Relic pagoda of ancient Buddha

Tiancheng Temple relic tower

synonym

The relic pagoda of ancient Buddha generally refers to the relic pagoda of Tiancheng temple

Tiancheng Temple relic tower is also known as ancient Buddha relic tower. Located at the foot of Cuiping mountain in the north of lianhualing, Panshan, Jixian County, on the west side of the main hall of Tiancheng temple, next to Feibo stream. It was first built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in 1111-1120, the first ten years of Tianqing period of Liao Dynasty. It was rebuilt in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty. It was burned by Japanese invaders in 1942. In 1980, it was rebuilt with tongduo and Tasha.

brief introduction

Tiancheng temple, formerly known as Fushan temple, also known as "Tiancheng Dharma Realm", is a key scenic spot in Panshan tourist area. The front of the temple is Cuiping peak. In front of the temple, there are two Ginkgo trees, 25 meters high and 3.1 meters in chest circumference, which are more than 800 years old. The temple was first built ominously. Because there is a pagoda base of monk Puhua in the west of the temple, and the monk Puhua was born in the Tang Dynasty, it is suspected that the temple was built in the Tang Dynasty. Liao, Ming and Qing dynasties have been expanded and rebuilt. Stepping into the gate of the temple, you can see the pavilion at a glance of rivers and mountains. Emperor Qianlong himself inscribed "at a glance of rivers and mountains". The pavilion faces jianbeiyan, with five couplets, carved beams and painted buildings. The relic pagoda of ancient Buddha stands in the west of the main hall of Tiancheng temple. It is a pagoda with dense eaves. The light yellow body of the tower is 22.63 meters high and 3.38 meters long. It is octagonal and 13 layers. The base of the tower is composed of granite xumizuo and three layers of upside down lotus. The front of the tower has a door and a built-in niche. There are embossed windows on the side and brick arches on the eaves. There are three relic pagodas in Panshan. In addition, there are the relic pagoda of dingguang Buddha and the relic pagoda of Duobao Buddha (the relic is the true bone of the Buddha. Although the flame can't be turned into ashes and the smoke can't cover the color, it's hard to move. What's the difference? It is also because it is smoked by the virtue and power of Buddha. Up to now, there are still survivors, including master Fugong's pagoda.

build

The relic pagoda of ancient Buddha was built in Liao Dynasty and rebuilt in Ming Dynasty. When it was rebuilt, it was found that there were stone letters, relics and Buddha statues in the tower. The tower is 22.63 meters high, 3.38 meters long and 13 stories octagonal. The tower base is composed of granite xumizuo and three layers of inverted lotus. There are doors on the front of the tower, niches built in, and embossed windows on the side. There are 104 copper bells hanging on the eaves. The mountain wind is blowing slowly, and there is a sound of Ding Dang. In front of the tower, there is an ancient cypress more than 1000 years old, which is the oldest tree in Tianjin. In the west of the tower, there is the spirit tower of elder chegong monk. There is "good snake cave" under the tower. It is said that there are 72 snakes protecting the tower. To the west of the tower is the Feibo stream. Jianxi can lead to fuqingling. To the east of Dacheng temple, there is a stone cave of Meixian temple on the hillside. Along the mountain road on the side of the cave, you can reach the top of Cuiping peak, overlooking the panoramic view of Tiancheng temple.

Layout inside the tower

The pagoda has 13 stories of octagonal eaves and is 22.63 meters high. Each eaves hanging copper duo, a total of 104, the wind blowing bell ring sweet. The base of the tower is composed of granite xumizuo and three layers of brick carving with lotus on its back. In the south of the tower, there is a rectangular door with built-in niches; in the East, West and North, there are brick doors; in the four sides, there are relief windows. It has a bucket arch on it. The corner column head is made of single copy and five layers. The bucket arch is filled between the columns to form an inclined arch. All of them are wood like brick carvings. It is supported by 13 layers of high dense eaves, which are built by overlapping bricks, and the eaves are collected layer by layer. The tower body and the outer edge of the eaves are slightly inward, with beautiful and dignified shapes. There are three relic pagodas in Panshan. In addition, there are the relic pagoda of dingguang Buddha and the relic pagoda of Duobao Buddha (the relic is the true bone of the Buddha. Although the flame can't be turned into ashes and the smoke can't cover the color, it's hard to move. What's the difference? It is also because it is smoked by the virtue and power of Buddha. Up to now, there are still survivors, including master Fugong's pagoda. The pagoda is decorated with light yellow, which complements Tiancheng temple and Cuiping peak.

Cosmology

The temple architecture deliberately blurs the internal and external space, and pays attention to the mutual transformation of indoor and outdoor space. The hall, doors and windows, pavilions and verandahs are open to the outside, forming a flexible and transparent effect of emptiness, reality, movement and stagnation. The vague and changeable space consciousness is deeply related to the Chinese cosmology of the unity of heaven and man and the transformation of yin and Yang. "The universe is said from all directions, and the universe is said from ancient times to the present." the infinity of space and time is the universe. The original meaning of the word "Yu" is the eaves of the house, the infinite space, and of course, the heaven and earth are the Lu. This view of the universe brings heaven and earth closer to the heart of the people, and man and nature are closely related. The concept of "Taking heaven and earth as the Lu" has existed for a long time. "A man should be in harmony with heaven and earth in virtue, and with the sun and the moon in brightness" (Yi · qiangua · classical Chinese), "heaven and earth coexist with me, and all things are one with me" (Zhuangzi · Qi Wu Lun), "great music and heaven and earth coexist, great ceremony and heaven and earth coexist" (Yue Ji · Le Lun Pian) ）In Dong Zhongshu's Chunqiu Fanlu, the harmony between heaven, earth and human is a great harmony, so "music", an art, should embody this harmony. Therefore, there are so many outdoor spaces in China's temple complex. It does not exclude nature, but includes it. The "ancient temples hidden in the mountains" are introverted. In fact, actively integrating oneself with nature is another way of self affirmation: the temple is not only hidden in the mountains, but also becomes a part of the mountains. "Tuoti is the same as the mountain". The integration of architecture and nature is the embodiment of the unity of heaven and man. This is why temples in China are often located in famous mountains and secluded forests.

