Takeshima

Dokdo

synonym

Takeshima (disputed island between Japan and South Korea) generally refers to Dokdo

Dokdo (Korean: head)

"Takeshima" in Japan is located at 37 ° 14 ′ 12 ″ N and 131 ° 51 ′ 51 ″ e, 94 km southeast of Yuling island. In terms of administrative division, Dokdo belongs to yulingjun, gyeongshang North Road, South Korea, while the Japanese government advocates that it should be included in the territory of yinqizhidao Town, Shimane Prefecture. Dokdo in South Korea

In Japan, it is called Takeshima (romanization: Takeshima; Hiragana: たけしま) and internationally known as liancourt Islands (English: liancourt islands; French: rochers de liancourt).

According to the western historical records about the exploration in the sea of Japan, in 1849, the French whaling ship "lijankul" came here for exploration, and they named the island lijankulyan according to the name of the ship. The most influential Atlas of the Times published in the United Kingdom still bears the French name of the island (lijankul rock). On August 10, 2012, South Korean President Lee Myung Bak boarded the disputed island of Dokdo. At present, a number of South Korean travel agencies have opened tours to Dokdo.

On June 18, South Korea will begin to hold naval exercises in the disputed island of Dokdo with Japan.

South Korea continues to carry out marine surveys around Dokdo (known as "Takeshima" in Japan), causing dissatisfaction from Japan. On May 13, 2019, Japan's chief cabinet secretary, Kan Yiwei, said at a press conference that he "did not accept and strongly protested to South Korea.".

Geography

geographical position

Dokdo island is composed of two small islands in the southwest of the sea of Japan (the East China Sea in South Korea) and 37 reefs around them. Its geographical coordinates are 37 ° 14 ′ 12 ″ N and 131 ° 51 ′ 51 ″ e. the shortest distance between East Island and West Island is 151m at low tide. East Island is located at 37 ° 14 ′ 26.8 ″ N and 131 ° 52 ′ 10.4 ″ e, 98.6m high, 2.8km long, with an area of 73297m2 and ship berthing facilities; West Island is located at 37 ° 14 ′ 30.6 ″ N and 131 ° 51 ′ 54.6 ″ e, 168.5m high, conical, with an area of 88740m2. Dokdo is 216.8km east of chubian, yuzhenjun, gyeongshang North Road, about 87.4km southeast of Yuling Island, South Korea. In addition to the two main islands (female island and male Island) in the East and west of the two islands, there are 37 small islands. The total area of all the islands is 187450 m2, which is 1 / 37 of Diaoyu Island.

geological structure

The two islands are surrounded by precipices and cliffs, so it is difficult for ships to berth. Only the south part of the East Island has a bit of beach; the West Island is conical, with an altitude of 174 meters, and the East Island is 99.4 meters. The island is only 92 km (49 nautical miles) away from the island of Yuling island in South Korea, so on a sunny day, you can see Dokdo from the saint peak of Yuling Island, while it is 161 km (86 nautical miles) away from the Yinqi islands in Japan. Geologically, like Yuling Island, it was formed by lava eruption from 4.6 million to 2 million years ago. There are still three craters in Dudao, all located in Dongdao. There is no spout in West Island. There are brother cave between East Island and West Island, zenith cave and sea erosion cave in East Island. The topography of sea erosion terrace and sea erosion cliff is very developed.

natural resources

Due to the humid climate and long-term weathering, there are 75 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 31 families growing on the volcanic soil here. Recently, dandelion, wild rose and other species are found. Every summer and autumn, colorful mountain flowers compete in Dudao. In the past, it has been the habitat of a large group of sea donkeys. On July 14, 2008, South Korea's minister of land and ocean, Zheng Zhonghuan, said that he would implement the sustainable development plan of Dokdo, set up the Dokdo management office by the end of 2008, and reintroduce the extinct sea lion Zalophus californianus japonicus.

Because of its precipitous, rocky, narrow area, strong wind all year round and lack of fresh water supply, it was originally an uninhabited island, so it had no interests of its own. However, Dudao is located at the intersection of cold current and warm current in the East China Sea, and the surrounding waters are a rich fishing ground. The fishery rights and seabed resources (fish, shellfish and seaweed) in the surrounding vast exclusive economic zone are very rich. There may also be abundant oil and gas fields on the seafloor.

climatic conditions

Due to the influence of ocean current, Dokdo is a typical temperate marine climate. The annual precipitation is relatively high, with an average of 150 days a year and an average of 1240 mm. The annual average temperature is 12 ° C, and it often snows in winter. Dudao has strong wind all year round, with an average wind speed of 4.3 m / s. it blows southwest in summer and northeast in winter.

