Greenway

Greenway

Greenway is a kind of linear green open space, which is generally a tree lined path for pedestrians and cyclists (excluding electric vehicles). It is usually built along natural roads and artificial corridors such as riverside, valley, ridge and scenic belt. The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Singapore and some domestic places have relatively successful practices, such as the Pearl River Delta greenway network, Chengdu greenway, Wuhan greenway, Changsha greenway, etc.

In landscape design, the concept of Greenway originated in the 1970s, which is a kind of man-made corridor crossing with the landscape. "Green" means green, such as forest, riverbank, wildlife, etc; "way" means road.

In addition, traffic management departments compare safe and smooth roads to "greenways", that is, all the way green.

The connotation of Greenway

Greenway is a kind of linear green open space, which is usually built along natural and artificial corridors such as riverside, valley, ridge, scenic road, etc., with landscape recreation routes for pedestrians and cyclists. The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Singapore and the Pearl River Delta have relatively successful practices.

"Greenway" mainly refers to the green open space with good natural landscape and leisure function for pedestrians and cyclists.

In a broad sense, "Greenroad" refers to all kinds of linear open space used to connect, including from community bicycle lanes to habitat corridors to guide wildlife seasonal migration; from urban waterfront to shady trails far away from the city.

However, the connotation of "greenway" is very wide. It has different meanings in different environments and conditions. Therefore, the definition of this concept will always have some limitations. Here we can quote Charles little's classic book "greenway for America" Greenway is a linear open space built along natural corridors such as riverside, valley and ridge lines, or along artificial corridors such as abandoned railway lines, ditches and scenic roads for recreational activities, including all natural and artificial landscape lines that can be accessed by pedestrians and cyclists. It is an open space link connecting parks, nature reserves, scenic spots, historical sites and other high-density residential areas. At the local level, it refers to some strip or linear parks that are regarded as parkway or greenbelt.

Subsequently, on the basis of literature review and combined with the experience of the United States, Ahern defined greenway as a land network composed of linear elements planned, designed and managed for multiple uses (including ecological, leisure, cultural, aesthetic and other uses consistent with sustainable land use). The definition emphasizes five points: 1) the spatial structure of Greenway is linear; 2) connection is the main feature of Greenway; 3) greenway is multi-functional, including ecological, cultural, social and aesthetic functions; 4) greenway is sustainable, which is the balance between natural protection and economic development; 5) greenway is a specific spatial strategy of a complete linear system.

In China, "greenway" has three concepts: landscape design, sociology and transportation.

1、 Refers to a "green" landscape line. Generally, natural and man-made corridors along riversides, valleys, ridges, scenic roads and ditches can be built for tourists and cyclists to roam among them, forming a strip landscape patch corridor closely combined with the natural ecological environment, undertaking the flow of information, energy and material, promoting the effective circulation within the landscape ecosystem, and strengthening the connection between the close patches.

2、 Sociology: we should not only build a "greenway" in nature, but also lay a "greenway" in the hearts of the people for the smooth communication between the government and the people, so that the people can express their interests without obstacles and fear, and improve the "livable level" of the people in their spiritual life.

3、 Transportation: it refers to a green open space corridor system based on natural elements, with natural and cultural landscape and leisure facilities as series nodes, and composed of slow traffic system and service facilities. Greenway is composed of green corridor, slow lane, post station and sign system. Among them, the greenway plays the role of protecting the basic ecological function of Greenway and creating a good landscape environment; the slow lane can be divided into three types: pedestrian lane, bicycle lane and comprehensive slow lane according to different ways of use; the post station is the main carrier of Greenway service facilities; the identification system generally includes four types of information, instructions, regulations and safety warning signs, which have the functions of interpretation, guidance and prohibition It has many functions, such as stop, warning, popular science, propaganda and education.

Greenways are divided into three categories: Country greenways, urban greenways and community greenways. The community greenway mainly connects the residential green space; the urban greenway mainly connects the parks, squares, recreation space and scenic spots in the city.

The construction of country greenways is difficult, mainly due to the insufficient demand of tourists. The construction of urban greenway is less difficult. It is most conducive to the construction and promotion. It can make full use of the existing park green space and other facilities. It has quick effect and wide distribution. The significant difference between Greenway Construction and park green space construction is that there is no need for land acquisition and basically does not occupy urban construction land resources. In short, it is only for what is used, not for all.

Greenway features

Car shop, rest station, tourist shop, characteristic shop and other recreational facilities and a certain width of green buffer zone. According to the need, a certain range of ecological sensitive area or agricultural production land can be demarcated outside the greenway as urban ecological corridor or group isolation zone. The greenway network, which is composed of many regional greenways, urban greenways and community greenways, is an important part of urban-rural and regional ecological network system. It integrates environmental protection, sports, leisure, tourism and other functions. It is an effective carrier that can perfectly combine the protection of ecology, the improvement of people's livelihood and the development of economy.

Greenway Construction basically does not need to occupy the index of construction land. It has the characteristics of less investment and quick effect. It is in line with the development requirements of building a low-carbon city. It is also one of the effective measures to expand domestic demand, stimulate consumption and promote economic development. It can also comprehensively improve the quality of life of urban and rural residents, improve urban functions, strengthen local features, and enhance the development grade.

Greenway type

Regional type

Regional greenways: greenways connecting different cities. Some of the greenways in the Pearl River Delta are of this type.

The city greenway connects the urban area and nearby counties.

Urban greenways mainly connect parks, squares, recreation spaces and scenic spots in the city.

The community greenway is mainly connected with the residential green space.

Country greenways are in the country areas of the city.

Function type

According to different formation conditions and functions, greenways can be divided into the following five types:

(1) Urban river type (including other water bodies)

This kind of Greenway is very common, and is usually built as part of the urban decline waterfront redevelopment project in the United States.

(2) Recreation type

It is usually built on all kinds of characteristic trails with a certain length, mainly natural corridors, but also artificial corridors such as canals, abandoned railways and landscape corridors.

(3) Natural ecotype

Corridors are usually built along rivers, streams and ridges. This kind of corridor provides good conditions for wildlife migration, species exchange, natural science research and field hiking.

(4) Scenic spot type

Generally, it is built along roads, waterways and other paths, and often plays a role of linking each major scenic spot. Its most important role is to make walkers easily enter scenic spots along the passage, or to provide a place for car tourists to get off and enter scenic spots.

(5) Comprehensive type

It is usually built in natural terrain such as valley and ridge, and it is often a random combination of the above greenways and open space. It creates a selective urban and regional green framework with comprehensive functions.

Development stage

Stage 1

(1867-1900): early Greenway Planning

According to most literatures, the origin of Greenway thought can be traced back to Frederick Law Olmsted and his famous Boston Park System in 1867. The plan links Franklin Park with Arnold Park, Jamaica Park, Boston Garden and other green space systems. The green space system is 25 km long, connecting Boston, Brooklyn and Cambridge, and connecting it with the Charles River. Since then, Charles Eliot has expanded his idea to extend his green network to the entire Boston metropolitan area, to 600 kin, connecting five coastal rivers.

Stage 2

(1900-1945): Greenway Planning of Landscape Architects

This stage mainly includes o

Chinese PinYin : Lv Dao