Shaanxi History Museum

"Give me one day and give you ten thousand years.". There are more than 370000 cultural relics in the collection, ranging from the simple stone tools used in the initial stage of ancient human beings to all kinds of artifacts in social life before 1840, with a time span of more than one million years. Among them, the bronze wares of Shang and Zhou dynasties are exquisite, the pottery figurines of past dynasties are various, the gold and silver wares of Han and Tang Dynasties are unique in China, and the murals of Tang tombs are unparalleled in the world. The museum condensed the essence of China's history and displayed the ancient Chinese civilization and the historical palace of Shaanxi.

Shaanxi History Museum

Shaanxi History Museum, China's first large-scale modern national museum, the first batch of China's "AAAA" tourist attractions, known as the "Pearl of the ancient capital, treasure house of China.". Located at 91 Xiaozhai East Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, northwest of Dayan Pagoda. 171795 cultural relics in collection (Group)

Among them, there are 762 first-class cultural relics (groups) and 18 national treasure level cultural relics (groups), of which 2 are among the first batch of cultural relics that are prohibited from going abroad for exhibition, ranking in the forefront of China Museum.

The appearance of the building of Shaanxi History Museum highlights the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chang'an has been the imperial capital since ancient times. In history, thirteen feudal dynasties, including Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties, built their capitals here, with rich underground and ground cultural relics, forming a unique historical and cultural landscape of Shaanxi.

The predecessor of Shaanxi History Museum is Shaanxi History Museum, which was established in June 1944. It was renamed northwest history museum in 1950, northwest history museum in 1952 and Shaanxi Museum in June 1955. In 1983, according to the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai before his death, the construction of the new museum began. In the summer of 1986, the ground was broken, and it was officially completed and opened on June 20, 1991

. The Museum covers an area of 65000 square meters. The building area is 55600 square meters, the cultural relic reservoir area is 8000 square meters, and the exhibition hall area is 11000 square meters. The cultural relics in the collection range from the simple stone tools used in the initial stage of ancient human beings to all kinds of artifacts in social life before 1840, with a time span of more than one million years. Cultural relics are not only large in quantity and variety, but also of high grade and wide value.

In 2008, Shaanxi History Museum was rated as a national first-class Museum, and in 2009, it was identified as a national key Museum jointly built by central and local governments. In 2016, Shaanxi History Museum was selected as "China's 20th century architectural heritage" by China cultural relics society and China Architectural Society

. In December 2017, it was selected into the list of the first batch of national primary and secondary school students' research and practice education bases of the Ministry of education.

Development history

The predecessor of Shaanxi History Museum is Shaanxi History Museum.

In June 1944, the Shaanxi provincial government established the Shaanxi Provincial History Museum by using the historical relics collected in Xi'an stele forest and Xijing library, the craft exhibits of Xi'an People's education Museum, and various cultural relics collected by the former archaeological society.

On May 20, 1949, Xi'an was liberated and Shaanxi Provincial History Museum was accepted by the government of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region.

In May 1950, it was under the management of the northwest region and was renamed the northwest Museum of historical relics.

In January 1952, it was renamed northwest history museum.

In March 1953, the northwest history museum demolished the partition between the stele forest and the Confucius Temple, and officially expanded the Confucius Temple into a museum area.

In June 1955, due to the cancellation of the northwest region, the northwest history museum was managed by the Shaanxi provincial government, and its name was changed to Shaanxi Provincial Museum.

In 1963, the new Xi'an stone carving art room of Shaanxi Provincial Museum was officially opened to the public. Since then, historical exhibition, carving art and stele forest have become the three permanent exhibitions of Shaanxi Provincial Museum. With the development of cultural relics and Archaeology in Shaanxi Province, by the 1970s, the collection of cultural relics in Shaanxi Provincial Museum had reached hundreds of thousands.

When Premier Zhou Enlai visited Shaanxi in 1973, he felt the rich cultural relic resources and the small and crude situation of the existing museums in Shaanxi, and proposed that a new museum should be built in Shaanxi.

In 1983, Shaanxi Provincial History Museum was established, which is a key construction project of the national "Seventh Five Year Plan". In view of Shaanxi's position in Chinese history, the state and Shaanxi Provincial Government jointly invested 144 million yuan to build Shaanxi History Museum. Zhang Jinqiu, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering and famous architect, is responsible for the design of Shaanxi History Museum.

