Qiantang first well

Qiantang first well

The first well of Qiantang is located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The ancient well faces west and the overall layout is concave. Five wells are distributed in the central part of the patio, with boundary steles engraved as "the boundary of the ancient well wall". The big well was dug by shideshao of Wuyue state in the Five Dynasties. When it was first dug, it had a circumference of four Zhang and a large scale. The well head had no cover. It was named "the first spring of Wushan". During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty, people often fell into the well and drowned. Taiwei Dong Dezhi covered the well with a large stone plate and left six wells. In the seventh year of Chunyou reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a severe drought in Hangzhou, but this well did not dry up. During the Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, the wellhead was changed into five eyes, which lasted for thousands of years. The people's livelihood was benefited. It is an important witness of the construction of water conservancy and the transformation of nature by the ancient working people in Hangzhou.

introduce

Qiantang first well

years

Five Dynasties

Announcement time

March 16, 2005

Appearance and structure

"Qiantang first well" is located in the courtyard of a residential building at No.22 Dajing Lane, Qinghefang, Hangzhou. There are five wells arranged in an irregular oval shape. The first well of Qiantang has a depth of about 4 meters, an inner diameter of more than 1 meter, and a static water level of about 1.8 meters. The wall of the well is built with stones, and the shaft platform is plastered with cement, and the floor is paved with imitation square bricks. The well circle is hexagonal with cement, 32 cm in height and 34 cm in inner diameter. There are two floors of Zoumalou on three sides, with brick and wood structure. Judging from the style, it is a heritage of the Republic of China.

history

Records of ancient books

The first well of Qiantang, also known as Dajing, was formerly known as Hanquan. Dajingxiang is also named after it. According to the ancient books, "the North well of Wushan is called Wushan well, which was opened by the emperor shishao of Wuyue. It is the first well in Qiantang. The mountain range melts, the spring source bell, does not mix the rivers and lakes the water, meets the drought does not dry up There are five wells in the well, and the characters "gudajing" are engraved on the north and south sides of the well circle. The historical evolution well was chiseled by Shide Shao of Wuyue state in the Five Dynasties. According to legend, Dajing was dug by Shao Guoshi in Wu and Yue dynasties. "Menglianglu" once recorded: "Qiantang first well, mountain melt, spring bell, not miscellaneous rivers and lakes water, in case of drought not dry."

The Southern Song Dynasty

At the beginning of the excavation, it was about 40 feet high, with a large scale and no cover at the wellhead, which was called "the first spring in Wushan mountain". During the Shaoxing reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, because there was no cover on the wellhead, people often fell into the well and drowned. In the seventh year of emperor LiZong's Chunyou reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a severe drought in Hangzhou, and all the wells in the city were exhausted. However, this well did not dry up. It comforted Zhao and Zou to set up the ancestral hall, which was the so-called Dragon King ancestral hall. On June 6, 1202, the second year of Jiatai in the Southern Song Dynasty, the house of Zhang Jun, the former king of Qinghe County, was on fire, with more than 700 households in Yanliao lane. After that, Tai Shou Ding Chang accidentally found the well in the rubble. After several days of sorting, he could see the whole picture and drink sweetly. According to volume 4 of Er Lao Tang magazine, the wellhead of the well is engraved with the words "it was opened in the second year of the Qing Dynasty in the later Tang Dynasty". If this theory can be accepted, the well was dug in 935 ad.

Ming Dynasty

In the fifth year of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Liben, who participated in politics, carved the five characters "Wushan first spring" on a stone beside the well. Ten years after emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty, the pavilion was burned and the well was filled with rubble. During the Hongzhi period of emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, the wood and stone in the well bore were all damaged. During the period of participating in politics, Zhou Muyu renovated the well bore and changed it into five eyes.

On the right side of the alley not far from the first well of Qiantang, there is an ancient well, named Xiaojing, which was dug in Wuyue period. According to the records of Lin'an annals of Xianchun, this well was originally called Tianjing, which had been buried for many years without knowing where it was.

After liberation

In 1986, Hangzhou Municipal People's government declared "Qiantang first well" as a municipal cultural relics protection unit. After thousands of years, it still provides clear well water for washing and cooking in the neighborhood.

At present, the first well of Qiantang is managed by Zhu Bingren, the first person in the field of copper in China. He has deep feelings for this place. Now he devotes himself to protecting the "big well". In order to restore the landscape, he combines the traditional Fengshui culture, wealth culture and copper culture, and carries out modern transformation on the basis of maintaining the historical features of the scenic spot. He not only created the plaque of "the first well in Qiantang" with copper calligraphy, but also put a pair of "water absorbing Dragon King Stone Sculptures" in his collection on both sides of the gate. Because in geomantic omen, water is wealth, and the "Dragon King of absorbing water" will bring good luck to Hangzhou citizens. Inside, large murals vividly present the allusions of "the first well in Qiantang" to tourists, and there are four vivid statues of the Dragon King for tourists to pray and wish.

