lingering Garden

Liuyuan is located at 338 Liuyuan Road, changmenwai, Suzhou, an ancient city in the south of the Yangtze River. It is well known for its exquisite architectural layout and numerous rare stones. It is also known as China's four famous gardens with Suzhou Humble Administrator's garden, Beijing Summer Palace and Chengde summer resort.

Liuyuan was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. In a garden, you can enjoy four different landscapes: landscape, countryside, forest and garden. There are four scenic spots in the middle, the East, the West and the north. On the two walls of the curved corridor connecting the scenic spots are the "calligraphy of staying in the garden" of famous artists.

The central part of the park is characterized by its waterscape, the essence of the whole garden, the eastern part of which is won by the courtyard corridors, and the crown Yunfeng is one of the three Lingering Garden's after the courtyard. The collection of Taihu stone is four odd, thin, wrinkled, leaky and penetrating. The other three are nanmu Dian and fish fossils; the north is bonsai and flowers and trees are beautiful, and pastoral features; the western district is the highest Park in the whole area, with wild interest, with Rocky Mountains as odd, and earth and stone interchanging.

lingering Garden

Liuyuan, a classical garden in Suzhou, is located at 338 Liuyuan Road, changmenwai, Suzhou. It was built in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called "Hanbi villa", commonly known as "Liuyuan", and later changed to "Liuyuan".

It is famous for its exquisite architectural layout and numerous rare stones. It is also known as the four famous gardens in China, together with the Humble Administrator's garden in Suzhou, the summer palace in Beijing and Chengde summer resort.

Liuyuan is a large-scale classical private garden in China, covering an area of 23300 square meters, representing the style of the Qing Dynasty. It is famous for its exquisite architectural art, magnificent halls, and varied courtyards. The most famous stone in Taihu Lake is guanyunfeng, which is "not out of the city but in the mountains". Its architectural space processing is exquisite, and gardeners use various artistic techniques to form a rhythmic garden space system, which has become a world-famous example of architectural space artistic processing. The whole garden is roughly divided into four parts: the middle part, the east part, the west part and the north part

. Now the garden is divided into four parts, the East is mainly architecture, the middle is landscape garden, the west is rock and stone rockery, and the north is pastoral scenery.

Liuyuan is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, world cultural heritage and national 5A tourist attractions.

History of Landscape Architecture

Liuyuan was built in the 21st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1593 AD). It was the private garden of xutai, the Shaoqing of Taipu temple. It was called "East Garden" at that time. At that time, the east garden was "magnificent and elegant, and the front building and back hall can be drunk". Ruiyunfeng is "beautiful and skillful in the south of the Yangtze River". The stone screen built by Zhou Shichen, a great mountain folding master, is exquisite and sharp, like a landscape painting. At present, the Yellow Stones in the lower part of Chi Chi and Chi Xi rockery seem to be relics of that year.

After Xu Taishi's death, the "East Garden" was gradually abandoned. In 1794, the garden was acquired by Liu Shu of Dongshan, Wu County. It was rebuilt in the former site of the "East Garden". It was built in 1798 and was renamed "Hanbi villa" because it was planted with Pinus bungeana and Phyllostachys pubescens, Commonly known as "Liu Yuan", Liu Shu likes calligraphy and paintings. He inlays his articles and ancient Sutras in the corridor wall of the garden. Later generations of garden owners inherited this trend, and gradually formed the characteristics of today's garden. Liu Shu loved stone. When he was managing the garden, he searched for twelve peaks and moved them into the garden. He wrote many articles to record the process of looking for stone and express his feelings for it. In 1802, the famous painter Wang Xuehao painted the twelve peaks of hanbizhuang.

In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Suzhou's changmenwai was destroyed by war. The streets and lanes were destroyed, but hanbizhuang survived. In 1873, the garden was purchased by Shengkang (Xuren) of Changzhou. It was completed in 1876. At that time, the garden had "beautiful trees and flowers, clear rocks and clear circulation, pavilions on balconies, wind pavilions and moon pavilions, high and low, Yixiang" (Yu Yue's Liuyuan Ji). Sheng Kang imitated the example of Suiyuan, took its pronunciation and changed its word, and changed its name to Liuyuan. After Sheng Kang died, the garden belonged to his son Sheng Xuanhuai. Under his management, Liuyuan became more and more famous and became a famous garden in Wuzhong. Yu Yue called it "the crown of famous gardens in Wuxia".

After the 1930s, Liuyuan gradually became desolate. In 1953, the people's Government of Suzhou City decided to restore the garden, and invited a group of knowledgeable garden experts and skilled ancient construction workers. After half a year's renovation, a generation of famous gardens have regained their luster. In 1990's, the Shengjia ancestral hall and part of the houses were restored, making the style of the original house and garden more complete.

In 1961, it was listed in the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In December 1997, as a typical example of Suzhou classical garden, with the approval of UNESCO, Liuyuan, Zhuozheng garden, Wangshi garden and Huanxiu villa were listed in the world heritage list. In April 2010, Liuyuan won the title of national "5A" tourist attraction.

