Huaping Nature Reserve

Huaping National Nature Reserve

synonym

Huaping nature reserve generally refers to Huaping National Nature Reserve

Huaping National Nature Reserve: located at the junction of Longsheng and Lingui counties in Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, around weiqingling, the main peak of Tianping mountain, 80 kilometers away, formerly known as Guangfu forest region in Guilin. In 1978, it was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council, and it is also the earliest Nature Reserve in China, with a total area of 15133.33 hectares. The main protected objects are the rare and relict tree species Cathaya argyrophylla, other rare and endangered wild animal and plant resources and the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem, which belongs to the nature reserve of forest ecosystem type.

Cathaya argyrophylla, discovered and collected by Professor Zhong Jixin, deputy director of Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, at the foot of Hongyan mountain in Huaping on May 16, 1955, was identified and named by famous Chinese taxonomists Chen Huanyong and Kuang Keren. Because of the discovery of Cathaya, Huaping National Nature Reserve is known as "Huaping of China, Cathaya of the world."

In October 2018, it was rated as the national research and practice education base for primary and secondary school students.

Historical evolution

On May 16, 1954, Zhong Jixin, deputy director of Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, discovered Cathaya argyrophylla at the foot of Hongyan mountain in Huaping. Later, it was identified and named by famous Chinese taxonomists Chen Huanyong and Kuang Keren.

On October 18, 1961, according to the proposal of Guangxi Institute of Botany, the science and Technology Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region established "Guangxi Huaping forest management office".

On March 1, 1978, Huaping was listed as a national key nature reserve by the State Council. It is also the first batch of nature reserves in China and the earliest established in Guangxi.

In November 1991, it was approved to be included in China biosphere protection network.

In October 2018, it was rated as the national research and practice education base for primary and secondary school students.

geographical environment

position

Huaping National Nature Reserve of Guangxi is located around the main peak of Tianping mountain, the South Branch of Yuechengling mountain in the west of Wuling mountains.

It is located at the junction of Lingui county and Longsheng Autonomous County in the northwest of Guilin city. It is 109 ° 48 ′ 54 ″ - 109 ° 58 ′ 20 ″ east longitude and 25 ° 31 ′ 10 ″ - 25 ° 39 ′ 36 ″ north latitude.

geology

Huaping National Nature Reserve has complex geological structure and belongs to the southern edge of Jiangnan ancient land. It formed land earlier and has ancient rock strata. The strata exposed in large area in the area are mainly Cambrian, and a small area of Proterozoic Sinian strata is occasionally exposed in the western margin and northeast corner, but the exposed area is small. There are mainly two types of geological structures: fold structure and fault structure.

landforms

Huaping National Nature Reserve is a part of the South extension of Yuechengling mountain, which is a branch of Nanling Mountain. Its terrain is higher in the middle and gradually decreases to the surrounding areas, and slightly higher in the South than in the north. The water erosion and cutting effect is strong, forming higher peaks and deep valleys, most of which are between 1000 and 1500 meters above sea level. There are 24 peaks above 1500 meters above sea level, and the highest peak, guangfuding, is 1803 meters above sea level. The mountain is huge and steep, with continuous peaks and hills, developed faults, crisscross valleys, steep valleys and fjords, rugged terrain and wide range of heights. The unique geological landform forms the diversity of species and forest ecosystem in the reserve.

climate

Huaping National Nature Reserve has a mid subtropical monsoon climate. The sunshine is short and foggy. There are six months of frost and five months of snow. The wind direction is changeable. In summer, there are southeast wind and south wind, and in autumn, there are north wind and northeast wind.

① Temperature. The annual average temperature of the reserve is about 13-14 ℃, which is about 3-4 ℃ lower than that of Longsheng County and Lingui county. The extreme maximum temperature is 36.5 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 7.5 ℃. The annual average temperature is 16-17 ℃ for 500-700 meters above sea level, 13.3-14.4 ℃ for 1000-1200 meters above sea level and 10.1-11.2 ℃ for 1600-1800 meters above sea level. The climate of the reserve changes with the terrain, slope aspect, underlying surface properties, seasonal changes and forest temperature regulation.

② Precipitation. The reserve has abundant rainfall, many rainy days and heavy rainfall intensity. The normal annual rainfall in the forest area is no less than 2000 mm, which is about 0.6 times higher than the average annual rainfall (1510.1 mm) of 90 counties (cities) in Guangxi. There are horizontal and vertical variations in precipitation.

hydrology

The Nature Reserve belongs to Liujiang River system and is the source of the water system, mainly including xiaojiangkou River, coarse River, pingye River, etc. all rivers flow northward, with high gradient, low sediment content and abundant water.

soil

From top to bottom, the soil in the nature reserve can be divided into mountain red soil, mountain yellow soil and mountain yellow brown soil, and the vertical zone is obvious.

