Baxianshan Nature Reserve

Tianjin Baxianshan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Baxianshan Nature Reserve generally refers to Tianjin Baxianshan National Nature Reserve

Baxianshan National Nature Reserve is located in Jixian County, Tianjin, covering an area of 1049 hectares. It was established with the approval of Tianjin Municipal People's Government in 1984 and named as "Tianjin Baxianshan National Nature Reserve" by the State Council in November 1995. On November 22, 1999, it was approved as one of the first national popular science education bases by the National Association for science and technology. The main protection object is secondary forest ecosystem.

Historical evolution

The formation of Baxianshan is the Changcheng series quartzite deposited by the ancient sea from 1.4 billion to 1.8 billion years ago. By 100 million years ago, a great geological phenomenon appeared in Yanshan Area: Yanshan movement fault, fold and uplift, showing the appearance of mountainous area, and the landform of Baxian Mountain was basically formed.

Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty sent Mr. Feng Shui to the vicinity of Changrui mountain for a hike because there was no good cave to choose from in Tianshou mountain.

In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), Shunzhi took a fancy to the treasure land of Dongling, but did not build the imperial mausoleum during his reign. The emperor's mausoleum was built in Kangxi period. The Qing Dynasty also built six royal tombs at the foot of Huanghua Mountain near Baxian Mountain and behind shitouying village.

In 1910, the Qing government was unable to pay for the guards of the Dongling mausoleum, so it announced that "Fengshui forbidden area of the Dongling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty" was lifted, and "forest was used instead of pay". Wood merchants from all over the world flocked to Baxian Mountain and the surrounding forests for predatory logging. In this historic disaster, the primeval forest of Baxian Mountain was severely damaged.

Baxianshan area is one of the revolutionary bases in Eastern Hebei Province with high mountains, dense forests and few people.

In the Anti Japanese War, Baxian Mountain used its natural barrier to protect the Eighth Route Army and the common people. It was the beacon tower of the Anti Japanese front line. And the Japanese aggressors also took this place as the focus of bombing, so that the forest of Baxian Mountain, which was already full of holes, was looted by artillery fire.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Jixian state-owned forest farm was established in 1955 in Baxian Mountain area, and the forest ecosystem and environment of Baxian Mountain were gradually restored after more than 40 years of forest cultivation and maintenance, forming a rare natural secondary forest area with original forest characteristics in North China.

In December 1984, with the approval of Tianjin Municipal People's government, baxianzhui natural secondary forest ecological nature reserve in Jixian County was established. From 1984 to 1988, Tianjin Municipal People's government organized relevant scientists to carry out a four-year resource investigation and comprehensive survey of Baxian Mountain.

In April 1990, with the approval of Tianjin Municipal People's government, Baxianzhuozi Nature Reserve was upgraded to a municipal nature reserve. In July 1991, the nature reserve was renamed as Baxianshan Nature Reserve in Jixian County, Tianjin.

In November 1995, after a lot of investigation and demonstration, the State Council made a decision to name Baxianshan Nature Reserve as "Baxianshan National Nature Reserve", covering an area of 5360 hectares, and determined the positioning of Baxianshan in nature protection, science research and tourism resources.

On June 1, 1996, Baxianshan National Nature Reserve was officially opened to tourists.

On November 22, 1999, it was approved as one of the first national popular science education bases by the National Association for science and technology.

geographical environment

position

Baxianshan National Forest Ecological Nature Reserve is located 30 kilometers to the east of Jixian City, in the heart of Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan and Chengde. It is adjacent to the magnificent East Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty in the East, the magnificent Huangyaguan Great Wall in the west, the rippling Cuiping Lake in the South and the magnificent Wuling mountain in the north.

climate

The Nature Reserve belongs to the warm temperate monsoon continental climate zone. The annual average temperature is 8-10 ℃, the average temperature in July is 23.4 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 34.5 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 7.2 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 21 ℃, and the number of days when the annual average daily temperature is above 10 ℃ is 180 days. Baxian Mountain Peaks undulating, cloud cage fog cover, often appear a myriad of clouds scene. Standing on the northern edge of the North China Plain, close to the sea, there is warm and humid air blowing from the Pacific Ocean on the face, and there is much rainfall on the terrain. It is commonly said that there are 72 rain pouring Mausoleums in a year. The annual average precipitation in the reserve is more than 800mm. According to the actual measurement from 1993 to 1996, the annual precipitation is more than 900mm, which is one of the areas with the most precipitation and humidity in North China. The rainfall is mainly concentrated in July to August. The annual evaporation is 1250-1300mm, with a maximum of 1897.6mm. The annual accumulated temperature is 4200 ℃, the annual sunshine hours is 2700 hours, and the total solar radiation is 120 kcal / cm. A. In spring, there is southeast wind, in winter, there is northwest wind, and the general wind force is 3-5. In summer, the relative humidity is 60-80%, and the frost free period is 195 days.

terrain

Yanglou, the highest peak in the area, is 1052 meters above sea level. It is the highest place in Tianjin where many peaks gather. There are 19 peaks above 900 meters, and Juxian peak, the main peak, is 1052 meters above sea level.