Layout of the park

The area of Liuyuan is about 2 hectares (23300 square meters), which is divided into three parts: Western, central and Eastern. The western district is dominated by mountain scenery, the central district has both mountains and rivers, and the eastern district is a construction area. In the southeast of the Central District, pools are dug, rockeries are built in the northwest, and the buildings are scattered in the southeast of the pools, which is a typical model of Jiangnan house with South Hall, North Water and separated water. The corridor in the East and the climbing corridor in the west of Liuyuan become the peripheral corridor throughout the whole garden, which is tortuous, circuitous and full of changes. The center of Liuyuan is a pool, and the north of the pool is a rockery pavilion with trees. Wenmuxixiang Pavilion on the rockery in the west of the pool is the best place for overlooking the whole garden, and there are long corridors connecting with each other. The building divides the garden into several parts. Each building is equipped with a variety of doors and windows. Each window is different, which can communicate with each part of the scenery. When people watch the outdoor scenery indoors, they can see all kinds of pictures composed of mountains and rivers, flowers and trees at a glance, and the vision space is greatly broadened.

The whole garden is divided into four parts. In one garden, you can enjoy four kinds of different scenery: landscape, countryside, forest and garden. In the central and western area, the pool is the center, the mountain is in the northwest, and the building is in the southeast. There are hanbishan house, mingse building, lvyinxuan, Quxi building, Haopu Pavilion and qingfengchi hall. The rockery is made of earth and stone. The stone is mainly made of Yellowstone. It is magnificent and ancient. It is the remains of Zhou Bingzhong in the 16th century. The eastern area is a combination of architectural courtyards with five peaks and immortals as the main body. In the area of cranes, Shilin small courtyard to my reading place, there are many small spaces intersected, with numerous gateways and rich landscape changes. In the East, a group of buildings, such as Linquan qishuo hall, Guanyun tower, Guanyun terrace and Daiyun nunnery, form a courtyard. There is a pool in the courtyard and Guanyun peak in the north. Guanyun peak is a collection of relics collected by the court of the Northern Song Dynasty (12th century). It is 6.5 meters high. It is the highest among the stone peaks of the garden lakes in Suzhou, with Ruiyun and Xiuyun standing on both sides. There are also 12 rare stones in the garden, such as Yinyue, Qingzhi, Jiguan, kuisu, Yiyun, fusiou, Yunv, macaque, Xianzhang, Leishu, ruomao, Ganxiao, etc. In oriental culture, mountains and stones are the materialization of human character. Liuyuan's exquisite rocks not only show the beauty of nature, but also reflect the unique stone culture of China since ancient times. In the north, there is a basin garden, displaying more than 500 famous bonsai products. In the west is tufu Quxi, along which peach willows are planted. Tufu is decorated with Yellowstone and maple forest. It is a masterpiece of Suzhou gardens.

Architectural features

Liuyuan is famous for its unique and natural architecture. The layers of building groups, the ever-changing architectural space, hidden and exposed each other, dense, virtual and real, open and mysterious freely, is amazing. Liuyuan, which covers an area of more than 30 mu, accounts for one third of the total area. The whole garden is divided into four scenic spots with different themes and different landscapes: East, middle, West and North. The scenic spots are separated by walls, connected by corridors, and infiltrated by empty windows, leaky windows and openings. There are more than 670 meters of winding corridors and more than 200 windows in the garden.

As soon as you enter the gate, the architectural art treatment of Liuyuan is extraordinary: in the narrow entrance, between the two high walls, there is a zigzag corridor of more than 50 meters long. The gardener makes full use of the changes of space size, direction, light and shade, and treats this monotonous passage with endless pleasure. At the end of the corridor are the misty windows and caves, and the scenery of lakes and mountains looms in the middle of the scenic area. Around the doors and windows, you can have a panoramic view of the scenery in front of you, achieving the artistic effect of the desire to ascend first and suppress first. The corridor in Liuyuan creates a deep atmosphere through the interlocking space. What visitors see is that the corridors are folded and the courtyard is deep, which is a series of building combinations that are constantly changing. The elegant and magnificent hall in the garden, together with the quiet and leisurely study, the rich and varied courtyards, the secluded and small patio, the balcony Pavilion high and low, and the wind pavilions and moon pavilions, form a rhythmic whole.

Another important feature of Liuyuan's architectural art is that its internal and external space relations are particularly close, and various combination methods are adopted according to different artistic conception. When the building faces the mountain pool, if you want to get the true meaning of the lake and mountain, you need to cancel the whole wall facing the lake; when all aspects of the building face different open spaces, you need to use the indoor window frame as the picture frame, and the outdoor space as the three-dimensional picture frame to introduce the interior. The relationship between indoor and outdoor space can be built into a courtyard or a garden around the building; it can be decorated with a small patio, and it can also be integrated with indoor and outdoor space. The various and pleasing landscape presents the infinite realm of poetic and picturesque.

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Chinese PinYin : Liu Yuan