chinese temple

Temple -- China's art treasure house, it is the symbol of China's long history and culture. In a broad sense, temples are not only related to Buddhism. But in Buddhism, there are many kinds of appellations for temples, such as "Temple". At first, it did not refer to Buddhist temples. Since the Qin Dynasty, official houses have been called temples. In the Han Dynasty, the place where the eminent monks from the West lived was also called the temple. Since then, "Temple" has gradually become the special name of Chinese Buddhist architecture. "Temple" is a new name for Buddhist architecture after Buddhism spread to China. Such as Baima temple, Dazhao temple, etc. Besides, Ru'an is the temple where nuns live. There are also grottoes, which are carved on the cliff, a form of early Buddhist architecture. This form was often used in early Indian Buddhist temples. There are two forms of Buddhist grottoes in India. One is a small square cave with a front door and three niches for monks to practice in the niches. The other is Zhiti cave with a large area. There is a pagoda in the middle of the cave and in front of the pagoda for believers to worship Buddha. In Mongolian, "Temple" is called "call". Such as Da Zhao, Wu Dang Zhao, etc. In addition, it is called Potala Palace, Putuo Zongcheng temple, etc

In Taoism, there are many appellations for Temples: at the beginning of Taoism, its religious organizations and places of activities were all called "governance". Also known as "Lu", "Jing", also known as Jingbao. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, the activity place of Taoism was called xianguan. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the place of Taoist activities was called "Guan", which means watching the stars and Qi. In the Tang Dynasty, because the emperor recognized Lao Tzu as his ancestor, and the emperor's residence was called "Palace", so Taoist architecture was also called "Palace". Others are called "Yuan" and "Ci", such as Manjusri temple and Bixia temple. Confucianists call it "Temple", "Palace" and "altar", such as Confucius Temple, Confucian temple, Yonghe palace, Temple of heaven, etc. Islam calls it "Temple", such as mosque. Catholics call it "the church.". In the primitive or folk, it is called "Temple" or "ancestral temple", such as the place where ancestors, gods and Buddhas or sages of the previous generation were worshipped in the old times. They are Taimiao, Zhongyue, Xiyue, Nanyue, Beiyue and daimiao. Such as ancestral temple, ancestral hall (ancestral temple), Wuhou Temple, Hanwen temple, etc

Temple culture is a complete preservation of the historical relics of various dynasties in China. Temples and related facilities account for about half of the national cultural relics protection units announced by the state. It is worthy of being called "the safe of historical relics". The combination of temple architecture and traditional palace architecture has distinctive national style and folk characteristics. At the same time, temple culture has penetrated into all aspects of our life, such as astronomy, geography, architecture, painting, calligraphy, sculpture, music, dance, cultural relics, temple fair, folk custom and so on. The annual temple fair is in full swing, which not only enriches the cultural atmosphere, but also promotes the development of local tourism

Scenery in front of the temple

Walking four or five miles west from the martyrs' cemetery in Panshan, you can walk into the tall archway engraved with "the first mountain in East Beijing", which is the place of population in Panshan tourist area. Through the small bridge on Feibo stream, you can see two lines of inscriptions on the Western Cliff: "sizhengmenjing" and "Mingru entering the valley". It tells people that this is the entrance to Panshan (also known as Sizheng mountain), from which the emperors and dignitaries of those years came into the valley. Then, after a thousand year old pine tree, you can go up the mountain road to the key scenic spots of Tiancheng temple and the ancient Buddha relic tower. Tiancheng temple was built in Tang Dynasty. "Preface to Tiancheng Temple poetry" says: "there are buildings at the gate of the temple. Looking down at the foot of the mountain, it's as if the deep lane is crooked, and there are many springs and terraces. If you look out into the distance, you will see a picture of nature. " The name of the temple is heaven

It means "painting". Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty visited Tiancheng temple. Qianlong traveled the most, and his double monk became a monk here. If you are lucky in the Peach Blossom Festival from the first day of March to the 15th, monks and people will pay homage to the emperor. To the east of the temple gate is a two-story woyun building with six Ying high ridge eaves. In rainy weather, white clouds pass through the building or hide the building, so it is named. At the foot of the hill opposite the building, there is the site of a small stage. It was the place where Emperor Qianlong used troupes and musicians to perform when he was resting in woyunlou. Walking into the gate of the temple, there is a pavilion with carved beams and painted buildings. The pavilion leads to the winding corridor in the courtyard. Walking through three halls and climbing on the Cantai, it is an open courtyard surrounded by mountains on three sides. In the courtyard, there is a main hall with bright red pillars

Chinese PinYin : Gu Fo She Li Ta