Daci Yanfu Palace

Daci Yanfu Palace

Daci Yanfu palace is located at 223 Chaoyang mennei street in Beijing, adjacent to the street in the South and Dongsi Toutiao in the north. According to Qianlong's complete picture of the capital, the west road is the main body; the north part of the east road is the temple, and the south part is a two entrance house facing east and West, which should be Daochang's house; the east part is the long and narrow empty courtyard and east wall. The temple was built in 1481, the 17th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, and completed the following year. It is called the great mercy Yanfu palace. It is also known as the Sanguan Temple because it worships the three gods of heaven, earth and water.

history

Early construction

It was rebuilt in 1525. In the early years of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Manchu and Han people gathered here to teach. Qianlong 36 years (1771) and rebuilt, and the provisions of the annual New Year's day temple incense, temple fair. Most of the temple fairs are located in Juyi stalls, so the Hutong in the temple is also called Juyi street.

According to Qianlong's "complete picture of the capital" and relevant records, there are bell and drum towers in the three gates of the west road. In the north, there are three gates and three halls, with partition walls on both sides. The main hall of the courtyard is the Daci Yanfu hall, with five surrounding corridors, a platform in the front and a Baoxia building in the back. There are two stele pavilions on both sides of the platform. There are three East Hall, three Baozhen hall, and three West Hall, three fashan hall. After the main hall, there are three halls, three in each, with Ziwei hall in the middle, Qingqing hall in the East and Qinghua hall in the West. The above buildings and the Daochang mansion in the south of East Road were demolished when the office building was built in the early 1950s. Now the rest is the East Road Temple. In the south, there is a wall with green glazed tile top and red wall body. Only one door is opened on the wall. The front of the courtyard is Tongming hall, which is three rooms wide and seven purlins deep. There is no front porch. The single eaves rest on the top of the mountain. The bucket arches under the eaves step on the top of the mountain three times. There is a ceiling at the top of the hall's mouth. In the middle of the hall, there are two dragons playing with pearls and eight caisson. The back hall is an extended hall with five rooms in width and five purlins in depth. There is no front porch and it hangs on the top of the mountain. The two halls are made of black glazed tiles with green edges, and are equipped with beast kisses. The two halls are connected with the base by Yonglu Road. Both sides of the main hall are corner rooms, and the front is the auxiliary hall. The East Hall has been destroyed, while the West Hall remains and has been restored in recent years. After the restoration of the southern wall, a new Ruyi gate with green roof and red wall was built on the original wall gate.

Incense extinction

However, from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there was no incense at all. According to folklore, at the end of Ming Dynasty, the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng was close to the capital. Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youjian was so frightened that he went to the great mercy Yanfu palace to seek help from the gods and draw lots to predict the bad luck. However, even seeking three signatures is not conducive to the content. Emperor Chongzhen was so angry that he issued an edict: this temple will never get incense! Soon, the rebel army invaded the capital. The fact of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty is deeply imprinted in people's minds, so that the temple is considered unlucky, and even the incense is cut off. After the Qing Dynasty was established in Beijing, it was not until the 36th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1771) that the restoration was carried out for a year. "In Qianlong's reign of Gengyin, Jiaping was the first time to work, and when I read Xinmao's yuechen, I would like to use the bottom of the water. If it's worth the money, I'd like to pay for it." 6. The incense of Da CI Yan Fu Palace can be continued. Every year during the new year's day, the temple fair in front of the temple is also very busy, especially in front of the temple. There are many clothes estimation stalls along the way, so that this street is called "clothes estimation Street". During the period of the Republic of China, the road was built in front of the temple, and the temple fair was changed to be next to the temple.

Palace demolition

Since the 1950s, two units have successively built office buildings at the original site of Yanfu palace in Daci. Most of the ancient buildings have been demolished and the steles have disappeared. Only Tongming hall, yanzuo hall and some West rooms in the east courtyard are left. The shrine and caisson on the top of the hall are exquisitely carved. Because the occupied unit is provided with ceiling, it remains intact. In 1998, the occupier rebuilt the back hall and the middle hall. On February 23, 1990, the Beijing Municipal People's government announced that the architectural remains of the great mercy Yanfu Palace are the key cultural relics protection units in Beijing

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When the temple was demolished, there were still 12 sitting statues of heaven, earth and water officials and 12 standing statues of civil servants and military ministers, which were moved into the Zhihua temple as the warehouse of the Municipal Bureau of cultural relics. These statues are carved with gold and Phoebe, with makeup and gilded powder. The dress is of Ming Dynasty style, with vivid patterns. Each statue has viscera made of cotton and silk in its abdomen, and has hundreds of volumes of sutras such as "nine days to answer the thunder of the Yuan Dynasty, to popularize the emperor of heaven to say jade and treasure Sutra". Later, due to the restoration of Zhihua temple, the statue was moved to Dongyue Temple outside Chaoyang Gate and displayed in Yude hall. The three officials of heaven, earth and water sit on the bed where the Dragon roams, holding guiban in hand, wearing a flat crown of heaven on the head, wearing coronal clothes and climbing teeth. Tianguanduan is in the middle of the circle. He has a gentle and benevolent expression. He has an extraordinary charm. He has an elegant manner. The local officials and the water officials sit on their left and right sides. The local officials have a calm look. The yellow face means the color of the earth. Water officer wide face round chin, Qiu beard round eyes, face black red, look mighty. On both sides of the three official statues, there are eight civil and military courtiers. There are two statues of Wen Chen with seven beam crowns on their heads and court clothes, and two of them are Taoist attire, elegant and dignified. Generals wear Futou on their heads and wear armour on their bodies. They are powerful and capable. Vivid modeling design, smooth and exquisite production process show the superb level of Ming Dynasty statue art.

