Jintai Zuling site park

Ancestral Mausoleum of Jin Tai

synonym

Jintai ancestral mausoleum site park generally refers to Jintai ancestral mausoleum

The ancestral Mausoleum of Jin Tai was built in 1123 as the mausoleum of Wanyan Aguda, the founding emperor of Jin Dynasty. Jintai ancestral mausoleum, covering an area of 5.1 hectares, mainly consists of Yudai bridge, gate hall, Lingtai (Baoding), Ningshen hall and underground palace. The main landscapes are Yudai bridge, Mendian, Lingtai (Baoding), Ningshen temple and underground palace. Located in Acheng District, two kilometers south of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province.

General situation

It is commonly known as chopping platform. On January 27, 1981, it was announced as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by the people's Government of Heilongjiang Province. Located in the southern suburb of Acheng City, it is about 420 meters away from the west wall of huiningfu site in jinshangjing in the East. The mausoleum site is the first burial site of a Guda in Wanyan, known as "the first mausoleum in the hometown of Jinyuan", because there was a temple of Ning on the mausoleum site in the early Jin Dynasty, also known as "Taizu Temple" and "a Guda Temple". The tomb mound is a large earth mound shaped like a turtle's back. The earth seal is about 13 meters higher than the surrounding ground. The perimeter of the bottom of the mound is more than 100 meters, covering an area of nearly 1000 square meters. The tombs were drilled twice in 1975 and 1993. It was found that the tombs were made of rammed earth. The rammed earth layer ranged from 6 cm to 10 cm, with black loess alternating. The ground surface is covered with cloth tiles, green glazed tiles, gray carved bricks and pillar base stones, which are the same building materials as those found in the Palace site of the imperial city of Shangjing. They are the relics restored in the Dading period of emperor Shizong of Jin Dynasty. In the village near the site of the mausoleum, there is still a remnant pillar foundation stone, which is 1.13 meters long and 0.28 meters thick, with an outer diameter of 0.90 meters and an inner diameter of 0.72 meters. The protruding round surface is very smooth and is a relic of the mausoleum.

Wanyan Aguda mausoleum is the earliest imperial mausoleum in Jin Dynasty. As the first Mausoleum of Jinyuan, it is of historical value to study the social system, ancestral temple system, Mausoleum structure and national customs of Jin Dynasty. Today, Aguda mausoleum site park has been opened to the outside world as a tourist attraction, receiving thousands of tourists every year.

Scope of protection: the mausoleum area is a special protection area, within 10 meters outside the mausoleum area is a key protection area, and 10 to 20 meters outside the mausoleum area is a general protection area.

Personage introduction

Wanyan Aguda (1068-1123 A.D.) was the founding emperor of Jin Dynasty. He was a member of Wanyan tribe of Nuzhen nationality. His real name was Aguda. Shizu impeached the second son of Libo, who was born on the Bank of yinchuhushui (now Ashi River). When a Gu was a boy, he was tall, strong and intelligent. He has been fighting with his father and brother since he was 20 years old. He is brave and tenacious, resourceful and resourceful. He shows excellent military ability. Many major decisions are made by him.

In 1113, Aguda was the leader of the tribal alliance. On the one hand, he won the support of many tribal leaders. On the other hand, he sent special personnel to hoard grain, buy pig iron and build weapons, which made the preparations for the invasion of Liao basically ready.

At the beginning of the first month of the fourth year of the reign of emperor Tianqing of Liao Dynasty (1114), Aguda gathered 2500 Nvzhen soldiers from all walks of life to take an oath in Laishui River (now west of the Lalin river mouth, shijiaweizi village on the South Bank of the Songhua River) to count the crimes of Qidan, and called on the headquarters to work together to destroy Qidan. At the end of the oath, he took advantage of the Liao army and captured ningjiangzhou (today's east stone city of Fuyu, Jilin Province) with 2500 troops. Two months later, he defeated the Liao army in chuhedian (now Zhaoyuan west of Heilongjiang Province) with less than 10000 troops.

On the new year's day of 1115, a Guda became emperor in Huining prefecture (now Baicheng City, Acheng City, Heilongjiang Province). He took the name of Dajin and established the state of Jianyuan. Taking Huining Prefecture as the capital of the state, he founded the 120 year old Dajin empire.

In order to consolidate and develop the state of Dajin, Aguda took a series of reform measures to develop menganmou restraint into an organization of military and political integration, abolished the prime minister system, and established a leading core composed of the emperor and senior military and political officials. At the same time, Aguda also issued decrees to appease the refugees, pay attention to immigration, give preferential treatment to the demobilized, pay attention to craftsmen, develop production and army, and do not disturb the people. In particular, it was used for "seeking erudite and talented people", as well as the ideas and practices of creating Nuzhen characters and carrying out the exchange and integration of Nuzhen culture and various ethnic cultures, which became the basic national policies of the Jin Dynasty.

After the establishment of Dajin, Aguda personally led a large army to attack Liao, and successively won three major battles: the ancient city of Dalu (today's Tahu city in Qianguo County, Jilin Province), huanglongfu (today's Nongan County, Jilin Province), and hubudagang (today's west of Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province), breaking nearly a million enemies. In 1116, the Jin army conquered Liaoyang prefecture (now Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province), linhuang prefecture (now nanboluo City, Balinzuo banner, Inner Mongolia) in 1120, Dading prefecture (now Daming City, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia), Datong prefecture (now Datong City, Shanxi Province) in 1122, and Nanjing in 1122 Jinfu (now Beijing). Emperor Tianzuo of Liao Dynasty fled to Jiashan and was captured by Jin army in 1125. Liao Dynasty perished.

