Qinghe Bridge

Qinghe Bridge

Qinghe bridge is located in Beijing Deshengmenwai Xiaoguan to Qinghe town Nankou Road, across the Qinghe River and built, for the three arch stone bridge, formerly known as Guangji Bridge. According to the history of Ming Dynasty, the bridge was built in 1416, which was later called Qinghe bridge.

brief introduction

The ancient stone bridge is basically complete. The pillar on the stone railing is square, with a thin carved lotus petal and a square column head with a flat top. The plum blossom line similar to the building's Begonia pool is engraved on both sides of the solid stone slab. There is a chute on the ground, a mortise on the pillar, and a hole connecting with Phnom Penh. The three hole arch is built longitudinally, and because the exposed surface of some stones is roughly square, and some stones are vertical bars, it looks like the parallel block masonry. The bridge foundation is a whole base plate paved by double-layer stone slabs with tongue and groove. Under the stone slabs, there are dense pine and square timber. Next, there is the dense large timber pile

structure

In 1958 and 1963, the northwest was damaged by water twice. In the early 1980s, because the water flow of Qinghe bridge could not meet the drainage needs of the river, the stone bridge was demolished in April 1983 and temporarily stored. In 1984, it was rebuilt on Xiaoyue River in the southeast of the original bridge. Before the design of the reconstruction project of the ancient bridge, the exposed parts of the stone bridge were measured. The measured length of the bridge was 50.14 meters, the length of the middle straight wall was 316.83 meters, the width of the bridge was 12.46 meters, the top width of the bridge was 12.26 meters, the bottom width was 12.5 meters, the span of the middle hole was 6.35 meters, the span of the two side holes was 5.87 meters, the top width of the pier was 3.84 meters, the bottom width was 12.5 meters It is about 5cm from the bottom to the top, and the abutment construction method is about 5cm from the bottom to the top. The abutment wild goose wing wall is the same as the abutment construction method. On the platform of the abutment wild goose wing wall, another wild goose wing retaining wall is built to reinforce the abutment wing wall. The Phnom Penh stone is a rectangular section, 80 cm wide, 30 cm thick, and 10 cm above the side wall. Difu is also a rectangular section, 38 cm wide and 20 cm thick, 10 cm behind Phnom Penh. The bridge deck is 11.5 meters wide. It is paved horizontally with strips of stone. There are vertical teeth at the end of the bridge. There are 24 balustrades on each side of the stone bridge, including two balustrades with eight shaped balustrades and two solid balustrades. It was designed according to the survey data when the balustrade was rebuilt in 1984. According to the bridge maintenance records for more than 30 years and the investigation records of the hidden parts of the stone bridge when it was demolished, there are many data and situations besides the above data. Due to the limited space, we can only make a brief introduction. The pillar on the stone railing is square, with a thin lotus petal and a square head on the flat top, and the two sides of the solid stone railing are engraved with a picture similar to the Begonia pool in the building Plum blossom line, there are breast board trough on the ground, pillar mortise and mortise, and holes connected with Phnom Penh. However, these round holes are opposite or not directly opposite to the round holes on Phnom Penh stone, and the holes are filled with soil. It is estimated that this phenomenon may be formed from previous repair. The top of Phnom Penh is the same height as the bridge deck. The bridge deck has a slight longitudinal slope and is in an arc vertical curve. The three hole arch is built longitudinally. Because the exposed surface of some stones is roughly square, and some stones are vertical strips, it looks like a side-by-side block masonry. The outer face of the stone is the face, and the carved lines on the surface are not obvious. Each hole is 11 pieces, retreating three centimeters in front of the arch brow. The arch brow stone lies on the stone, and the outside is flush with the side wall, and the surface has oblique carved lines. The bridge foundation is a whole base plate paved by double-layer stone slabs with tongue and groove. Under the stone slabs, there are dense pine and square timber. Next, there are dense large wooden piles. So far, there is no second bridge in China. The above is the basic situation of the original bridge. In 1984, the external dimensions and main stone pieces of the above ground parts were built according to the actual samples of the ancient bridge. The internal structure and dimensions were changed, and the bridge foundation was changed to concrete. Unfortunately, the relocation of Guangji Bridge is a great loss to the cultural relics. Structure: the bridge foundation is a whole base plate paved by double-layer stone slabs with tongue and groove. Under the stone slabs, there are large square pines. Next, there is the dense large wooden pile. So far, there is no second bridge in China. The current bridge was rebuilt in 1984 on Xiaoyue River in the southeast of the original bridge.

