Ban Gong's mistake

Pangong Lake

synonym

Bangong Lake is generally referred to as Bangong Lake

Bangong Lake (Ladakh: Pangong TSO), also known as cuomuang larenbo (Tibetan: མོ་མོ་ངངང཯ང཯ིིིཔ།; Willie: mtsho Mo nganglha ring Po; THL: Tsomo nganglha) Ringpo, which means "Swan with long neck" in Tibetan, is located 12 km to the west of Nitu County in Ali Prefecture of Tibet Autonomous Region, with an east-west trend. The lake covers an area of 604 square kilometers, including 413 square kilometers in China, accounting for 68.5%, and 191 square kilometers in Indian controlled Kashmir, accounting for 31.5%.

brief introduction

Bangong Lake (Bangongcuo), also known as cuomuanglarenbo, means "long necked swan" in Tibetan. It is located 12 kilometers west of Nitu County in Ali Region, with an average altitude of 4400 meters. The lake covers an area of 639739.1 mu, which is light in the East and salty in the West. It is distributed in Wujiang village, Duoma Township, Nitu County, about 15 kilometers away from Nitu County, and Shiquanhe Town, where the administrative office of Ali Region is located 135 km, a natural lake ecological scenic spot. The lake covers an area of 604 square kilometers, of which 413 square kilometers are in China, accounting for 68.5%; 191 square kilometers are in Indian controlled Kashmir, accounting for 31.5%; it is 150 kilometers long from east to west, 4 kilometers wide from north to South on average, only 5 meters in the narrowest part, 5 meters in average depth, and 41 meters in maximum depth.

The elevation of Bangong Lake is 4240 meters, and the total surface area of the lake is 604 square kilometers, including 413 square kilometers in China and 191 square kilometers in Kashmir. It is about 150 kilometers long from east to west, 100 kilometers in China and 50 kilometers in India occupied Kashmir. The maximum water depth is 41 meters, the average water depth is 5 meters, the mineralization degree is 2.16 g / L, and the average width of North and south is only 4 km. It is a typical river type lake. The long and narrow body of Bangong Lake creates a unique landscape effect. The two largest tributaries, magazangbu and duomaqu, which flow into Bangong Lake, are located in the eastern part of the lake. The fresh water source is sufficient and the supply is greater than the evaporation. The salt content of the lake is maintained within 0.75g/l, which makes the eastern part of the lake a fresh water lake. However, the fresh water supply in the middle and western parts of the lake is sharply reduced, and the narrowest part of the middle part of the lake is only 100-150m wide, so the alternation of the lake water in the east-west direction is not smooth, It is difficult for the fresh water in the east to continue to replenish to the west, so that the evaporation of the lake water in the west is greater than the supply, and the salt content of the lake water increases from the middle to the west to nearly 20 g / L, turning into a salt lake.

Animal resources

There are more than ten islands of different sizes in the lake. There are more than 20 kinds of birds on the island, and the number can reach tens of thousands at the most. The main birds are spotted headed geese, brown headed gulls, fish gulls, crested ducks, red ducks and so on. Among them, the number of spotted headed geese and brown headed gulls is the largest.

Bangong Lake is also a fish world. There are a lot of aquatic plants in the lake, which provide a good habitat for fish. There are more than 10 kinds of fish. There are Xizang bow fish, plateau naked Schizothorax, long naked carp, Schizothorax, thin tailed loach and so on. Most of them are Schizothorax and subfamily Cyprinidae. In the lake, there are Schizothorax and naked schijiri, which are endemic to Tibet. They are especially famous for their scales.

tourist resources

Bird Island: the bird island on Bangong Lake is a paradise for birds. From May to August every year, thousands of birds come to the bird island to breed. From afar, it looks like a picture of mountains and rivers and birds, which is the most harmonious embodiment of man and nature. It mainly includes: Black necked Crane (national first-class protected animal), Red duck, brown Headed Gull, fish gull, spotted goose, green headed duck, needle tailed duck, red headed diving duck, white eyed diving duck and other precious birds.

geographical environment

Water Quality

Bangong Lake is a lake with different salt content from east to west, that is, the lake in the East is fresh water lake, the middle is brackish water lake, and the west is salty water lake.

geology

Bangong Lake area is located in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It spans several geotectonic units with different evolution history from north to south, including South Qiangtang block, Bangong Lake OPHIOLITIC MELANGE belt and North Gangdise block. The strata deposited in the expansion stage of the middle Tethys ocean basin are mainly the riganpeicuo group of the Late Triassic. The lithological association is mainly composed of clastic rocks and carbonate rocks with a small amount of volcanic rocks The strata deposited in the basin shrinkage stage are mainly Jurassic Early Cretaceous clastic rocks, and the representative strata are mugagangri group, Doren formation, risong formation, shamulo formation, Doni formation and Langshan formation; meanwhile, the island arc type calc alkaline granitoid magmatic rock mass of late Jurassic Early Cretaceous is developed in the north side of the OPHIOLITIC MELANGE belt, and most of the rock bodies are batholith and rock stock, belonging to Bannu belt The large-scale intermediate acid magmatic emplacement in the North Gangdise block on the south side of the OPHIOLITIC MELANGE belt mainly occurred in the late Cretaceous. The rock assemblages are granite porphyry, granodiorite, diorite porphyrite, quartz diorite, tonalite, monzogranite, etc.

