Koelreuteria Paniculata

Lantern tree

synonym

Koelreuteria generally refers to lantern tree

Lantern tree (scientific name: < ienkianthus chinensis < / I Franch.) is a plant of the genus Campanulaceae. Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 3-6 m high, sparse to 10 m; young branches gray green, glabrous, old branches dark gray; buds cylindrical, 8-10 mm long. The leaves are often aggregated, and the top of branches is papery, oblong to oblong elliptic. Flowers mostly in umbelliform racemes; pedicels slender, 2.5-4 cm long, glabrous; flowers pendulous. The capsule is ovoid with 5 petals. Seeds ca. 6 mm long. The flowering period is may, and the fruiting period is June to October.

It is distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan of China. It grows in the hillside sparse forest at an altitude of 900-3600m.

It is the best ornamental tree species for landscaping and landscaping.

(general drawing reference source:

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morphological character

Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 3-6 m high, sparse to 10 m; young branches grayish green, glabrous, old branches dark gray; buds terete, 8-10 mm long, bud scales broadly lanceolate, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, reddish, apex pointed, margin ciliate. Leaves often aggregated, apical, papery, oblong to oblong elliptic, 3-4 (- 5) cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, apex obtuse, with short convex tip, base broadly cuneate or cuneate, margin obtuse serrate, glabrous on both sides, midrib concave on surface, together with lateral veins not obvious on surface, obvious on back, reticulate veins obvious on back; petiole stout, 0.8-1 (- 15) mm long, grooved, Hairless.

Flowers mostly in umbelliform racemes; pedicels slender, 2.5-4 cm long, glabrous; flowers pendulous; calyx 5-lobed, lobes triangular, about 2.5 mm long, ciliate; corolla broad campanulate, 1 cm long and 1 cm wide, flesh red, mouth 5-lobed; stamens 10, inserted at the base of corolla, filaments 4.5 mm long, expanded below the middle, puberulent; anthers 2-lobed, 1.5 mm long, Awn ca. 1 mm; ovary globose, 5-striated, sparsely white pubescent, style ca. 5.5 mm, sparsely hairy. Capsule ovoid, 6-7 (- 8) mm in diameter, locular dorsal dehiscence into 5 petals, valves about 6 mm long, 3.2 mm wide, valves with longitudinal grooves in the middle. Seeds ca. 6 mm long, slightly glossy, rugose, winged, many per locule, borne on the upper part of the axis. The flowering period is may, and the fruiting period is June to October.

The difference between the two species

This species is widely distributed in the genus Campanula. The shape, size and indumentum of leaves, flowers and fruits varied greatly. This species is very similar to < ienkianthus deflexus < / I (Griff.) Schneid.), but its pedicel, petiole and abaxial surface of leaf are often pilose, especially the veins and axils of abaxial surface of leaf are densely covered with flat coarse hairs, the leaves are often large, the awn on anther is as long as anther, and the calyx is lanceolate triangle.

Habitat of producing area

It is distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan of China. It grows in the hillside sparse forest at an altitude of 900-3600m.

It likes warm, humid and semi shady ecological environment, and needs to grow in loose and fertile sandy soil rich in organic matter.

Methods of reproduction

sow

Lantern tree has high seed setting rate, many seeds, and good germination rate. After sowing, it can obtain a large number of seedlings. At the same time, the seedlings with strong plasticity and vigorous growth are the main means of introduction and breeding. The fruit of Lantern tree matures from September to October. At maturity, the capsule is brownish yellow. After harvest, it is placed in a ventilated room to dry. After the seed shell cracks, the seeds are taken out and stored in a dry room. When the next spring is warm, the seeds are sown and propagated.

The seedbed can be made from waste wooden boxes. Generally, the box is 50-55cm long, 35-40cm wide and 20-25cm high. After the wooden box is made, it can be cleaned and disinfected with 0.2-0.3% potassium permanganate solution. The seedbed substrate can be fully mixed with 5 parts of forest rotten leaf soil and 5 parts of orchid mud, and then sterilized with high temperature, or sprayed with 200 times formalin or 3000 times potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and then spread for 5-7 days. After the taste of the medicine is completely volatilized, it can be packed for standby.

