Wenming street historical and Cultural District

Wenming Street Historic District

synonym

Wenming street historical and Cultural District generally refers to Wenming street historical district

Wenming Street Historic District refers to the area of 21 hectares, which is south of Huashan South Road, west of Zhengyi Road, north of Jingxing street and east of Wuyi Road, Panlong District, Kunming city. There are six main streets in the street, including Wenming street, Jingxing street, Guanghua Street, Yongdao street, Shifu East Street and Wenmiao Zhi street, and 15 main streets, including dongjuan Dong lane, Xijuan Dong lane, Jixiang lane, Dayin cabinet lane, Xiaoyin cabinet lane, Xingfu lane, Tongcheng lane, Zhidao lane, Xiaozi lane, qiuzong lane, Guojia lane, Shuguang lane, Sizhi lane, Zhengyi lane and haitiange lane. It accounts for 3% of the area of the old city. Wenming street historical and cultural block is the only old block in Kunming City and one of the most important symbols of Kunming historical and cultural city. The history of civilized block originated in the era of Dali. It has a history of nearly 900 years since the establishment of yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China and new China. With 900 years of history and vicissitudes, the Wenming Street area has accumulated rich history and culture, containing rich information of the past years. Its diversified architectural culture with traditional dwellings as the main part, its spiritual culture with Confucianism, anti Japanese War Culture and celebrity culture as the main part, its institutional culture with the collapse of feudal dynasty, the rebirth of the Republic, the victory of Anti Japanese War and the liberation of Kunming as the major historical events, and its folk culture with market commerce as the typical example are unique and colorful.

brief introduction

Historical district is a living historical and cultural treasure house, together with many widely distributed historical relics, it constitutes the memory of the city.

Wenming Street Historic District refers to the area of 21 hectares, which is south of Huashan South Road, west of Zhengyi Road, north of Jingxing street and east of Wuyi Road, Panlong District, Kunming city. There are six main streets in the street, including Wenming street, Jingxing street, Guanghua Street, Yongdao street, Shifu East Street and Wenmiao Zhi street, and 15 main streets, including dongjuan Dong lane, Xijuan Dong lane, Jixiang lane, Dayin cabinet lane, Xiaoyin cabinet lane, Xingfu lane, Tongcheng lane, Zhidao lane, Xiaozi lane, qiuzong lane, Guojia lane, Shuguang lane, Sizhi lane, Zhengyi lane and haitiange lane. It accounts for 3% of the area of the old city.

Wenming street historical and cultural block is the only old block in Kunming, which is the historical and cultural name of Kunming

One of the most important symbols of the city. The history of civilized block originated in the era of Dali. It has a history of nearly 900 years since the establishment of yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China and new China. With 900 years of history and vicissitudes, the Wenming Street area has accumulated rich history and culture, containing rich information of the past years. Its diversified architectural culture with traditional dwellings as the main part, its spiritual culture with Confucianism, anti Japanese War Culture and celebrity culture as the main part, its institutional culture with the collapse of feudal dynasty, the rebirth of the Republic, the victory of Anti Japanese War and the liberation of Kunming as the major historical events, and its folk culture with market commerce as the typical example are unique and colorful.

The current pattern of Wenming Street area is gradually formed from the establishment of the office by the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. In 1683, the governor Cai Yurong rebuilt the old Yunnan mansion into the governor's Office (now the people's victory Hall). The governor's Yamen is the highest organ of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. It has experienced constant repair and construction on behalf of the governor. The establishment of the governor's Yamen has laid the foundation for the current pattern of Wenming Street area.

With the establishment of the governor's office, the surrounding roads came into being. The first is the "corridor" facing the gate. "Corridor" is the official channel for officials to carry out etiquette activities and enter and leave the governor's Yamen in Qing Dynasty. Officials and civilians with lower status can only walk in narrow alleys on the side, which forms "L" shaped East and West alleys on both sides of the corridor.

At that time, the governor, Fu and other yamen called it "Yuan". Therefore, from the east gate of the governor's Yamen,

The road leading to FanTai Yamen in the East is called Dongyuan street, and the road leading to governor Yamen in the north is called Xiyuan street. Grain Road Department, Salt Road Department and patrol Road Department are in the south of the corridor in this area. The road connecting these yamen from east to west is called grain road street.

In this way, with the governor's Yamen as the center, two horizontal and one vertical "I" shaped roads connecting the four main yamen constitute the skeleton of Wenming Street area. The position of several Yamen in Kunming City in Qing Dynasty remained relatively stable, and there was not much change in more than 200 years. These streets have been preserved.

Kunming Chongjiu uprising is an armed uprising which started earlier after Wuchang Uprising, fought fiercely and sacrificed a lot, and also had a great influence in the whole country. At the time of the Xinhai Double Ninth uprising, the governor yamen of Yungui, the head of the feudal rule at that time, became one of the main battlefields of the armed uprising.