Related information

Qinghe

Ancient river name. First, the river water (Yellow River) in Yugong in the pre Qin period changed its course from suxukou (now southwest of xunxian County in Henan Province) to the river water in Hanshu - geographical records. The section of the river north of suxukou, south of Neihuang in the old course, was converged by the springs of Liyang mountains and changed from turbid current to clear current, so it was called Qinghe. During the Warring States period, the Qinghe River in the inner Yellow River turned northeast after receiving the Huan River, and flowed through the area of Guantao and Qinghe River in Hebei Province to the east near the Shandong plain. It became a huge river between Qi and Zhao. The Warring States policy was often seen. In the early Han Dynasty, Qinghe County was established in the lower reaches of Qinghe River. After the Yuanfeng reign of Emperor Wu, the rivers below Guantao were successively divided into Tunshi, Mingdu, tunshibie and Zhangjia rivers in the north. The lower reaches of Qinghe River were confused by the separatist regimes of these rivers, so the road was abandoned. However, a section of Neihuang River in the upper reaches is still called Qinghe River, which can be seen in the book of Han geography. In Wang Mang's time, the river water flowed from the east of Puyang to the sea from today's Shandong. In the old time, the rivers of Hebei turned back to Lisai. The water of Qing and Huan flowed from the Qingyuan in the northwest of Guantao to the northeast. They passed through the territory of Qinghe County and into the territory of Bohai county. They passed through Tunshi river. Therefore, they went to Nanpi County and beibeipiting to meet zhangshui. In Jian'an period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao built Fangyan to prevent Qi water from flowing into Baigou in the upper reaches of Qinghe River to increase the water volume of Qinghe River. He also chiseled Pinglu channel, which immediately came from zhangshui below shenhuting in the lower reaches of Qingzhang Hekou, Pinglu channel below shenhuting, and water transportation channel in Hebei Plain from Hequ to Huihe to Haikou It starts from the south of Weixian County in Hebei Province in the south, flows through the north of Qinghe ancient city and the south of Jingxian County in the northeast, and ends in the west of Dongguang County. From then on, it flows into the sea along Weihe River and Haihe River. After the Sui Dynasty, Yongji canal was guided below Dongguang, and gradually disappeared above Dongguang. Two ancient Jishui from juyeze, the following alias clear water, after the Song Dynasty then known as Qinghe, a beiqinghe. After the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, also known as the Daqing River, the lower reaches of the Yellow River is now diverted. In 1855, it was captured by the Yellow River under the xiyushan mountain, which was ruled by the old rule of East Algeria, and the name of Qinghe River was abolished. Today, the Wenhe River in Dongping is divided into two branches: the north and the south. It is also known as the big and small Qinghe River. It flows to Dongping Lake in the northwest, and then flows from Hubei to Daqinghe River, and then to Yushan to the Yellow River. Three ancient Surabaya alias clear water, after the Song Dynasty, then known as Qinghe, a nanqinghe. After the Jin Dynasty, the section below Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, was captured by the Yellow River for a long time. After the Yuan Dynasty, the section from Nanlu bridge in Jining, Shandong Province to Xuzhou became part of the canal, so the name of Qinghe River was abandoned. However, the lower reaches of the river from Siyang, Jiangsu Province, were divided into two branches, the big and the small Qinghe, into the Huaihe River. At the beginning of the Yellow River, it went through the Daqing River in the north, and then changed to the Xiaoqing River in the South after the middle period. Historical place names - County, national name, Han Gaodi set up county. Later, it was changed into a state, and Yongguang, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, became a county. It governs Qingyang (now Southeast of Qinghe River). After the Yuan emperor, it had jurisdiction over Qinghe, Zaoqiang and Nangong in Hebei Province, Linqing, Xiajin, Wucheng, Gaotang and Pingyuan in Shandong Province. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was changed into a state and moved to Ganling. After the Jin Dynasty, its jurisdiction was reduced. The Northern Wei Dynasty was still a county. The Northern Qi Dynasty was moved to Wucheng (now the northwest of Qinghe River), and the Sui Dynasty was abolished. Daye, Tang Tianbao and Zhide changed beizhou to Qinghe County. In 611 ad, Zhang Jincheng and Gao JINDA revolted here. The old county name was established in 1273, the ninth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty. It governs the southwest of Huaiyin, Jiangsu Province.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the city was destroyed by the river, and later the government moved many times. Qingjiangpu, which is now Huaiyin City, was transferred to the government during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. It was renamed Huaiyin County in 1914. The name of the county is in the south of Hebei Province, on the West Bank of the south canal, adjacent to Shandong Province. County People's Government in gexianzhuang town. Han Xincheng and Qingyang counties, Wucheng County in the Northern Qi Dynasty and Qinghe County in the Sui Dynasty. Agricultural products include wheat, millet, sorghum, corn, soybean, peanut, etc. Industries include machinery, chemical fertilizer, paper making, coal, wine making and pharmacy. Qinghe County is located in the Southern Hebei plain. It is the hometown of Wu Song, the tiger fighting hero in Outlaws of the marsh. This land has a long history, splendid culture, rich natural resources and outstanding people. It is adjacent to Shandong Province by Wei canal in the East, Beijing Kowloon railway runs through the County, and national highway 308 passes by the city. It has convenient transportation and superior location. The county covers an area of 502 square kilometers, with 514000 mu of arable land, 320 administrative villages in 6 towns and 354000 urban and rural residents. Qinghe is a place often mentioned in history. In feudal society, because this land was granted to princes and princes for many times, and many world-famous events happened, it was called "the state of wind and cloud". Qinghe is one of the birthplaces of the surname Zhang in China. In the Zhou Dynasty, more than 800 BC, Qinghe was called Ganquan. In the spring and Autumn period, Duke Huan of Qi, the first overlord, occupied the area and renamed Ganquan as Beiqiu, a subordinate city of Qi. During the Warring States period, the seven heroes fought against each other, and Beiqiu was owned by the state of Zhao. In 221 BC, when the first emperor of Qin finally destroyed Qi and unified China, and designated the world as 36 counties, he divided the old land of peiqiu into one and built another CuO County under the jurisdiction of Julu County until the Han Dynasty. The name of Qinghe River comes from water. According to the Warring States policy, Zhang Yi lobbied the state of Zhao to "inform the Qi envoys to set up the army to cross the Qinghe River", which means the Qingshui River in Beiqiu. In the early Han Dynasty, the original CuO county was separated from Julu County, and Qinghe County was established in the name of Qingshui River. However, the name of Qinghe changed with the local historical events. In 79AD, Liu Tan, Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, appointed his eldest son Liu Qing as the crown prince, ready to inherit the throne. But empress dowager Dou was afraid that Liu Qing's birth mother, song GUI, would take her place. He spoke ill of Liu Qing's mother and son in front of emperor Zhang, and killed song GUI

Chinese PinYin : Qing He Qiao