Jinmingchi

Jinmingchi

Jinmingchi is a famous Royal Garden in the Northern Song Dynasty, located outside Bianliang city (now Kaifeng) in Tokyo. All the buildings in the garden are water buildings, and the pool can be connected with large ships. It is a water military training ground in wartime. Zhang Zeduan's "jinmingchi battle map" depicts the scene of the water army drill in jinmingchi. Some scholars also created poems about Jin Mingchi.

Jinmingchi is an important Royal Garden in the Northern Song Dynasty, which occupies a significant position in the history of Chinese garden. Jinmingchi site is an important part of the site of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is of great significance to explore the overall layout of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty, to study the customs of Tokyo at that time, and to formulate the protection plan of the site of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Historical origin

The famous bieyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty, also known as Xichi and Jiaochi, is located outside Shuntian gate of Tokyo in the Song Dynasty. The site is located in the northwest of nanzhengmenkou village, the southwest of Tucheng village, the east of lvzhuang and the southeast of xicaitun in the west of today's Kaifeng City.

Jinmingchi was first excavated in the late Zhou Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, and was built many times by the Northern Song Dynasty. It became a royal garden with large scale, complete layout and beautiful scenery.

In the fourth year of Xiande (957) of Zhou Shizong after the Five Dynasties, an artificial lake was dug in the west of the west wall of Kaifeng outer city in order to invade the Southern Tang Dynasty, just as Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty dug Kunming pool in the west of Chang'an city to train the water army.

Zhao Kuangyin, the great ancestor of the Song Dynasty, once went boating on the lake with his envoys and set up a banquet in the dragon boat. However, the large-scale excavation and construction of it began in 976, the first year of Taiping's rejuvenation. According to the records in volume 147 of jade sea written by Wang Yinglin of the Song Dynasty, "in the first year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country, 35000 soldiers were ordered to dig a pool to draw water from Jinshui River. There are five halls of Shuixin, flying beams in the South and hundreds of steps, belonging to qionglin garden. At the beginning of March every year, he ordered the Shenwei Huyi navy to teach boats and play in the water. In the west, there are pavilions and halls in Jiaochang, or they are lucky enough to read guns, stones and crossbows. " In February of the next year, Taizong of Song Dynasty visited the construction site to inspect the situation of digging the pool, and granted 35000 servitude and death, each with thousands of money and cloth. At this time, the pool had not been repaired, and there was no name. The history books called it the new pool. In February of the third year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the state, the pool had been chiseled, and the Jinshui River was led into the pool. Taizong of Song Dynasty gave it the name of "Jinming pool". In 982, the seventh year of the Taiping reign of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty was lucky to learn about the water war. During the reign of Zhenghe, Emperor Huizong of Song dynasty built a temple in the pool, which was a place for the emperor to visit in spring and watch water plays. Jinming pool has a circumference of nine Li and thirty steps. The pool is square and neat. It is surrounded by walls and many gates. The northwest corner is the water inlet and the North back gate of the pool is the west water gate of Bianhe river. The south gate is the Lingxing gate. The south gate is opposite to Baojin building in qionglin garden, and the color building in the gate faces each other. Inside the gate, from the south bank to the center of the pool, there is a huge arch bridge, Xianqiao, which is hundreds of steps long and wide. There are three arches of the bridge, which are "red lacquer fence shield" and "wild goose pillars" at the bottom. The central part of the bridge is raised like a flying rainbow, which is called "camel rainbow". According to MengXiBiTan, "jinmingchi was excavated in 976 A.D. in the first year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the state in the Northern Song Dynasty. Its water was drawn from Jinshui River and its former site was in the west of Kaifeng City.

The excavation extended the Jinming pool to 4.5 kilometers around. In the pool, there were five halls of Water Center for the emperor to watch the water war performance. Song minqiu said in the record of withdrawing from the court in the spring and the Ming Dynasty: "Taizong dug the Jinming pool in the western suburbs, in which there was a pavilion to read the water." At this time, the water war (frolic), similar to the actual combat performance, intense and spectacular. Yuan, the author of fengchuangxiaodu in Song Dynasty, once recalled: "Yu Shao watched the water battle of jinmingchi from his family doctor. He was shocked when he saw the boat whirling and the Ge Jia shining." The water battle performer in the pool was originally the Shenwei Huyi water army. In 1013, Zhenzong selected the Jianghuai Xishui army among the army in the capital, and set up the shuihuyi army to camp beside the Jinming pool, which added a scene to the pool. In short, after the continuous construction of the Northern Song Dynasty, jinmingchi reached its peak at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and became a major scenic spot in Tokyo at that time. Meng Yuanlao, a man of the Song Dynasty, described the location, size, architectural layout and activities of the pool in detail with a volume in his Tokyo dream.

During the reign of Jingkang, with the fall of Tokyo by the Jin people, the Jinming pool was also "destroyed by the Jin soldiers", and the buildings in the pool were completely destroyed. After the death of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no one to manage the pool. In addition, in the Jin Dynasty, the bianshui river was often cut off and the water source was lost, which gradually dried up. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the Yellow River silt deposited many times. In the late Ming Dynasty, the pool was flat, so that it was not found in the record of dreams, which describes the layout of Kaifeng City at that time.