Scope of protection

Huaping National Nature Reserve covers a total area of 15133.33 hectares (227000 mu), with the west boundary of 1200m contour line on the west slope of guqingling mountain, the east boundary of pingye River Valley and Sanhe River, the north boundary of laomaoyapo and the mountains near yunachong, and the south boundary of xiaojiangkou and Daping river. Among them, the area within Longsheng County is 5266.77 hectares (79000 mu), and the area within Lingui county is 9866.66 hectares. The core area is 4891.30 hectares, the buffer area is 3668.10 hectares, and the experimental area is 6573.90 hectares. The forest coverage rate reached 98.22%. The area under the jurisdiction of the reserve involves two counties, namely Lingui and Longsheng counties, and three townships (towns), namely Huangsha, Wantian Township and Sanmen town. There are Yuhai village and Huaping village in the reserve, Huangsha village, Taoshan village, Pingshui village, Zhongjiang village and nanmu village in Lingui County, Dadi village, Jizhao village, Guping village and Daluo village in Longsheng County. There are 11 administrative villages and 56 villager groups with a total population of 10457 (among them, there are 645 people in Huaping and Yuhai villages).

Protected objects

Huaping National Nature Reserve is a nature reserve of forest ecosystem type, which mainly protects the rare and relict tree species Cathaya argyrophylla, other rare and endangered wild animal and plant resources and typical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem.

Botany

There are 1505 species of vascular plants belonging to 689 genera and 208 families in Huaping National Nature Reserve, including 180 species of pteridophytes belonging to 84 genera and 42 families, 14 species of gymnosperms belonging to 11 genera and 7 families, 1311 species of angiosperms belonging to 594 genera and 159 families (1094 species of dicotyledons belonging to 467 genera and 139 families, 217 species of monocotyledons belonging to 127 genera and 20 families). Among them, there are 3 families, 22 genera and 30 species of cultivated families, so there are 1475 species of wild vascular plants belonging to 667 genera and 205 families. There are 17 species of wild plants under state key protection. Among them, there are three national first-class protected plants, namely Cathaya argyrophylla, Taxus chinensis var. mairei and bole tree. There are 14 species of national second-class protected plants, including Golden dog, Pinus sylvestris, Fokienia hodginsii, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Liriodendron chinense, Phoebe bournei, rendou, palm tree, half Maple lotus, Toona sinensis, Cymbidium, horsetail tree, Camptotheca acuminata and xiangguoshu. Most of the plants are scattered, the number of population is small, the distribution range is narrow, and the habitat is diverse.

Cathayaargyrophylla belongs to the gymnosperms of cathayaargyrophylla, which belongs to the genus cathayaargyrophylla of Pinaceae. It is a newly discovered single genus and single species in plant taxonomy. Cathaya argyrophylla var. huapingensis is mainly distributed in the middle mountain and deep valley landforms at an altitude of 1300-1460 meters, where the terrain is high and the slope is steep. Generally, it is on the South or west slope of the mountain ridge and valley more than 30 meters above sea level. There are 6 distribution points of Cathaya argyrophylla in the nature reserve, with 1040 individuals, including 383 in menglaoguan, 90 in shetangwan, 373 in yezhutang and 189 in Wujiawan.

The age of single mother tree is about 300 years. Cathaya argyrophylla is a positive tree species, with cold resistance, wind resistance, barren resistance and other ecological characteristics.

animal

There are 315 species of vertebrates in Huaping National Nature Reserve, including 5 classes, 27 orders, 91 families, 206 genera. Among them, there are 4 species of wild animals under national first-class protection, including Golden Eagle, forest musk deer, leopard and white necked pheasant, and 35 species of wild animals under national second-class protection, including giant salamander, Sumen antelope and Tibetan chieftain monkey.

Management organization

Huaping National Nature Reserve Management Bureau is equivalent to a public institution at the level of deputy county (Department). It has six functional sections, namely, Secretary section, finance section, police station, protection and management section, scientific research and education section and operation and management section. There are 35 staff, more than 40 full-time management and protection personnel, and 4 management and protection stations. There are Huaping and Yuhai villager committees, 8 villager groups, 590 people, led by the reserve administration and the local government.

Status value

The establishment of Huaping National Nature Reserve has better protected the rare and relict tree species Cathaya argyrophylla and other rare and endangered wildlife resources and the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem. It is of great scientific value to study the phylogeny, palaeoflora, palaeogeography and the climate of the fourth glacial period of Cathaya argyrophylla.

Tourism information

Chinese PinYin : Hua Ping Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu