Gongyi kiln site

Gongyi kiln site

In fact, it is a general name for a series of porcelain kiln sites on both sides of the Baihe River, about 5 kilometers east of Gongyi City, Henan Province. Porcelain kilns have been found in shuidihe village, Baihe Village, tiejianglu village, dahuangye village and xiaohuangye village along both sides of the Baihe River. The first one is the Tang Sancai kiln located in dahuangye village and xiaohuangye village in the lower reaches of the Baihe River. In 2001, Huangye Sancai kiln was listed as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. Five years later, in 2006, the State Council once again announced other kiln sites on both sides of the Baihe River as national key cultural relics protection units, and merged them with Huangye Sancai kiln site and renamed them Gongyi kiln site.

Gongyi kiln site

Gongyi kiln site was first burned in the Northern Dynasty, developed in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and declined in the song and Jin Dynasties.

Early production of celadon, Sui Dynasty began to produce white porcelain, the Tang Dynasty mainly produced white porcelain, in addition to the production of black glaze, yellow glaze porcelain, tricolor porcelain.

Three color porcelain is a highlight of Gongyi kiln site. In history, the origin of Tang Sancai is generally said to be Xi'an, Luoyang and Yangzhou, but only Luoyang was found in 2012 (Note: Gongyi belongs to Luoyang in Tang Dynasty).

The white porcelain found in Gongyi kiln site is thin and firm, pure white and lustrous. Its thin white porcelain is translucent, which is comparable to Jingdezhen white porcelain in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It provides material materials for the study of the origin and development of Chinese white porcelain. There is a record about the tribute white porcelain in Henan Province in the new book of Tang geography. The origin of Kaiyuan tribute white porcelain is probably the Gongyi kiln site today.

Gongyi kiln site may also be the birthplace of blue and white porcelain. The research on the origin of blue and white porcelain has always been the focus of academic circles. In recent years, the archaeological excavation data of Gongyi kiln site show that a lot of cobalt blue glazed porcelain specimens with white glaze dotted with blue color were found in the strata and ash pits in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, which provides an important material basis for the origin and firing of blue and white porcelain. What is important is that the blue and white porcelain unearthed in the strata of the late Tang Dynasty is consistent with the age of the three blue and white porcelain found in the Tang city site of Yangzhou and the sunken ship Heishi. Thus, it once again promoted the research of blue and white porcelain in China to a newer and deeper field.

Current situation

Gongyi kiln site is one of the national key cultural relics protection units, and also one of the 100 major cultural relics protected by the State Administration of cultural relics and the Ministry of finance during the "Eleventh Five Year Plan", which is also the "key project" of the State Administration of cultural relics and the Ministry of Finance in recent years.

As for the name of Gongyi kiln site, there was no unified name in the cultural relics circle before. In addition to the name of Huangye Tang Sancai kiln site because of its early research and excavation, other names include Gongyi porcelain kiln site, Gongyi porcelain kiln site, Gongyi Sancai kiln site, and some special names for certain parts, such as Baihe porcelain kiln site, xiaohuangye village, dahuangye Village kiln site, etc. In 2006, when the State Council announced the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units, the above names were merged and named "Gongyi kiln site". Gongyi kiln site is not a kiln, but a series of folk kilns located 5 kilometers east of Gongyi City and on both sides of Baihe River, including Huangye Sancai kiln site which was once listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Huangye kiln, located in the big and small Huangye villages, was first discovered. As the origin of Tang Sancai, it has been paid attention to for a long time. Later, the kilns were found in shuidihe village, Baihe Village and blacksmith furnace village. In view of the similarity of the architectural structure and the relevance of the product technology of these kilns, they were named Gongyi kilns as a whole and merged into the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Address: on both sides of Baihe River, about 5km east of Gongyi City, Zhengzhou City

Longitude: 113.046787

Latitude: 34.770379

Chinese PinYin : Gong Yi Yao Zhi