Protected objects

Botany

There are more than 1000 species of higher plants in the nature reserve, including seven species under state key protection. The main forest vegetation types in the nature reserve are: Pinus tabulaeformis forest, deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, Quercus mongolica forest, Quercus variabilis forest, Quercus liaotungensis forest, elm forest, Populus davidiana forest Juglans mandshurica forest, Koelreuteria forest, maple forest, Fraxinus forest, Euonymus forest, Rubus forest, etc. There are many kinds and large numbers of vines interspersed in the climbing forest, forming a special dense forest landscape. Famous wild kiwifruit is all over the mountains. Clusters of fruits on the vines are green, with nutritional value and medicinal value. It is known as the "king of fruits".

In spring, there are jasmine, apricot, peach, pear and Rhododendron. In summer, there are eight immortals in Dongling, Begonia sinensis, Prunus mume, lilac, zhaoshanbai and so on. In autumn, there are carnation, Convolvulus, Artemisia, chrysanthemum indicum and so on. Among them, the flowers called "model plants" by scientists are "Eight Immortals in Dongling" and "Rhododendron in Yinghong".

There are more than 200 kinds of valuable Chinese herbal medicines growing in the area. There are mainly: Salvia miltiorrhiza, Platycodon grandiflorum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, bupleurum, polygonatum odoratum, Adenophora, Lilium, Polygala tenuifolia, Scutellaria, rehmannia, Sophora flavescens, Agastache rugosa, etc. there are many kinds of ferns, mosses, lichens, etc. under the forest and in the wet places of mountain gully Valley, and many kinds of edible fungi are also growing in the forest. Berberis amurensis, Juglans mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Glycine soja, Euphorbia humifusa, Euphorbia cordata, etc. are listed as the national key protected plants.

animal

Wild animals and rare birds inhabit and propagate a large number of wild animals in the dense forest of the reserve. There are 429 species, belonging to 34 orders and 136 families, including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, fish and a large number of insects. The superior forest ecological environment retains the characteristics of primitive forest. The animals that have been extinct or are on the verge of extinction in other parts of North China can still survive here. Tropical and subtropical animals, such as the beetle fly, the luchan bug, the stink bug, the blue tailed Skink, the king snake, the mountain eyebrow, the mountain noise eyebrow and so on. The aquatic animals in frigid zone, such as huajiangluo and Beiqi, have settled down here. According to preliminary research, there are more than 50 species of leopard, leopard cat, sparrow hawk, red horned owl, long eared owl, red horned falcon, badger, fox, roe deer, hare, spoon chicken, hazelnut chicken, and more than 50 species of birds protected by the agreement on the protection of migratory birds between China and Japan.

Travel

Main attractions

The first mountain

Baxian Mountain is the only national nature reserve with forest ecosystem in Tianjin, the first batch of popular science education bases in China, and the most typical representative of the National Geopark quartzite peak forest Canyon Scenic spot.

Songlin bathing beach

Baxianshan pine forest bathing beach covers an area of 1696 mu. There are 120000 Pinus tabulaeformis. At the turn of spring and summer, pine trees blossom. Tiny pollen particles float in the air and are easily inhaled by human body. According to the latest medical research, pine pollen has special effects on enhancing human immunity, preventing cancer and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Juxianfeng

The name of juxianfeng comes from myths and legends. It is said that eight immortals such as Tieguai Li once passed over the mountain. Attracted by the beautiful scenery here, they gathered auspicious clouds on the mountain, so it is called "juxianfeng". Juxianfeng, 1052 meters above sea level, is the highest peak in Tianjin.

Shenshui gorge tourist area

From the ticket booth to the northeast, you can enter the Shenshui Gorge Scenic Area, with a total length of 3 km. There are Yulong Tanhai, Longwang temple, Pearl Beach, golden monkey watching the sun, feicui cliff, ludongtai, xianrenliang, yingzuiya, fenmaqiang, bakeisong, WoLonggang, zhongligou, wanrenjuebi, Dujuan ridge, riguantai, Niuhai Qingbo, xianshanpinghu, Shenshui gorge villa, Heishui gorge Songlin bathing beach, guolaoding, Songhua spring and other landscape.

Baxian tourist area

The main peak of Baxian Mountain is Juxian peak. It is 1052 meters above sea level, is the highest peak in Tianjin, climb Juxian peak, a list of small mountains, such as fog and rain

Chinese PinYin : Ba Xian Shan Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu