Dawang Temple

Dawang Temple

Dawang Temple (the second batch of provincial protection) is located in Fanzhuang village, donghuangshui Town, Yangqu county.

Dawang temple is the palace of Zhao Wu, a doctor of the state of Jin, the God of Tibetan mountain. According to the inscription on the back purlin, it was built in 1467, the third year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty. The main hall faces south, three rooms wide and three rooms deep, with a side length of 9.7 meters, a square plane and a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain. Xumizuo is built under the front eaves, and there is a bluestone base under it. It is surrounded by a single arch and a Dougong.

In Dawang temple, the front and back of the inner beam and the four rafters constitute the square beam at the mouth of the well, which is placed vertically and horizontally in the middle of the temple. The four corners of the temple are raised by three layers of angle beams and Dougong, and the bottom is decorated with vertical beams and columns to form "suspended beams and hanging columns", so it is also called "no beam hall".

There are pictures of going out and going back to the palace on the mountain wall of Dawang temple, and more than 80 square meters of frescoes on the back wall. The frescoes are decorated with powder and gold. They are the best works of frescoes in the Ming Dynasty.

Historical evolution

Dawang temple is located in Xiguan village, Chengguan Town, Yuxian County, on the North Bank of Xianghe river. Sacrifice "Yihua God", also known as "King God", "king of Tibetan mountain". This temple was called zangshan temple in ancient times. Zhao Wenzi's ancestral hall commemorates Zhao Wu, the Prime Minister of Jin State in the spring and Autumn period. Zhao Wenzi is Zhao Wu, the orphan rescued by Gongsun Chujiu and Cheng Ying in the world-famous orphan of Zhao family.

The story of Zhao's orphan has been handed down in Yuxian for thousands of years. There are still nine temples dedicated to Zhao Wu on the ground of Yuxian. People in the Dawang temple in Yangqu County, Shanxi Province still call Zhao Wu "Dawang" and Zhao Wu Temple "Dawang Temple" just like the ancients. According to the records of Yuxian County in the seventh year of Guangxu (1881), "wenzixing ancestral temple: in the western city, it is fragrant in Hebei Province, and it is sacrificed on the fifth day of the spring and Autumn period."

The value of historical materials

According to the inscriptions in the temple, the temple was built in the 12th year of jindading (A.D. 1172). It was rebuilt in the first year of Kangxi (A.D. 1662) and rebuilt in the 27th year of Daoguang (A.D. 1847). These inscriptions are of great historical value for the study of Dawang temple.

The temple faces south and consists of two courtyards. On its axis, the mountain gate, the instrument gate, the stele room, the stage, the bell tower, the drum tower, the main hall and the back hall are distributed successively from south to north. The main building is arranged on a central axis, and there are no Gallery, side hall and other ancillary buildings on both sides of the central axis, so the vision is broad and the momentum is magnificent. The gate is three rooms wide, 9.2 meters wide, 4.5 meters deep, and 6.1 meters high. It has a hard single eaves and a double roof structure.

The platform base is connected with the music tower, 1.18 meters above the ground, decorated with stone railings. There is a lower passage in the middle of the mountain gate, and the two sides are padded up to level with the platform of the music tower. During the performance, the wooden board becomes a flat platform, which can have a good view. The music tower was built in 1782, with three rooms in width, five rafters in depth, and a rolling shed roof with twelve wooden columns.

Layout structure

The main hall is the main building of Dawang temple, which is well preserved. The main hall has three rooms, 16.4 meters wide and 10.8 meters deep. The plane layout is almost square. There are corridors around the hall. The main hall is a wooden structure, which is composed of three parts: platform, roof truss and roof from bottom to top. The base of the platform is not high, and it is made of bluestone; the roof truss is of exquisite wood, curved brackets, and stacked layer upon layer; the roof has a single eaves, and there are six beasts on the top of the mountain, with far-reaching eaves and great momentum.

The main hall is supported by wooden columns. Beams and columns are used on the columns to form the roof truss. Walls are built along the columns, and doors and windows are set on them. Around the wooden column, slightly inward, set into a "side corner", corner column slightly higher. The scientific point of the design is to make the beam, column and brace stress uniform and closely combined, so as to increase the stability. The stone carvings on the base of the pillars are exquisitely carved, and the details are well handled, reflecting the exquisite architectural skills of the ancients.

The internal space of the hall is bright, and the "method of reducing columns" is used. This technique appeared in the Liao Dynasty. It is to subtract a number of columns from the plane of the building, and the number of columns is proportional to the size of the area. This method was widely used in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, but it was not used in large-scale buildings after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There was no open column in the hall, and the whole roof was completely supported by hidden columns and porch columns in the gables. As a result, the columns in the hall were reduced, the longitudinal span of the building was expanded, and a spacious place was provided for the setting of shrines and statues.

Well preserved

The structure of the back hall is basically the same as that of the main hall. There are three rooms with a width of 10 meters. The roof is suspended on the top of the mountain, with seven purlins and four rafters. The style of the whole hall retains the obvious style of the Liao Dynasty, especially in the details such as the round windows on the walls of the hall. The roof of the hall has seven purlins, four rafters, five spines and six beasts. The front and rear eaves have four layers of vertical and horizontal columns. Although the beams, columns, columns and brackets are relatively thick, the mortise and tenon are tight and the construction is stable.

This kind of practice is rare in ancient wooden buildings in China. There are two ancient locust trees in front of the hall. It is said that they were planted in the Tang Dynasty, with luxuriant branches and leaves, tall crown, and twisted branches.