Historical description

”Around Jinming pool, there is a fairy bridge, with three rainbow on the bridge, Zhuqi Lanyi on the bridge floor, wild geese on the lower row, and Longxing in the center. It is called camel peak, like a flying rainbow. At the end of the bridge, there is Baojin tower connected with five halls, which is located in the middle of the water. The main hall is Yuyu, Xionglou, Jiege, exotic flowers and stones, rare birds and monsters, docks and docks, warships and dragon boats. Every March, jinmingchi is full of spring, peach blossom, willow green, Pink Butterflies among flowers, Orioles on trees, and residents of the capital go out to jinmingchi for an outing. Lotus roots are also planted in Jinming pool. People love to listen to the sound of the rain beating lotus leaves on rainy nights. After rain, everything is fresh and fresh, and there is a new weather, so it is called "night rain in Jinchi". At the end of the bridge, there is a group of halls, called the five halls, which is the living place of the emperor during the entertainment period. On the North Bank of Yaodui hall, there is an "aowu", also known as Longao, where the Dragon Boat stops. To the north of Xianqiao, near the east bank, there is the Linshui hall facing the north, which is the place for banquet. It is open from the first day of March to the eighth day of April every year, allowing people to visit. Along the coast, "Chuiyang dipped in water, tobacco embankment", the east bank temporary build color shed, people here to watch water opera. The environment on the West Bank is quiet, and most tourists are fishing near the bank. The Song Dynasty painting "jinmingchi winning the bid" is a vivid portrayal of the boat racing in the Royal Garden of song Bianliang. Poets Mei Yaochen, Wang Anshi and Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty all praise Jin Mingchi's poems. Jinmingchi is one of the eight scenic spots in Kaifeng in Ming Dynasty, which is called "night rain in jinmingchi". After the flood in 1642, the garden was annihilated.

Archaeological work in the new century

Since the spring of 2005, Kaifeng cultural relics team has carried out large-scale exploration in the survey area. It took four months to find out the location and scope of Jinming pool. Wang Sanying said that according to the actual measurement, the East Bank of Jinming pool is about 300 meters away from the west wall of the outer city of Tokyo. The pool is nearly square in north-south direction, with a length of about 1240 meters from east to west, a width of 1230 meters from north to south, and a circumference of 4940 meters, which roughly coincides with the historical record of "nine miles and 30 steps". The sludge at the bottom of the pond is 12.5-13.5 meters deep from the present surface, with a thickness of 0.4-0.7 meters. There are many small clam shells, individual white porcelain pieces, rotten grass and blue brick particles in the sludge. The bottom of the pool was 3-4 meters lower than the bank at that time, and the stones laid on the bank did not protrude. It may have been demolished after the Jinming pool was abandoned. In the center of the pool, at a depth of about 10 meters from the present surface, a large number of blue bricks and tiles were found, covering an area of about 400 square meters, but no building residues were found.

At the beginning of this century, the relevant departments of Kaifeng City decided to rebuild Jinming pool on the original site, and attracted Kaiyuan Group to invest in the construction of the project with favorable conditions. Not long after, the water garden, which was rebuilt on the basis of "Jinming Pool Competition map", covering an area of more than 300 mu, appeared in the golden section of the southwest corner of Jinming square in Kaifeng City. The dream of a thousand years reappeared overnight. The long-awaited Kaifeng citizens came to see the elegant style of the royal garden. However, after a few years, many citizens regretfully find that the park in their mind is getting farther and farther away from the citizens. Mr. Chen is one of them. He, who lives nearby, has come here for morning exercises and walks all the year round, witnessing the evolution of the park. Mr. Chen told reporters that the whole jinmingchi project is actually divided into four parts: a five-star hotel in the north of the lake, a high-end residential area in the west, a large shopping mall under construction in the East, and jinmingchi Park in the south. In this jinmingchi Park, the main landscapes in the park, including Baojin building, Shuixin hall and Dongxi sub building, have been closed to the public. "Baojin building has been used as a sales office for a long time. Shuixin hall has never been opened. The East sub building was converted into a teahouse two years ago, and the only remaining West sub building was transformed into a beauty salon two months ago. Now the grass is the only one we can get close to! Is this still the jinmingchi in our mind? " Reporter's visit: public buildings have changed to confirm Mr. Chen's words. On July 23, the reporter visited jinmingchi park. Before entering the park, the reporter saw a large sales advertisement standing at the gate of the park, and the landmark building of the whole park, Baojin building, was located here. The whole building has seven floors, ten meters high, elegant and dignified, grand atmosphere, high platform flat seat, cornice and bucket arch. The reporter can't help but want to go inside and look into the distance. With the Xuan Linfeng, he was stopped by the construction workers in the building. The workers told the reporter that the building has been used as a sales office for a long time since it was built, and it has been closed to tourists for several years. Now the house is sold out, and it will be used as an exhibition place. Now it is being decorated, so no admittance is allowed. Similar to this is the water center hall on the island in the middle of the lake. When the reporter arrived, he found that the arch bridge connecting the lakeshore and the island in the center of the lake was sealed by a wall, so visitors could only stop in front of the wall. People who came here to visit told reporters that this wall has been built for a long time, and the famous group of water buildings in the "Jinming pool" has been waiting for words

Chinese PinYin : Jin Ming Chi