With the collapse of the feudal dynasty, the governor yamen of Yunnan and Guizhou ended its historical mission. In order to celebrate the victory of the double ninth uprising, several streets around them also changed their names. Dongyuan street and yuanmenkou street were renamed Guanghua Street with the meaning of "recovering China". Jingxing, people think it is a symbol of good luck. Liangdao street is named Jingxing street. South Street became justice street. The birth of Zhengyi, Guanghua and Jingxing Street marks the beginning of a new era, records a glorious history of Kunming, and reflects the collapse of the feudal dynasty and the establishment of the republican system.

Architecture is a monument to human civilization. This is because it condenses human's ability to control material, precipitates social political culture, and condenses the crystallization of artists' wisdom. From the comprehensive perspective of history and social development, Kunming is an "immigrant city" formed by various historical periods and various reasons. Its architectural style is mainly influenced by the Han culture. At the same time, Kunming is located in the frontier ethnic areas, and its architectural style is obviously influenced by the architectural culture of ethnic minorities. Due to the construction of Yunnan Vietnam Railway and the opening up of commercial ports, western architectural styles also infiltrated, which made Wenming street a historical witness under the multicultural background.

From north to south, Wenming street block can be roughly divided into three areas. Due to the different historical functions, the architectural style is also very different.

Confucian temple area: Confucian temple Hengjie (now Renmin Road) north, south of Huashan South Road, the main building is Confucian temple. Kunming Confucian temple was built in the Yuan Dynasty. The present Confucian temple was built in 1690, which has a history of more than 300 years.

Confucian temple is a holy place to commemorate Confucius and promote Confucianism. The historical facts show that the historical development of Confucianism in Yunnan has made great progress

During the process, it played a great role in the storage and dissemination of advanced culture, the construction of feudal ethics in Yunnan society, and the promotion of cultural psychological identity of all ethnic groups in Yunnan and the sense of cultural identity of the Chinese nation. Confucian temple is a typical and perfect Chinese garden architecture, which is one of the larger and more exquisite buildings in the city. However, due to various reasons, the old buildings were gradually demolished and rebuilt. Except for the Lingxing gate, the Bishui bridge on panchi and the Guixiang building rebuilt around 1978, no other buildings, including steles, couplets and plaques, existed.

After the revolution of 1911, the Confucian temple became a popular paradise for the common people in Kunming, with a popular teahouse, chess room, newspaper reading room, opera lantern room and open-air stadium. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the relevant departments have repaired many times, once renamed "public entertainment park" and "Kunming mass art museum". In recent years, through renovation, it has not only maintained the characteristics of quiet environment and verdant trees, but also set up many elegant cultural activities, which are full of strong flavor of life, market and culture.

Shengli hall area: the main building in the south of Confucian temple cross street and the north of Guanghua Street is Shengli hall.

Shengli hall was built on the former site of the Governor General's residence of Yunnan and Guizhou. It started construction in 1944. At first, it was named "Zhigong hall". Later, it was renamed "Zhongshan Memorial Hall". When it was completed in 1946, it was renamed "Memorial Hall of victory of the Anti Japanese War". In addition to the arched gable of the auditorium, the traditional Xieshan style gray tube tile roof and Qing style bucket arch are adopted. Painted frame Fang, white stone GouLan, with a strong national style. The surrounding layout of Shengli hall has also been transformed. From the bird's-eye view, it is in the shape of a tall wine cup, which is quite spectacular. The arc roads on both sides of Shengli hall, Yunrui East Road and Yunrui West Road, are the cup wall, and Yunrui North Road in the north is the cup mouth. In the Qing Dynasty, an oval Yunrui Park was built as the base of the Zhaobi site of Yunnan Guizhou governor's office. Shengli hall is a model of modern architecture in Kunming.

In December 1950, the first people's Congress of Kunming laid the cornerstone of the "monument to the people's Heroes" in the center of the square in front of Shengli hall, which was completed on February 24, 1995. The monument is 27 meters high, square, and has a two-story base. The basement of the base is used to set up a memorial room for Yunnan People's heroes. The four walls at the bottom of the monument are inlaid with reliefs reflecting the history of Yunnan People's struggle. The monument is solemn and solemn, expressing the respect and memory of the people of Yunnan for the revolutionary martyrs.

In the south of Guanghua Street, it is mainly a place for people's living and commercial activities, which is the most concentrated place of folk culture.

Most of the buildings in Kunming are deeply influenced by Han culture. Historically, the layout of buildings in Kunming was mainly Han courtyard houses, which absorbed the characteristics of Bai, Yi and other ethnic groups. Generally, three single buildings (called "Fang") were formed with rooms as the unit, and then enclosed to form a "one seal" courtyard house representing the characteristics of Kunming. At the same time, the residential buildings in Kunming area also include "one-sided single square house", "three square and one screen wall", "four in five patio" and "six contract spring" from Dali Bai people in western Yunnan

Chinese PinYin : Wen Ming Jie Li Shi Wen Hua Jie Qu