Fu Gong Temple

Fu Gong Temple

The Fu Gong ancestral hall is composed of pavilions, ancestral halls and gardens. It covers an area of 16500 square meters. The ancestral hall has a sacrificial hall and five couplets. In front of the hall, there are the sacrificial platform, the west chamber, the east wall of the stone carvings, the gatehouse and other courtyard buildings. Unfortunately, only a small part of today's Fu Gong temple has been preserved. In the quiet courtyard, there is a main hall in the north and several bungalows in the West. The main hall must have been the place where Fu Shan was worshipped. In recent years, it has been used as an activity room. Today, due to the subsidence of the foundation, it has become a dangerous building, and the huge iron frame is supporting the beam of the main hall.

Mr. Fu Lin

brief introduction

In the history of Chinese thought, the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty was a great era of prosperity and bright stars comparable to the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. In 1607, eight years after Mr. Fu Lin presided over the construction of Wenfeng tower to support the cultural movement in Taiyuan, his grandson Fu Shan was born in this scholarly family of "learning from others and learning from Jinzhong". Fu Zhimo, Fu Shan's father, never realized that his son, who grew up in the West Village at the foot of Mount juiwei in Taiyuan, would represent the historical and contemporary requirements of ideological emancipation and personality emancipation in the 17th century and become one of the most famous patriotic scholars and Enlightenment thinkers in that period.

Life

Founded in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, Taiyuan Sanli Academy was the highest institution of learning in Shanxi area in the late Ming Dynasty. In the seventh year of Chongzhen, Yuan Jixian, the new Shanxi tixue, began to revive Sanli academy, which was once declined by political influence with the support of Shanxi governor. The influence of scholarly disciples and strict family education made Fu Shan, a gifted and intelligent boy, stand out from the boy's test as early as 15 years old. At this time, Fu Shan, 27 years old, together with more than 200 outstanding students in the whole province, was selected to the Academy for further study. In Sanli academy, there are statues of ancient sages, and at the same time, there are 55 famous officials and local sages in Shanxi. It is in this cultural atmosphere that Yuan Jixian shaped the noble and upright spirit of the students in Shanxi at the end of Ming Dynasty with his integrity and articles, the model of the sages and his own personality.

However, two years later, Yuan Jixian was implicated in the political struggle and was falsely accused of corruption by the censor Zhang Sunzhen. Emperor Chongzhen ordered him to be sent to the capital. More than 100 innocent people in Shanxi Province were put into unjust imprisonment. In this case, Fu Shan, who is eager for justice and has great chivalrous demeanor, stepped on the political stage for the first time. He took the risk of contacting Xue Zongzhou and other students In early winter, Yuan Jixian's prison car was driven to Beijing by the cold wind. Led by Fu Shan, he drafted a petition signed by 103 students from Shanxi Province.

However, the general affairs department of the Ming government, similar to today's petition office, always refused to accept the petition. Zhang Sunzhen also sent people to Beijing and threatened to ask the East chamber and the royal guards to arrest the petitioners. After calling his brother Fu Zhi to Beijing, Fu Shan engraved a placard called "refuting false accusations". Students went to the streets to distribute a large number of political leaflets revealing the inside story of Yuan Jixian's unjust case. Emperor Chongzhen often sent factory and security personnel to inspect the market and spy on the people. It was through them that the placard was finally uploaded to Emperor Chongzhen. At the same time, Fu Shan and others also complained to the censor sun Xian about the injustice of blocking the horse and besieged the official sedan chair of Prime Minister Wen Tiren on the way to the early Dynasty.

In April of the next year, the Ministry of criminal justice began a public trial of the case of Yuan Jixian. Fu Shan appeared in court twice to testify. Finally, Yuan Jixian's injustice was vindicated, his official position was restored, and he was transferred to wuchangdao. Zhang Sunzhen, the false accuser, was exiled to the frontier. His backstage, Wen Tiren, the traitor who had disturbed the government for eight years, was also deposed and returned home two months later. The enlightenment student movement, which lasted for more than half a year, was finally successful, and caused a shock in the scholar bureaucrat class. As a result, Fu Shan became famous in the capital. The collection of scholars' poems praising Fu Shan at that time was printed. Ma Shiqi, the scholar "Yiwei Zhizhi", praised Fu Shan and Xue Zongzhou for their righteous deeds in a Book of two righteous scholars on the right side of the mountain. Gu Gao and Gu Yanwu led Ruan Dacheng in the 11th year of Chongzhen and Kang Youwei in the 21st year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. In essence, they are the continuation of Fu Shan's struggle situation of "suing the que".

Fu Shan's noble character was even more reflected in the fact that Yuan Jixian went to Wuchang to invite him to visit Huanghe. Fu Shan declined to leave his mother for a long time. At the end of the year-old examination, GUI Yizhang, an envoy of Shanxi Province, chose Fu Shan as a "eugenic student" and was ready to use drum music to hold a flower arrangement ceremony for him. Fu Shan said with thanks: serving a teacher should be like a son. How can I establish a private name for justice?