Three official belief

origin

Sanguan belief originated from ancient ancestors' natural worship of heaven, earth and water. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Ling founded wudoumi road. Further emphasis on the worship of heaven, earth and water. Wudoumi road has wine offering and ghost officials. Offering wine mainly teaches Laozi's Tao Te Ching, and ghost officials are responsible for praying and treating patients. Pei Songzhi in the southern and Northern Dynasties introduced the "please pray method" of wudoumi Dao in the annotation of the biography of Zhang Lu in the annals of the Three Kingdoms: "there is Zhang Xiu in Hanzhong, who cultivates wudoumi Dao, the ghost official Lord prays for the sick, the method of please pray, the name of the patient, and the meaning of persuading sin. Three links, one of the sky, the mountain; one of the buried land; one of the sinking water, called the "three official handwriting". In May 1982, a farmer in Dengfeng County, Henan Province found a gold bamboo slip from the period of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty in a stone crevice at the top of Junji peak of Songshan Mountain, praying for Wu Zetian's immunity and blessing. It can be seen that the praying method of "heaven on the mountain" has spread far.

Three officials

The so-called "three officials" refer to: Emperor Ziwei, the first official of Shangyuan Dynasty, Emperor Qingxu, the second official of Zhongyuan Dynasty, and Emperor Dongyin, the third official of Xiayuan Dynasty. The three officials are in charge of the fortune and misfortune in the world, and the ghosts and gods move around. Under the three officials, there are three government departments, left, right and middle respectively, which are responsible for the examination of life, death, crime and happiness in the world. Because the functions of the three officials are closely related to people's life, the three officials belong to the well-known God worshippers in the Taoist group. That is to say, if you want to gain fame and wealth and prolong your life, you can worship and bless the great emperor of Ziwei Tianguan; if you want to be forgiven for your sins, you can worship the great emperor of Qingxu diguan; if you want to eliminate disasters and avoid disasters, you can worship the great emperor of jieerdong Yinshui. Therefore, the three officials in the folk can be compared with the Guanyin Bodhisattva worshipped by Buddhism, enjoying the incense of all people, and their prestige is very high. In the Tang Dynasty, many painters such as fan Qiong, Sun Wei and Zhang Suqing all painted portraits of the three officials, which greatly enriched the image of the three officials. The worship of the three officials also had a great influence on social life, and some taboos related to the three officials appeared. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, it was stipulated that the slaughtering should be cut off for three days during the Sanyuan Festival when the Sanguan emperor was born. In Song Dynasty, there was a system to stop the execution of capital criminals in Sanyuan period. But the widespread popularity of the worship of the three officials was in the Ming Dynasty. According to the preface to the three Sutras of taishangshuo, Zhou Hengxing and his family in the east of Fengdu County, Zhongzhou Road, Sichuan Province,... In the 17th year of Hongwu (1384)... The whole family was not cured of the disease,... Only one son, long beard and barefoot, had no disease. Three Taoists sent a copy of sanguanjing to teach Longsun to read and recite it. This is the third official emperor's next life to save the people and teach and recite this sutra. "San Guan Jing appeared later. Sanguanjing, also known as the supreme three yuan Sutra of blessing, forgiving sins, relieving misfortune, eliminating calamity, prolonging life and protecting life, is one of the xudaocang, which is recorded at the end of the fourth volume of detailed notes to daocang catalogue in Ming Dynasty. If it is not included in the original of daozang, it means that it is a later book. It can be inferred that the Ming Dynasty should be the time to build temples and worship the three officials. Tianguan is the most popular among the three officials. In the Qing Dynasty, Tianguan belief was very common. People regarded many children, longevity and wealth as the content of "blessing". Therefore, the hope for children, longevity and wealth was placed on Tianguan, and Tianguan evolved into "blessing God of wealth". In modern times, Tianguan was combined with yuanwailang and Nanji Xianweng, who were the representatives of Guanlu, and they were called Fu, Lu and shousanxing. Wearing a red official uniform, the statue of "Tianguan blessing" has become ten folk auspicious New Year pictures.

origin

There are different opinions about the origin of the three officials. One is to explain the origin of the three officials with the theory of Yin Yang and five elements. It is believed that the origin of the three officials lies in the three Qi of gold, water and earth. The first month of the three seasons is called Sanyuan. Jin Wei Sheng, waiting for the weather; soil for Cheng, waiting for the atmosphere; water for Hua, waiting for the atmosphere. Sanyuan is just three temporary palace, so it is called sanguanyiye 11.

Another view is that the original heaven took the nine Qi of Shiyang, the seven Qi of Qingxu, the five Qi of Chenhao, and the total intake. In the period of ninety-nine, he felt that they were well integrated and formed the body of spirit fetus. On the fifteenth day of the first month, he vomited a son from his mouth, then on the fifteenth day of July, and then on the fifteenth day of October. These three sons were Yao, Shun, and Yu. Because of their great achievements in governing the world, they were awarded the title of three officials.

There is also a saying that "all the three officials are the admonishments of the king of Zhou. These three remonstrators were Tang Chong, Ge Yong and Zhou Wu, also known as "Tianmen general", who were granted the title of God after death.

More popular is that three

Chinese PinYin : Da Ci Yan Fu Gong