Bangong Lake area crosses Qiangtang block, Bangong Lake suture zone and North Gangdise block from north to south. The Bangong Lake suture zone can be divided into OPHIOLITIC MELANGE zone and ophiolitic tectonic melange zone according to the differences of tectonic rock association and tectonic deformation. The ophiolite melange belt is lenticular, located in the central part of Bangonghu Nujiang junction zone. It is mainly composed of ophiolite slices, with less sandstone and slate matrix, and relatively complete ophiolite exposure. In the belt, ultramafic slices, mafic slices, volcanic slices and siliceous slices extrude from the center to the edge in turn by back thrust thrust faults to both sides. The ophiolite tectonic melange belt is located on the north and south sides of the ophiolite melange belt. The ophiolite components in the ophiolite tectonic melange belt are mainly basalt slices and gabbro slices, while the ultramafic slices and siliceous slices rarely occur.

Bulong OPHIOLITIC MELANGE is a part of the OPHIOLITIC MELANGE belt in Bangong Lake area. It is distributed in the east of Hunan Province in the form of lenticular NWW-SEE, and covers the sandstone splint of Upper Jurassic Lower Cretaceous shamulo formation in the form of back thrust thrust fault combination on the north and south sides. The OPHIOLITIC MELANGE has complete rock assemblages, including metamorphic harzburgite, gabbro, plagiogranite, diabase, volcanic rock and purplish red siliceous rock. Volcanic rocks occur between siliceous rocks and gabbros. They extend several kilometers from east to west and are hundreds of meters wide. The volcanic rocks are mainly medium basic basaltic andesite, mostly grayish green and grayish brown, with porphyry structure, 5% ~ 20% phenocrysts, mainly plagioclase, a small amount of amphibole and quartz, in which plagioclase is white, plate-shaped, euhedral subhedral, and some with zonal structure, The matrix is mainly composed of microcrystalline plagioclase and vitreous; the rocks are mostly massive structure, developed stomatal structure, almond structure, and pillow structure locally.

glacier

Bangong Lake is a long and narrow tectonic lake with a length of about 125 km from east to West on the western edge of northern Tibet Plateau. According to the international glacier cataloguing principle, the basin of Bangong Lake is a three-level basin with the lake as the main basin, including several small Intermountain lakes such as zepucuo, sipangur, Sharda and rebangcuo. The geographical location of the whole basin is between 32 ° 40 ′～ 34 ° 30 ′ N and 34 ° 30 ′ n From 78 ° 38 ′ e to 81 ° 15 ′ e, there are 959 glaciers in Bangong Lake Basin of China, with a total area of 665.35 The Changlong River Basin, the doma river basin formed by the tributaries of angze, zhanqiong and Zhanjin, and the zepucuo basin in the Intermountain Lake Basin are the main glacier distribution areas on the North Bank of Bangong Lake, while the glaciers on the south bank are mainly distributed in the makazangbu river formed by bazachong, Zangbu River and Qulong Zangbu river In addition, there are also some small lakes in the mountains, such as pensipangur lake and Sarda lake. The glaciers in Bangong Lake Basin account for 72.9% and 67% of the total area respectively The average area of glaciers in the basin is 0.64 square kilometers, and the largest glacier area is 23.68 square kilometers, with a length of 10.5 kilometers. Zepucuo is the small watershed with the most concentrated glaciers and the number of glaciers second only to Bangong Lake. The number of glaciers accounts for 14.8%, 28.3% and 33.3% of the total number of glaciers in the basin, respectively. The average area of glaciers in the zepucuo basin is 1.33 square kilometers, with the largest glaciers Sichuan covers an area of 16.60 square kilometers.

Scenic spot construction

Bangong Lake scenic spot is a landmark scenic spot of Japanese and native tourism resources. During the "12th Five Year Plan" period, with the strong support of Hebei Province, it invested 12.2 million yuan to improve the infrastructure construction of Bangong Lake scenic spot, purchased three cruise ships, built new docks, viewing platforms, bird watching platforms, trails, parking lots, public toilets, traffic signs and billboards; in 2014, it invested 4.1675 million yuan to build 1620.58 M2 wooden houses with imitative heavy structure, and at the same time, it also built a large number of wooden houses with imitative heavy structure The landscape of Bangong Lake is also comprehensively built, including a series of projects such as Bangong Lake landscape gate, Bangong Lake Resort decoration, wooden plank road, footpath construction, Bangong Lake parking lot construction, landscaping and greening around the scenic spot.

During the 13th Five Year Plan period, Nitu county plans to invest 50 million yuan in Tibet to upgrade the Bangong Lake scenic area. Among them, 40 million yuan will be invested to build the tourist center of Bangong Lake

Chinese PinYin : Ban Gong Cuo