As Yuan Jixian's favorite students, they always maintain a close relationship between teachers and students. After Yuan Jixian took office in Wuchang, he devoted himself to suppressing the local peasant uprising army. After the Qing army entered the pass, he worked hard for the Nanming regime and coordinated the relationship between Zuo Liangyu and the imperial court. After Yuan Jixian was kidnapped to Beijing by the generals of the Qing Dynasty, he wrote to Fu Shan to collect and organize his poetry collection, and said tragically: "Shanxi scholars only know me better. On the day when I die soon, I will never let you down and make you ashamed of having friends like me." After receiving the letter, Fu Shan cried bitterly: "Sir, how dare I live up to your expectations?" A few months later, Yuan Jixian, who would rather die than surrender, went to the disaster generously.

No matter Fu Shan, Yuan Jixian or Cai maode, they were limited by their times and traditional culture, and could not see the positive effect of the peasant uprising storm in the late Ming Dynasty, so it was difficult to ask them to conform to the development of historical trend. When Li Zicheng's uprising army approached Taiyuan day by day, Fu Shan and CAI maode made up a post accusing the peasant army of cruelty in the name of Shaanxi people, which was widely posted in Taiyuan. At the same time, they also made up a nursery rhyme that "the horse is difficult to walk in the door, and this year it is bi Ma Wen", hoping to stabilize Taiyuan people and consolidate Taiyuan city defense. When Li Jiantai, who was ordered to supervise the division, invited Fu Shan to praise the painting in front of the army, he rushed to Li Jiantai's army in Hebei Province and urged Li Jiantai to send troops to rescue Taiyuan as soon as possible. However, Li Jiantai was unable to enter Shanxi at that time. In this case, Fu Shan returned to Taiyuan to serve his mother and stay away from Jiashan.

The fact that Jiang Shan died in the peasant uprising army in the Ming Dynasty made Fu Shan feel sad and indignant. What made him even more painful was that "Hua Xia" died in "Yi Di". In troubled times, Fu Shan's thoughts changed dramatically during this period. In his book Jiashen ShouSui, he even wrote a poem that "you can die at the age of 38, and you can't die at the age of 38". As a result, Fu Shan became a Taoist.

The reason why Fu Shan was a Taoist was not to escape from reality. What he evaded was the bloody "shaving order" of the Qing government. As a firm nationalist, Fu Shan would never give up his integrity and was willing to be a obedient people under the rule of the alien people. Under the cover of the Taoist identity, he threw himself into the secret anti Qing struggle. After becoming a monk, Fu Shan wore a red Taoist robe and called himself "Taoist in Zhu Yi" to show that he did not forget the Zhu Ming Dynasty, and also called himself "Taoist in stone" to show that his anti Qing will was as strong as a stone. In addition, he used dozens of trade names, many of which contain profound anti Qing thoughts.

If Fu shansheng had a stable social environment in the peaceful and prosperous times, he could have left more works for us and made greater academic achievements. Years of secret anti Qing struggle made him unable to devote himself to academic research. On the other hand, he had to hide himself as much as possible, so that the materials spread around the world were very limited, and the research on him was not enough People have to study his vast poems to explore his mysterious whereabouts and ideological changes in recent years.

Ten years after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, song Qian, who was dispatched by the Guiwang regime of the Southern Ming Dynasty to live in the north for many years, was arrested on the eve of the anti Qing uprising and confessed to Fu Shan. As a result, Fu Shan was put into Taiyuan prison. Fu Zhi, Fu Shan's younger brother, and Fu Mei, Fu Shan's only son, were also put into prison. However, song Qian's confession was soon brought to justice, and everything he said was dead without proof. Moreover, from Song Qian's arrest to Fu Shan's imprisonment, there was a gap of more than two months, which made Fu Shan prepare as soon as possible and deal with the Qing officials calmly. Bian dashou, the magistrate of Taiyuan at that time, was a surrender official of Ming Dynasty who dug Li Zicheng's ancestral grave when he was the magistrate of Mizhi County. He admired Fu Shan's integrity and intentionally protected him with other officials of Qing Dynasty. After many trials, the Ministry of punishment, the Du Chayuan and the Dali Temple jointly reached the conclusion that song Qian "framed the case by taking revenge". Fu Shan was released after one year in prison.

After Fu Shan was released from prison, he lived in seclusion in Songzhuang, at the foot of Dongshan mountain in Taiyuan. He called himself "Songqiao" and wrote a poem that "Taiyuan people were Taiyuan overseas Chinese", in order to show that after the death of Ming Dynasty, he had become a adherent of no family and no international travel.

Near Songzhuang is Shuangta temple, a famous scenic spot in Taiyuan. Fu Shan's life was a wonderful journey, and most of the places where he studied and lived in seclusion in Taiyuan were scenic spots. The Qingyang nunnery in juiwei mountain, the red leaf cave in Duofu temple, the rainbow nest in chashishan mountain, the Yuntao cave in Jinci temple and the Tutang mountain in the northern suburb of Taiyuan all left the footprints of Fu Shan. Juiwei red leaf, crack stone cold spring, earth hall strange cypress are one of the eight scenic spots in Taiyuan, and Jinci, shuangtasi not to mention. Fu Shan is in the edification of this beautiful landscape, reading and writing in the cold window, relieving the depression in his heart, melting himself into the beauty of mountains and rivers, in order to obtain spiritual freedom and liberation.

Fu Shan's personality strength and personal charm are winning the respect of the world

Chinese PinYin : Fu Gong Ci