Guangming Hall

Da Guang Ming Dian

synonym

Guangming hall generally refers to the great Guangming hall

The former site of Da Guangming hall is located in the Taoist temple to the south of Xi'anmen street and the west of Guangming Hutong in Xicheng District of Beijing. It was first built in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and has been under construction for more than 450 years. Later, during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, after reconstruction and renovation, it became a special Taoist temple for the royal family.

Later, it was destroyed in the war of aggression against China.

Development history

According to the records of Ming Shizong, "the great Guangming hall was built in November 1557, the 36th year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty.". The base of the Great Hall of light is the Longevity Palace in the early Ming Dynasty.

It was rebuilt in 1733 (the 11th year of Yongzheng) and again in 1773 (the 38th year of Qianlong).

In the spring of the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the boxers set up an altar to practice boxing in the great Guangming hall. In August of the same year, after the Allied forces of the eight countries invaded Beijing, they set fire to the Great Hall of light and its affiliated buildings.

Today, the former site of the Great Hall of light is located in the courtyard of the State Administration of organ affairs. There is still a wall in the northwest corner of the compound, which is suspected to be the wall of the great Guangming hall.

Main attractions

According to the records of rixia Jiuwen Kao, "the gate of the great Guangming hall faces east. It is called Dengfeng, Guangfu, Guanghe, Guangning, and the double gate is called Yugong, yuezhaoxiang, and Ningrui. The front hall is the great Guangming hall, the left Taishi hall and the right Taichu hall. There are Xuanen Pavilion, Shezhi Pavilion, Yiyang Pavilion and Wanxian Pavilion. The back door is Yongji, Zuo'an and You'an. Taiji hall, dongtongzong hall, xizongdao hall. Five of them were destroyed in the 30th year of Wanli (1602). Later, there was Tianyuan Pavilion, and then there was "baozuo". It was rebuilt in 1733. It was rebuilt in 1773.

According to the complete picture of the capital of Qianlong, the structure of the Great Hall of light after reconstruction in 1773 is as follows:

The Great Hall of light faces south in the north, but the main gate, Dengfeng gate, faces east in the West.

Dengfeng gate: sitting on the alley of Guangming hall, facing east, is the main gate of the great Guangming hall.

Dressing Hall: a unique courtyard, located in the northeast corner of Dengfeng gate.

Guangfu gate: located in Dengfeng gate, facing south.

Guanghe gate and Guangning gate are on the East and west sides of Guangfu gate.

Lingguan Hall: located in the east of Guangfu gate.

Jianzhai Hall: located in the west of Guangfu gate.

Yugong gate: located in the north of Guangfu gate.

Zhaoxiang gate and Ningrui gate are on the East and west sides of Yugong gate.

Da Guang Ming Dian

Located in the north of Yugong gate, it is the main building in the whole building complex, and its shape is like the shrinking Temple of heaven praying for new year. There are three layers of white marble round base in the great Guangming hall. Each layer has a guard post and a watch post, under which there are drainage nozzles. The Da Guang Ming hall is round, several feet high, with a yellow glazed tile round dust collecting roof, double roof (the temple of heaven praying for the new year hall is triple roof), and a plaque of "Da Guang Ming hall" hanging between the upper and lower eaves. In the hall, there is a seven treasure Yunlong memorial tablet dedicated to the Jade Emperor. In the Qing Dynasty, the plaque in the center of the hall said "Hongjun Guangyun", the couplet said "Fu Yu Pu is private, Mu ran hangs down the image; Jian Lin Zhao is magnificent, just like upgrading. "Couplet" and "Hongjun Guangyun" plaque were written by Emperor Qianlong.

Taishi Hall: the east side hall of Da Guangming Hall

Taichu Hall: the west side hall of Da Guangming Hall

Xuanen Pavilion: located in the southeast of the Great Hall of light. Xuanen Pavilion and Xiangzhi Pavilion were rebuilt as Bell and drum towers in Qing Dynasty

Xiangzhi Pavilion: it is located in the southwest of the Great Hall of light. Xuanen Pavilion and Xiangzhi Pavilion were rebuilt as Bell and drum towers in Qing Dynasty

Yiyang Pavilion: located in the northeast of the Great Hall of light

Wanxian Pavilion: located in the northwest of the Great Hall of light

Yongji gate: located on the north side of the great Guangming hall. Zuo'anmen and you'anmen: on the East and west sides of Yongji gate.

Taiji Hall

The hall is dedicated to "three Qing Dynasties and four emperors". The three Qing Dynasties are the first heaven of Yuqing Dynasty, the heaven of Lingbao in Shangqing Dynasty and the heaven of morality in Taiqing Dynasty. The four emperors are the supreme Jade Emperor of Haotian Jinque, the emperor of Zhongtian Ziwei Arctic, the emperor of Shangguan, and Chengtian following the example of Tuhuang dizhi. In the hall, the forehead says "Taichu Sihua", and the couplet is "Yuanqi Huihan three, Shangqing tongqi; Daoyuan four, and the control." They were all written by Emperor Qianlong. Taiji hall has five original temples, namely, the imperial teacher hall, Jide hall, shoushengju, Fuzhen rest and Luxian room, all of which were destroyed in the 30th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty.