The seeds should be soaked in warm water of about 40 ℃ for 24-48 hours before sowing. After the seed coat absorbs water and expands, the seeds can be pulled out and slightly dried. Then the seeds can be evenly spread in the wooden box, covered with fine sand, and then pressed gently by the wood board. Then the water can be sprayed through with the fine hole spout, or the wooden box can be placed in the water tank by the soaking method, and an inverted empty basin can be padded below to let the water slowly immerse in the wooden box seedbed Until the whole matrix is saturated. Then cover the seedbed with white sea glass to reduce water evaporation and keep the temperature in the bed. Before the emergence of seeds, the substrate should be kept absolutely moist. Generally, the temperature should be controlled at 18-22 ℃, and the germination rate should be 80-90%. After 15-20 days, the seedlings can emerge. After that, the mulch can be removed, and attention should be paid to ventilation to improve the resistance of seedlings. When the substrate is dry, spray with a sprayer. Be careful not to flush the seedlings. Transplant the seedlings to 2-3 pieces of real leaves and expand the row spacing. The transplanting seedbed can be used as a shallow basin, and the substrate can be used as sowing soil. It can be placed in a semi shady place for scattering light. After the young grow and grow, gradually strengthen the sunlight to make them thrive.

cuttage

According to the growth habit of Lantern tree, cutting propagation was carried out when the plant was dormant. Before cutting, the grower can select a place in front of and behind the house, which is leeward and sunny, and dig a long soil groove of 200-300 cm long, 60-80 cm wide and 50-60 cm deep. At the bottom of the groove, a layer of dry and miscellaneous fertilizer which is not yet decomposed and easy to heat is first padded, and the fertilizer is backfilled with 30-35 cm of sterilized sand soil as the cutting substrate. When the fallen leaves of the lantern tree are dormant, the hard branches with vigorous growth and full axillary buds should be cut. Each section is 8-10 cm long and has 3-4 internodes. The cutting mouth should be adjacent to the node, the lower end should be cut flat, and the upper end should be cut into an inclined plane of 40-45 ° for drainage. In order to heal and grow the cuttings, 0.01-0.03% NAA solution can be used to soak 2 cm at the base of the cuttings. After 12-18 hours, the cuttings can be taken out and cut according to the spacing of 3-4 cm. The depth of insertion into soil is 6-8 cm. Generally, only one internode is left at the upper end. After insertion, the water is sprayed through with a fine hole spout. The seedbed is arched with bamboo and covered with plastic film. In this way, the ground temperature is generally higher than the air temperature. After the cuttings are healed, they live through the winter and take root and sprout in the early spring of the next year. Some take root in the same year and sprout in the shade of the next year.

cultivation techniques

Post insertion management

After the new buds of Lantern tree germinate, we should also pay attention to protect the seedlings from the late spring cold. In order to reduce the disease, the grower can also use 0.1% thiophanate solution to spray 1-2 times to prevent the occurrence of black spot. In high temperature season, the frequency of water spraying on the ground and leaves should be increased, and attention should be paid to ventilation, cooling and shading to prevent the leaves from being burned by the hot sun. At the end of August, the shade shed should be removed and the light should be strengthened to make the seedlings more robust. The fallen leaves in late autumn can be planted separately or potted in forest humus soil.

Site selection and planting

In China's Yangtze River Basin and its south, the altitude is about 300 meters, and the air is humid, group planting or single plant cultivation can be carried out, especially at the edge of garden trees or beside tall buildings, which is the best area for cultivating lantern trees. The cultivation time is usually in late October or early and middle November after autumn defoliation. During the operation, the pit should be large, and the bottom of the pit should be filled with dry and miscellaneous fertilizer, phosphate rock powder or superphosphate that has not yet been decomposed, and the top of the pit should be filled and compacted, and then the seedlings should be taken with the ball, and planted in the center of the pit. The surrounding soil should be filled and compacted, and the water should be irrigated thoroughly, and the plants can survive if they are irrigated again before winter. After germination in the next year, normal water, fertilizer and light management can be carried out.

Water and fertilizer management

Fertilization: in the annual growth process, we need to increase and supplement certain nutrients. The plant absorbs more nutrients, which can speed up the formation, blossom and bear fruit earlier. The base fertilizer is usually applied after the fruit matures from September to October. The method is: in 60-100 cm around the plant, the ball trench is dug, the trench depth is 15-20 cm, the long-term organic liquid fertilizer is applied, after the soil absorbs the water, the accumulated dry and miscellaneous fertilizer is applied, and finally the soil is returned to fill. At this time of fertilization, the lantern tree has not fallen leaves, the ground temperature is still very high, and the root system of the plant is still active, so it needs to have a strong absorption capacity. At this time, there is more rain, which is more conducive to the decomposition of fertilizer, and can give full play to the fertilizer efficiency in the next year, which is extremely beneficial to the growth of the plant. Topdressing is usually carried out after fruit bearing, because the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of Lantern tree are carried out simultaneously after fruit bearing, and more water and nutrients are needed. The growers should supplement nutrients in time according to the fertility of the cultivated soil. When fertilizing, radial shallow ditches can be dug around the plants, and organic liquid fertilizer, such as oil, can be applied

Chinese PinYin : Gu Luan Shu