Baimaguan Fort

Baimaguan Fort

Baimaguanbao, located in the great wall section of Shitang road in Miyun, Beijing, is a frontier fortress. The scenic spot is rectangular, with a perimeter of more than 400 meters. There is a South Gate with a stone plaque of "baimaguanbao" 2 meters long and 1 meter wide on the gate tower. It was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty and has been listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit.

history

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, in order to ensure the security of the border areas, the Great Wall was built along the border of Inner Mongolia in the north of North China, and castles were successively built in the important areas of the border cities.

Miyun is subordinate to Jizhen, which is 1200 Li from Shanhaiguan to Juyongguan in Changping. There are four roads in the border city in Miyun. Baimaguan belongs to the great wall section of Shitang road and is also a fortress in the border city. In the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, the castle was built in baimaguan, which was a simple small castle at first. In 1551, the fortress was rebuilt, the officials were transferred to guard the pass, the city was built, the border was repaired, the army was led to strengthen the border city, the height and thickness were increased, the crenels were set up, the sub wall was built, the observation building was built, and the defense city was built, so that the border city could attack and defend, and the defense war was all-round.

Geography

Baimaguan castle is located in the northern mountain area of Miyun. The mountains and rivers are more than 30 Li long, the gorge road is narrow, the mountains are undulating, and the terrain is precipitous. From the north of the castle, more than 10 Li long ditch is baimachuan. The name of baimachuan comes from Baimashan. In the Ming Dynasty, the boundary between Baima Mountain and Mongolian tribe was formed naturally. The south of Dashan mountain was the territory of Ming Dynasty, and the north of Dashan mountain was the Mongolian tribe. The Ming dynasty built the Great Wall pass in the strategic fortress of baimachuan gorge, and built this small castle.

name

It is said that Maguan castle was built in the Qin Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains, and the patriotic soldiers led by General Yang fought against the Jin bravely. There is a local legend that Yang LIULANG alone controlled the three passes. Yang LIULANG was brave and good at fighting, which spread all over the Central Plains and made the Jin soldiers flee. When the Jin soldiers invade the Yanshan area, Yang LIULANG sticks his gun at the gate of the wall Road, guards the Gubeikou pass by himself, and ties his white horse to the gate of the white horse pass. The Jin soldiers' spies probe into this situation. Run away in confusion, dare not pass, white horse pass hence the name.

scenic spot

Baimaguan castle is rectangular, more than 400 meters in circumference, with a south gate. The stone plaque of "baimaguan Castle" 2 meters long and 1 meter wide on the gate tower is still eye-catching. The wall of the city is made of big Jueshan stone, the gate hole is made of brick, and the gate is made of brick. It is very strong. There is a pavilion on the wall of the gate, which is the guard tower. In 2001, there was a collapse in the castle, which was repaired by the county cultural relics department. On the outside of the city gate stood a monument inscribed by the city cultural relics department.

On the way to baimachuan, there is a small mountain village with hundreds of families, behind which there is an independent small stone mountain. There are many characters on the rocks of xiaoshishan facing south, which have not been recognized by people for a long time. According to the characters, they are called Fanzi. Later, experts from the Institute of Ethnology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences identified that some of these characters are Sanskrit, gurnipor, some are Mongolian and Tibetan, and the content of the characters is the Buddhist "six character mantra", that is, kouyan, Ma, er, Ba, MI and kouniu. The characters on the stone carvings are arranged in two, three or four lines horizontally, which is the repeated writing of "six character truth". Because this stone carving has not been recognized by local people for a long time, it gives people a sense of mystery. Some mixed engraving, up is Sanskrit, down is Tibetan. Some of them sign their names under the "six character mantra" and some of them record the year. Fanzipai cliff inscriptions, known as Yiqi in baimachuan, have been listed as municipal cultural relics protection units.

There is an ancient tomb at Wuli north of fanzipai village. It is said that it is the tomb of Empress Dowager Xiao. It looks like a hill far away. People still doubt whether it is a hill or a tomb. From then on, there is a group of ancient tombs in Sanli, which is said to be Liao tombs. This group of ancient tombs has not been excavated, and there is no identification of authenticity.

On the mountain opposite the ancient castle of baimaguan, a small peak rises. According to the local population, when Yang LIULANG was guarding Miyun three pass alone, he visited Baima pass and often climbed the hill to tie the Bailong horse he had received in baimachuan to the hill. Whenever the northern Liao soldiers invade baimaguan, they must first see if there is Yang LIULANG's white dragon horse on the top of the hill. As long as they see the white dragon horse, they immediately withdraw from Sichuan. Although this is purely a legend (baimaguan castle was built in the Ming Dynasty, Yang LIULANG was born in the Song Dynasty, and there is no trace of Yang LIULANG here), baimaguan has been a strategic place since ancient times. According to the history of the Ming Dynasty, Qi Jiguang inspected the defense of baimaguan many times when he was guarding the great wall of Jizhen. Baimaguan set up a stronghold in the period of Japanese invasion of China. During the war of liberation, the military station was set up in Baima pass, which was a strategic frontier in history.

Travel

Baimaguan village has 164 households and 407 people, covering an area of 11.93 square kilometers, more than 500 mu of land and 15000 mu of mountain farm. The village has a beautiful environment, close to mountains and rivers. The part of baimaguan castle in the village has been preserved. The south wall, brick arch gate and "baimaguan Castle" on the forehead are clearly visible. It is still one of the important landscapes in the village. The road pattern and spatial scale of the castle still maintain the charm of the village. The ancient wells, ancient trees and Nianpan constitute the public activity space of the village. Most of the houses in the castle still retain the traditional style. The stone walls, brick and stone floors and the well treated gables of the houses convey the unique style and charm of this small village. In baimaguan village, you can really see the scene of donkey pulling mill, feel the quiet and leisurely life of villagers, and feel the blend of profound cultural heritage and modern life.

Significance of inheritance

Baimaguan, located in fanzipai Township, Miyun County, was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. The new highway passes through the pass. There were two side walls in Guancheng. Inside is the main body of baimaguan city wall, the east side is cliff, and the west side is built to the cliff. The outer wall is well preserved in Liangyun. Now most of the castle has been destroyed, but part of the city wall and the gate hole which is written "baimaguan Castle" are still preserved.

traffic

Bus: take 980 from Dongzhimen to Miyun station, then transfer to the bus in the direction of fanzipai and get off at baimaguan.

Admission: none. Tour duration: 4 hours. Accommodation: Tianle Lake Resort, features: quiet environment, suitable for health. The standard room is 120 yuan / room. Tourist tips: the great wall of baimaguan is located in the high mountains and deep forest areas in the north of Miyun. There is a lack of farmhouse entertainment near the Great Wall for tourists. It is suggested that visitors should prepare enough dry food and water and leave on the same day. It's 30 kilometers from baimaguan to lupiguan.

Address: baimaguan, fanzipai Township, Miyun District, Beijing

Longitude: 116.918038

Latitude: 40.714698

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : Bai Ma Guan Bao