In the ninth year of Aguda's reign, in the seventh year of Tianfu's reign (1123), he was on the way to attack Liao Dynasty in August, and "collapsed in buluoxixinggong (now in Fuyu County of Jilin Province)", "in September, Guichou (third day of junior high school), Zigong went to Shangjing. Yimao (fifth day of the Lunar New Year), was buried in the southwest of the palace city (i.e. the site of today's Mausoleum) and the temple of Jianning. He was 55 years old.

At the beginning of Jin Dynasty, Ningshen temple was called Taizu temple and Taimiao, which was the first ancestral temple in Jin Dynasty. According to Li Zhi, Volume 30 of the history of the Jin Dynasty, "there was no ancestral temple in the early Jin Dynasty. In September of the seventh year of Tianfu, Taizu was buried in the southwest of the palace city of Beijing, and Jianning temple was on the mausoleum, which was recommended and enjoyed at that time. All capitals have their own temples, but those in the capital are called Taimiao. In the sixth year of the Tianhui Festival, the two emperors of the Song Dynasty came to see Taizu temple. " Some important activities of the early Jin Dynasty were held in front of the mausoleum. The emperors of the early Jin Dynasty also went to the Taizu temple to celebrate the important events, such as the accession to the throne, going on a tour, or meeting soldiers and soldiers.

Tianhui three years (1125) was honored as "Emperor Wu Yuan", temple Title Taizu. In February of 1135, he Mausoleum (Hu Kaishan) was moved. In 1144, he mausoleum was changed into Rui mausoleum. In the fifth year of Huangtong (1145), he was given the posthumous title of "Yingqian Xingyun Zhaode Dinggong ruishenzhuang Xiaoren Ming Dasheng Wuyuan emperor". After the emperor of Hailing moved his capital to Yanjing, he was buried in dafangshan (now Fangshan District of Beijing) in November of the third year of Zhenyuan (1155).

In the second year of Zhenglong (1157), King Hailing ordered Xiao Yanliang, the doctor of the Ministry of official affairs, to destroy Shangjing palace, the ancestral temple, the residences of all the major families and the Chuqing temple, and the Ning temple was also destroyed. When Jin Shizong visited the East, the temple of Ning was restored. At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty (1227), Pu xianwannu, the rebel general of Jin Dynasty who was under the separate rule of Xianping (now Kaiyuan, Liaoning Province), colluded with Wanyan Taiping, the provincial governor of Shangjing. When Taiping was ordered by wannu to burn the ancestral temple of Shangjing, the temple of Ningshen on the site of emperor Taizu's mausoleum was also burned at about the same time.

Development status

After the fall of Jin Dynasty, agudaling was gradually forgotten. It was not until the beginning of the last century that the tomb attracted people's attention. The site of the mausoleum was recorded for the first time in the textual research on the origin and development of Manchuria in Jilin Tongzhi, but no textual research was made. During the period of the Japanese puppet regime, Zhou Jiabi, the head of Acheng County, first confirmed in his book a textual research on Baicheng County, Acheng county that the commonly known chopping platform was the mausoleum site of a Gu Da, Wanyan, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty. Contemporary scholars of the history of the Jin Dynasty basically agree with Zhou Jiabi's textual research and inference.

In 1962, Acheng Cultural Relic Management Office investigated the site for the first time and took effective protection measures.

According to the geophysical survey of the mausoleum site in 1993, there is a stone slab "Dao" or sacrificial platform on the South platform of the mausoleum, which is buried by soil for a long time, about 1 meter deep. The cavity of the tomb has been filled up artificially or collapsed destructively when the tomb was moved. No coffin and funerary objects were found, only some bricks and tiles were left.

In 1994, the cultural relics department carried out a protective cleaning and exploration work on the mausoleum site. In a pit on the east side of Fengtu, a cultural layer with a large number of Jin Dynasty building components was cleared, including cloth pattern tile, tube tile, plate tile, glazed dragon, phoenix pattern tile, and Dragon carving brick with Ben Lu Xing pattern. At 1.5 meters below the collapsed soil on the east side of Fengtu, two granite stone columns of the same size were found, parallel in North and south, 15 meters apart. The stone column is a cube with a side length of 0.47 meters and a height of 2.13 meters. There is a square base under the stone column with a side length of 0.70 meters and a seat height of 0.235 meters. The two bodies are combined by mortise and tenon.

In June 1998, the government of Acheng City strengthened the protection of the mausoleum site and built the Aguda mausoleum site garden. Taking the existing mausoleum site as the center, the mausoleum site garden highlights the north-south axis, and is divided into four parts: the leading space, the Shinto space, the mausoleum and the temple of Ning. The scenic spots for tourists to watch include the magpie platform, the milk platform, the jade belt bridge, the Huabiao stone statue, the temple of Ning, the mausoleum platform and the underground palace. There are statues of Aguda and his six meritorious officials in the temple of Ning, coffins, weapons, horses and other funeral objects of Aguda in the underground palace, as well as simple and elegant murals of Aguda's life.

In order to protect the mausoleum of Wanyan Aguda, the city government of Acheng built a mausoleum park of Wanyan Aguda in 1999 on the premise of respecting history and not destroying the original appearance, referring to the mausoleum of Song Dynasty. The park covers an area of 5.1 hectares, with a construction area of more than 1000 square meters. Taking the existing Lingtai site as the center, the north-south axis is highlighted. The axis is 300 meters long and 135 meters wide. From south to north, it is divided into four parts: leading space, Shinto space, Mausoleum and Ning temple. The park itself is also located in the southwest of the whole Jinyuan cultural tourism area.

Chinese PinYin : Jin Tai Zu Ling Zhi Gong Yuan