On the morning of June 20, 1991, the opening ceremony of Shaanxi History Museum was solemnly held in front of the exhibition hall. Shaanxi History Museum, China's first national large-scale modern museum, was officially opened. Its completion marks that China's museum industry has entered a new development milestone

. The basic exhibition of local history in Shaanxi, the real exhibition of murals in the tomb of the Tang Dynasty, and the exhibition of cultural relics of Zhao Ling are exhibited at the same time.

architectural composition

The appearance of the building of Shaanxi History Museum highlights the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The building is composed of a group of Tang style buildings, such as monument pool, main hall, reservoir area, southeast corner tower, southwest corner tower, temporary exhibition hall, administrative room and business room.

Shaanxi History Museum is located at Cuihua intersection of Xiaozhai East Road in Xi'an city. Its advantages are that it has a whole place, surrounded by roads, and is located at the intersection of urban trunk roads. It is close to the city center and has convenient transportation. At the same time, it is only about 1km away from the Dayan Pagoda Qujiang Scenic spot. On the Urban Tourism Road, it has a good line of sight with the big and small Yan pagodas, especially because there is no relocation task on this land The main road nearby has urban pipe network facilities, which is convenient for engineering. But its disadvantage is that the land is a little limited, there is little room for development, as a large public building, there is a lack of public square or public green space. According to the above-mentioned site conditions and the functional requirements of the modern museum, the buildings of the museum adopt a relatively concentrated and compact layout.

The museum architecture fully embodies the design idea of Zhang Jinqiu, a master designer, that "the technology has reached the international level, and the architectural art has become a symbol of a long history and splendid culture". It highlights the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and reflects the broad and glorious era of the Tang Dynasty. In terms of layout design, it draws lessons from the characteristics of Chinese palace architecture such as "axis alignment, master-slave order, central palace and four corner Chonglou". The whole building has distinct primary and secondary, scattered and concentrated, highlighting the simple and dignified style, creating an atmosphere of combining ancient imperial palace with traditional garden, reappearing the style of integrating traditional culture with modern science and technology, showing the spatial composition characteristics of Chinese traditional palace architecture "Taiji center, in all directions", as well as the "beyond image" that has been infiltrated into Chinese space consciousness for thousands of years The philosophy of the Oriental universe "from the center of the universe".

Exhibition

overview

Shaanxi History Museum is a comprehensive historical museum. Since the opening of the museum, various forms of exhibitions have been held to reveal the rich cultural connotations of historical relics and the profound civilization achievements of the Chinese nation from multiple perspectives and sides.

The Museum covers an area of 65000 square meters and a building area of 55600 square meters. The cultural relics reservoir area is 8000 square meters, the exhibition hall area is more than 11600 square meters, and the total length of exhibition line is 2300 meters. The whole exhibition is divided into preface hall, basic exhibition, special exhibition, temporary exhibition and the central hall which has been opened as an international gallery.

Shaanxi ancient civilization, the basic display of Shaanxi History Museum, was officially opened in March 2008. Taking the historical process as a clue, typical cultural relics of various times are selected for combined display to reveal the development of ancient social civilization in Shaanxi. The exhibition hall covers an area of 4600 square meters and consists of three exhibition rooms, which are divided into seven parts (prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties). More than 2000 pieces of precious cultural relics are selected, including colorful pottery plates reflecting the life scenes and artistic pursuits of ancient ancestors, bronze wares reflecting the rise and prosperity of Zhou people, and the momentum of the unification of the Qin Dynasty and the six harmonies Bronze swords, Jingji, soldiers and horses, as well as steel building components and large-scale tiles that show the spirit of the rise of the Qin and Han Dynasties, as well as exquisite Tang Dynasty gold and silver wares and Tang tricolor that reflect the prosperity of the feudal prosperous times, with auxiliary exhibits such as site models, charts and photos. It systematically shows the ancient history of Shaanxi from 1.15 million years ago to 1840. As the capital of Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties in ancient China was established in Shaanxi, the exhibition focuses on these periods, which not only reflects the splendid ancient culture of Shaanxi, but also reflects the highest level of China's social, economic and cultural development in these periods.

As a comprehensive history museum, the display of Shaanxi History Museum is mainly divided into three parts: basic display, special display and temporary display. The basic display is the ancient history of Shaanxi. It divides the ancient history of Shaanxi into seven parts: Prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. With about 2000 cultural relics, it systematically shows the development process of Shaanxi from the early Paleolithic Lantian people to the Opium war for more than one million years.

Special exhibition is a kind of irregular exhibition with strong academic and professional characteristics and around a certain theme.

Temporary display is the basic display and display

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