Documentation

Korean Literature

In 512, the records of the history of the Three Kingdoms recorded that "in the summer and June of the 13th year, he returned to the mountain state and paid tribute to tuyi. Yushan kingdom is located in the east island of Mingzhou, or Yuling island. It's a hundred li away, but it doesn't accept the risk. Yichang yisifu is the leader of the army in hetero state, which is called Yushan people's foolishness. It's hard to come by. If you don't agree, let the beast trample on it. If the Chinese people are afraid, let it fall. "

According to the records of Emperor Taizong, in 1417 (the 17th year of Emperor Taizong of Korea), Jin Linyu was returned from Shandao. The local products are Dazhu, buffalo hide, raw ramie, Mianzi, Jianpu wood and so on. There are 15 households on the island, with 86 men and women. When Lin Yu returns, he will only live in a hurricane. "

"History of Korea" records: "Yuzhen County, originally Koguryo County in Zhenye County, Yiyun Guyi County, King Xinluo Jingde changed its name to county, and Korea was reduced to county. There is Yuling Island, which is located in the East China Sea of the county. In the time of Silla, it was called the state of mountains, one cloud Wuling, one cloud Yuling, and the place is a hundred Li. In the 12th year of King Zhizheng, he came down. In the 13th year of Taizu's reign, the islanders made Baiji and Tudou to present their prescriptions. In the 11th year of Yizong reign, Wang Wenyu's mausoleum was rich in soil and fertile land. There were old prefectures and counties where people could live. He sent the Ming prefectural Taoist supervisor Cang Jin Rouli to see him. Rouli HuiZou said: there are mountains in the island. From the top of the mountain to the East, there are more than 10000 steps to the sea; to the west, there are more than 13000 steps; to the south, there are more than 15000 steps; to the north, there are more than 8000 steps. There are seven village sites, including stone Buddha, iron bell, stone pagoda, duosheng bupleurum, bianben, and Shinan grass. However, there are many rocks, so people can't live in them. So they discussed it. A cloud: in the mountains, Wuling, the two islands, not far away, the wind and clear, you can see

On October 25, 1900, Emperor Gaozong of Korea issued imperial decree No. 41 of the Korean empire

Imperial Decree No. 41: "Yuling island" will be renamed "Yuling island", and "island supervisor" will be changed to "Sheriff".

Article 1: "Yuling island" is renamed as "Yuling island", attached to Jiangyuan Road, and "island supervisor" is corrected as "prefect", which is incorporated into the official system, and the prefect is in the fifth grade.

Article 2: the County Hall is designated as taixia cave, and its jurisdiction includes "Yuling island" and "Zhudao" and "Shidao".

In 1906, Shidao was first called Dudao in the report of Shen Xingze, governor of Yuling Prefecture. In this year, Huang Yu, a Korean folk scholar, recorded Dokdo in detail in his book Mei Quan Ye Lu: "one island, named Dokdo, is hundreds of miles east of the ocean of Yuling island. It used to belong to Yuling island. The Japanese called it their territory and went to examine it."

In 1914, North Korea transferred Yuling island from Jiangyuan road to Qingshang North Road.

In August 1947, the South Korean Mountain Association organized an academic survey of Yuling island and Dokdo island.

On August 15, 1948, the government of the Republic of Korea was established, and the first generation President Lee Cheng Wan took office. He incorporated the island cave on the south side of yulingyi, gyeongshang North Road, into Dokdo.

On June 30, 1948, the U.S. Air Force bombing exercise resulted in dozens of South Korean fishermen who were fishing off Dokdo. On January 6, 1951, a memorial stone for fishermen was built.

On January 18, 1952, based on South Korean President Lee Seung Wan's declaration of maritime sovereignty, South Korea announced a fishing vessel's entry prohibition line, namely "Lee Seung Wan Line", including Dokdo under the rule of South Korea. South Korea calls it the "peace line.". Therefore, the issue of Dokdo has attracted Japan's attention.

In 1981, South Korea built a military heliport on the island.

On November 16, 1982, South Korea classified the area of Dokdo as "natural protection area of Dokdo", No. 336.

In 1993, South Korea built a lighthouse on the island.

On May 4, 2006, the South Korean government announced that it would invest 34.25 billion won in the next five years to develop natural resources in Dokdo and its surrounding areas.

On July 29, 2008, then South Korean Prime Minister Han Seung soo boarded Dokdo, "to show that Dokdo has been a part of South Korean territory since ancient times.".

On September 9, 2008, then South Korean President Lee Myung Bak reiterated that South Korea would respond calmly and effectively

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Dao