Both the historical legends and the commercial culture bred in today's dajingxiang make us feel the strong flavor of Wuyue culture. Many historians regard it as "the oldest street left behind by Hangzhou", and "the first well of Qiantang" is the most important one in the main shaft. I believe that with the efforts of Master Zhu Bingren, it will become another highlight of Hangzhou's cultural landscape.

value

The first well of Qiantang is a municipal cultural relic protection unit with important cultural relic value.

This well is an important physical witness of water conservancy construction in Wuyue state

Hangzhou area is a land evolved from shallow sea. The groundwater is salty and cannot be drunk. In Tang Dynasty, the water from West Lake could only be introduced into the city. Many times, the kings of Wu and Yue built large-scale stone ponds to prevent the tide from flowing back into the city. At the same time, they dredged the West Lake for many times and further diverted the water from the lake as the water source of the rivers in the city. With the gradual desalination of groundwater, Qian and his successors dug a large number of wells in various places, which not only solved the increasing drinking water needs of residents in the east of West Lake, but also created conditions for the expansion of Hangzhou to the East.

This well is the only one that can be used in Hangzhou

The maintenance of this well has been recorded in the past dynasties, and it has an important historical position. The first well in Qiantang is clear and sweet, "not mixed with the flavor of the rivers and lakes, deep and clean", which is called "the holy water of Hangzhou" together with hupaoquan, Longjing, Yuquan and guopojing in mingchenghua's Hangzhou Fu Zhi. Although this well is located in the densely populated area of Hangzhou City, it is easy to be polluted, but because of its large water inflow and strong self purification capacity, it still maintains good water quality, and is the best groundwater resource in Hangzhou city. For hundreds of years up to now, the existing well still provides domestic water for the surrounding residents. After thousands of years of vicissitudes, the water quality of five dry wells is clear. It has become a good place for Chinese and foreign tourists to explore the ancient charm of the famous city. The plaque of "the first well in Qiantang" leaps into the eye, making people's eyes bright. The first well of Qiantang is arranged in an irregular ellipse. Wushan mountain spring is at the bottom of the well. For thousands of years, a well of water has nourished many generations of people in the ancient city and aroused many people's long-term memory. Qiantang first well, also known as Hanquan, wushanjing and Dajing, is the first well in Qiantang. He witnessed the rise and fall of the ancient capitals of the Six Dynasties, and knew the world by observing the well. According to relevant data, Hangzhou people first used lake water, river water and precipitation as drinking water. By 1930, there were 4824 ancient wells in the city. "Qiantang first well" should be a public well shared by ordinary people. It includes the culture of Wu and Yue, and makes the cultural context of Wu and Yue prosperous forever. Fortunately, in the golden age, all walks of life recognized the important cultural value of "Qiantang first well". In 1986, the well group was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Hangzhou, and now it is a provincial first-class cultural protection building. It is an important part of Qinghefang historical district and a great blessing.

Cultural relics protection

The situation in ancient times

According to Volume 13 of West Lake browsing records written by Mingtian Rucheng, there were gold and silver polychromatic fish in the bones at that time, which were several feet long, either hidden or present. It is said that they came from the bottom of the well. After thousands of years, today's Qiantang first well still has clear water. In case of drought, it will not overflow for a long time. The existing well ring is made of concrete by later generations, which is hexagonal and engraved with the word "ancient patio". In April 1986, it was announced by Hangzhou Municipal People's government as a key cultural relics protection unit.

Current situation of cultural relics protection

The first well of Qiantang is located in a 20 square meter patio, engraved with the words "gudajing". There are five wellheads, arranged in an irregular oval shape. Mr. Zhang, a citizen, said that fewer and fewer people use well water now, so well water has become stagnant water. When the temperature is high in summer, the water is full of bubbles and stinks. Nowadays, fewer and fewer people use well water. Almost no one drinks well water. Everyone uses tap water, and most of the wells are sealed off. If no one uses it, the well water will become stagnant water. After a long time, it will stink naturally. In addition, the water quality is also related to the temperature. In summer, the temperature is high and the volatility is high. Various components in the water adjust with the temperature. If you want to make the well water completely clear, it is best to drain the well water, and then clear the mud at the bottom of the well. In this way, new surface water will be added and the water will be clear. After that, some disinfectants should be sprinkled regularly. If the well water is not used for a long time, it will stink.

For an ancient well such as Qiantang No.1 well, it needs to be protected by relevant departments, and it also needs people to enhance their awareness of cultural relics protection. This ancient well has a long history of water and energy.

Address: No.22 Dajing Lane, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou

Longitude: 120.170307

Latitude: 30.239068

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : Qian Tang Di Yi Jing