< I Tongzong Hall: the east side hall of Taiji Hall

< ijongdao Hall: the west side hall of Taiji Hall

< I Sanxing Hall: located in the east of Taiji hall, it was built in the Qing Dynasty

< I Sanhuang Hall: located in the west of Taiji hall, it was built in the Qing Dynasty

Tianyuan Pavilion: two storey building. In the Ming Dynasty, the title was "elucidating yuan and protecting Zuo". In the Qing Dynasty, the title of Emperor Qianlong's imperial pen was "tracing the source of Shenmiao", and the couplet was "Yuehua nurtures virtue and fortune; queyu communicates with spirit and harmonizes with Fuli". The lower level worshiped "nine days should be the thunder of Yuan Dynasty to popularize Tianzun". The title is "Guhua Zhiheng". The antithetical couplet is "Yu Xuanshi Zaiyang order; Jiezuo zirunwu."

Tzu Chi Hall: the east side hall of Tianyuan Pavilion, built in the Qing Dynasty

Ciyou Hall: the west side hall of Tianyuan Pavilion, built in the Qing Dynasty

< I Abbot: in the Qing Dynasty, the imperial master Hall of the Ming Dynasty was transformed into three "abbots", the residence of the abbot of the Great Hall of light.

Anecdotes in essays

Pledge of support

It is said that in the early Qing Dynasty, Emperor Shunzhi had a short life. Before his death, he was worried that his royal highness was still small, so he couldn't drive his crane to the West for a long time. He had to struggle to entrust the future affairs. At that time, the emperor Shunzhi, who was dying, called Sony, suksaha, ebilong and aobai to his couch in front of the ministers, and entrusted the ministers to assist the young Kangxi Emperor Dali with one heart and one mind. The sad situation also moved the onlookers to sob. It is said that when the four ministers were in danger, in order to appreciate the kindness of the former Emperor, they made an appointment to come to the Great Hall of light. They knelt down in front of the statue of heaven, and then burned incense and swore, "Heaven can learn from us. We will be loyal, live and die together, assist the young emperor, and serve the imperial government.".

Destroyed by war

In the spring of the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the boxers set up altars in Hongren Temple (zhantan Temple) and Da Guangming hall to practice boxing. These two altars then became the backup strongholds for the boxers to attack Xishiku church. At the same time, the suspects of "Er Mao Zi" (foreigners) captured by the boxers were all concentrated in the two altars to "burn the table to show their heart". If the table could not be "lit" (that is, the flame could not be ejected through the air when burning the sparse table) or the "main incense" (that is, when burning a high incense, all the incense sticks would not melt), it was confirmed that the person was "Er Mao Zi" There is no amnesty. These two altars became the core of the old boxer group. In August of the same year, after the Allied forces of the eight countries invaded Beijing, they immediately occupied the two altars. In order to retaliate, the Eight Allied forces set fire to zhantan temple, Da Guangming hall and its affiliated buildings.

other

The Great Hall of light served as the Royal altar of Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the map meeting of local scenic spots in Tang Dynasty written by Okada Yushan of Japan, "during the reign of emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty (Jiajing), immortal Tao made gold here." According to Volume 42 of rixiajiuwen Kao, "on the second day of the first month of the 17th year of Chongzhen, the emperor prayed for grain in the Guangming hall." In the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court also sent internal Taoist guards to guard the great Guangming hall. In Volume 42 of rixiajiuwen Kao, Emperor Qianlong's poem "emperor Guangming Palace" was published, which said: "today's Sanqing Dynasty is the base of Wanshou in the former dynasty. Tongjianwei Hubao, Qingdian cover Fu en. He Li Millennium cypress, Yun Ning five color Zhi. Yao stage cut jade, Bao Xiang Fan Jin for. Do you admire immortality? But when we pray for rain, we will be vigilant and selfless. "

As a special Royal altar, although the scale of Da Guangming hall is not comparable to the Imperial Palace and the summer palace in the Imperial City, as a royal family temple, its golden roof rafter ridge is also incomparable with other mountain temples. It has great ornamental value and archaeological value, and there are more than 121500 Scripture editions of Zhengtong daocang and Wanli xudaocang of Ming Dynasty, which have been kept since Ming Dynasty. All of these were annihilated with fly ash in a big fire.

"Yandu zayong" describes that "guiding Guangming palace was Renshou palace in those years. The rabbit mountain is gone, the grass is long and the wall is red. "

Address: gujianshan, Qijiang District, Chongqing

Longitude: 106.6134155383

Latitude: 28.968719033

Chinese PinYin : Guang Ming Dian