple and witnessed Zhang Liang

Chinese PinYin : Zi Fang Shan