The stele room on the east side of the main hall contains sixteen stone tablets built in the past dynasties, with strong brushwork and clear handwriting. Among them, there are many rare treasures, such as the statue stele of Confucius. This stele was erected in the third year of Yanyou reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1316 AD). It was originally stored in the Confucius Temple. After the Confucius Temple was demolished, it was moved to the Dawang temple, and the body of the stele was broken. The monument is 1.24 meters high, 1.02 meters wide and 0.2 meters thick, with a semicircular top.

On the front of the monument, there are pictures on the left and texts on the right, with the title of "xuanshenggungong Xiaojing". Wenji Confucius Temple was built in the 11th year of Tang Tianbao (767 A.D.). The picture depicts the whole body of Confucius, followed by his disciple Yan Hui. The knife is exquisite, the lines are smooth and vivid. After a hundred years of charm, the portrait in the monument is a copy of the famous painting of Wu Daozi, a famous painter of the Tang Dynasty. The calligraphy system is a copy of Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy. The full text is written by Cheng Hao, a famous Neo Confucianist of the Song Dynasty. It was carved in stone by Chen Jilin and decorated with cloud pattern.

Precious cultural relics

In addition, Dawang temple also has precious cultural relics such as the ancient bell of West Temple and the cliff statue of thousand Buddha Temple.

Dawang temple is a model of architecture in Jin Dynasty of China. What it left to later generations is not only the architectural value and the significance of historical relics, but also the legend of Zhao Wenzi's great achievements. Together with Tibetan mountain, it became the representative of Yuxian culture.

architectural style

Once upon a time, the temple was surrounded by dragons and phoenixes. The walls were full of red and blue. The landscape figures were vivid, and the clay statues were elegant. The whole temple was magnificent. Unfortunately, all the painted sculptures and murals in this hall have been destroyed. The most valuable building in history is the back hall of Dawang temple. According to experts, this hall belongs to the Liao Dynasty. The back hall has three rooms in total, with the north facing south. Its width is 12.1 meters, depth is 6.6 meters, and the tail is 6 meters high. Its shape and structural characteristics are basically the same as those of the main hall. Seven purlins, four rafters, five spines and six beasts. The front and rear eaves are erected with four layers of railings and four layers of horizontal railings. The beams, columns, railings and brackets are all made of thick materials, but the mortise and tenon are tight and the construction is stable. In particular, the bucket arch system is diverse, with different top and bottom, different capitals and patching spaces. The rolling brakes at both ends of each arch are five petals, and each petal is slightly curved inward. This practice is rare in ancient wooden buildings.

Dawang Temple originally built three stele rooms, which is the place with the largest number of Steles in Yuxian temple. The so-called stele carving is abundant. The ancient steles are like a forest, with beautiful shape, rich text and pictures, strong brushwork and clear handwriting. Today, the stele room has been destroyed, and some steles have also been damaged. There are two ancient locust trees in front of the temple. The tree crown is tall, the waist circumference is 7.5 meters, and the branches are round. They are ancient and simple. It is said that they were planted when the temple was first built. Up to now, they are thousands of years old.

Related allusions

Zhao Wu? -(541 BC), namely Zhao Meng, was a ruling official of Jin State in the spring and Autumn period. Zhao's family is a member of the Jin Dynasty. His great grandfather, Zhao Shuai, was a senior official in the time of Wen Gong, who helped Wen Gong achieve hegemony. His grandfather Zhao Dun, as the ruling Minister of the state of Jin, went through three dynasties: Xianggong, linggong and Chenggong. His father Zhao Shuo succeeded as a doctor when he was king of Jin Dynasty. His son Zhao Cheng, the word king uncle, posthumous Zhao Jingzi, his grandson Zhao Yang.

In 597 BC, tu'anjia, a senior official of the state of Jin who was the commander of the Imperial Army, plotted to make trouble to control the state of Jin and decided to eliminate the Zhao's forces first. On the pretext that Zhao Chuan (Zhao Dun's younger brother) had assassinated the Duke of Jin Ling, Zhao Dun was responsible for it, so he sent troops against the Duke of Jin Jing to attack the Zhao family in Xiagong, killed Zhao Shuo, Zhao Tong, Zhao Kuo, Zhao Yingqi, and destroyed the whole Zhao family.

Zhao Shuo's wife, the elder sister of Jin Chenggong, was pregnant at that time and fled to the palace. After a while, he gave birth to a boy, Zhao Wu, the famous orphan of Zhao family in history. According to the records of the Zhao family in historical records, Tu an Jia Zeng went to the palace to search for orphans. Zhao Shuo's wife hid the orphans in the trouser file and said, "if the Zhao family is destroyed, it's like a number; if it's not destroyed, it's like silence." Sure enough, in the process of searching, the orphan did not make a sound. Later, the orphan was finally rescued from the palace by Zhao Shuo's guest Gongsun Chujiu and Zhao Shuo's friend Cheng Ying. Gongsun Chujiu gave his life for this, and Cheng Ying took the orphan to hide in the mountains. (today, there is a Tibetan mountain in Yu County, Shanxi Province, which is said to be the lonely place of Cheng Ying at that time. Today, there are also Tibetan mountains in the western suburbs of Xinzhou City and Zhongtiao Mountain in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province. Note: the capital of linggong and Jinggong is still in Jiang, which is Yicheng County of Shanxi Province. The place of Tibetan isolation should not be too far away from the capital. It should be in the south of Shanxi Province, so it seems to be the Tibetan mountain of Zhongtiao Mountain in Yuanqu County.

At the age of 15, with the efforts of Han Jue, a senior official of Jin Dynasty, and others, Duke Jing of Jin vindicated Zhao's unjust imprisonment,

Chinese PinYin : Da Wang Miao