The palace of the king

The palace of the king

Prince Na's mansion, a large-scale Mongolian palace in Qing Dynasty, is a key cultural relic in Beijing. Wangfu is also known as "chaoyongqinwangfu"; because the last generation of prince was named nayantu, Wangfu has the common name of "nawangfu". Nawangfu has gone through the historical process of Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline, bearing extremely rich historical and cultural information.

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brief introduction

From the early 1960s to the cultural revolution, the palace was used in kindergartens. The East and West Wing rooms of the main courtyard can lead to the East and West Cross courtyard. There is a big fish pond with rectangular arc angle in the middle of the East Cross courtyard. The smooth granite fish pond edge is higher than the ground, so you can sit on the edge to watch. When the water is dry, the bottom of the pool is flat and covered with golden sand, which is used as a sand pit for children to play. There is a hall behind the main stage. From the corridor in the east of the main hall, a small step to the East, through a small patio and toilet on the left, leads to the East Cross courtyard. West Cross courtyard has a warehouse, and the courtyard plants beside the wall. You can go to the West Cross courtyard from the corner gate and the West Wing room in the west of the main hall. From the corner gate to the south, it is inclined to the moon gate across the courtyard in the west, which leads to the big playground outside. The south room is the kitchen and the north room is the infirmary.

Guoxiang hutong is located in Andingmen area of Dongcheng District, and it is the second lane from north to south in the west of Baochao Hutong road. From west to East, the Hutong connects Zhaofu street and Baochao Hutong, more than 220 meters long. In Ming Dynasty, it was called "Guoqiang Hutong", and in Qing Dynasty, it was renamed "Guoxiang Hutong".

Guoxiang Hutong No.2 is located in the south of the east section of the Hutong and the north of the street. It used to be a part of "nawangfu" and is now a "Siheyuan" with two parallel courtyards. In 1984, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing.

Information record

According to the living record of the prince's residence, "the prince's residence is the only one in Beijing for the prince of Outer Mongolia." The title of the first generation Prince cereng was "Prince kaerkadazhak and shuosayinuoyan of Mongolia". Because of the "Chaoyong" title, the palace was also called "chaoyongqinwangfu"; and because the last generation prince was named nayantu, the palace was commonly known as "nawangfu".

"Yandu congkao" contains: "Chaoyong Pro Prince's house is in Baochao Hutong. Case: Wang taboo, CE Ling, Princess Shang chunqu, ten granddaughters of emperor Shengzu, with the posthumous title of "Xiang", is entitled to the imperial temple. According to: today's descendants, nayantu attacked the Marquis, and the mansion was called the palace of the king. "

The style and features of Wangfu

The palace is on the west side of Baochao Hutong, facing south from north, connecting Guoxing Hutong and Guoxiang Hutong from north to south. The original general architectural pattern is: the three rooms of the palace gate face the south, and there is a corner gate (ASI gate) on the East and west sides of the palace gate. Outside the gate of the mansion, there is a shadow wall, with stone lions, lamp posts, horse posts and grass trees on both sides. There is a wooden shadow wall in the gate of the mansion. The building of yin'an hall is magnificent and compact. The buildings are built in the form of Imperial Palace, but the scale is smaller. Compared with the Manchurian and Inner Mongolia palaces in the capital, the Mongolian customs are obvious. For example, on the 23rd of December every year, a yurt is built in the Fotang courtyard of the mansion, with a big stove in the middle. The lamas and other people in the mansion, led by the prince, chant sutras around the stove. Today, most of the palace has been rebuilt, and only Guoxiang Hutong A2 still retains its original style.

Guoxiang Hutong No.2 was originally the two side-by-side courtyards on the northernmost side of Wangfu Middle Road, but now it is an independent courtyard on the north side of the street. On the south wall of the east courtyard, there is a one hall and one roll type vertical flower gate, with 7 back covered rooms at the north end; there are 5 main rooms, which are ridge tile houses with corridors, with tall, gray tube tile roofs, and 1 ear room on each side; there are 3 East and West rooms, and the west room and the East Room of the West courtyard are connected by two volumes to build an aisle; the courtyard is surrounded by corridors, and there are two Taihu stones carved on the stone pedestal of Haihai River in the middle. The West courtyard is also surrounded by cloisters, with 3 South rooms, 3 East and West rooms, 5 main rooms, and 1 ear room on each side. The top of the main room is a big style hard Hill tile hoop ridge. The front of the main room is a Xuanshan rolling shed roof, with three wide faces. In front of the platform, there are three steps, that is, there are three steps on the East, West and south sides of the platform Small building.

Relevant historical figures

CE Ling

CE Ling? ——He also wrote about celeng or cequ, the Mongols of kharka in the Qing Dynasty, the borzijit family, who were the direct descendants of Genghis Khan.

In the thirtieth year of Kangxi (1691), "in April of summer, the emperor visited the border. From May to duolunpo (today's Shangdu gol, Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia), it was ruled by the kalka tribes. Outer Mongolia is flat In the thirty first year of Kangxi, Cering went to the capital with her grandmother gechulehatun, and was granted residence in the capital and educated in the inner court. In the forty fifth year of Kangxi, she married Princess Heshuo Chunke and was recruited as her husband and granted the title of Beizi.

In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Cering was granted the title of Dora Prefecture. In the third year of Yongzheng, Cering got 20 banners to the west of tuxietu Khan and established saiyinuoyan tribe. Saiyinuoyan, also known as "sanyinnuoyan", was named saiyinuoyan in Qianlong period. It is one of the four Mongolian tribes (saiyinuoyan, tuxietu, Chechen and zasaktu) in kharka. The 24 banners of Subu are allied in qiqierlik, and the pasture is in the territory of modern Mongolia. In the fifth year of Yongzheng reign, CE Ling led SiGe and Tu lichen negotiated the Sino Russian border with the Tsarist government, and signed the Sino Russian boundary Treaty of blinsky and the Sino Russian boundary Treaty of chaktu. In the ninth year of Yongzheng reign, he led the army of dacelingduobu, the Junggar department, who plundered kalka. He became Prince Heshuo and kalka dazasak, and became the chief executive of the four departments of kalka Mongolia. In the 10th year of Yongzheng, the army led by xiaoce lingdun Duobu of Junggar attacked kalka and was defeated by CE Ling. The emperor of Yongzheng, Long Yan Dayue, granted CE Ling the title of "Chaoyong" and "Huangdai". According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, the father of Nurhachi, takshi, was called "Da Da", and his lineal descendants were called "Zongshi" and "Zongshi" and "Huangdai" (yellow belt); the father of takshi, juechang'an, had six brothers, commonly known as "liuzu", and the descendants of takshi's uncle, uncle, brother and brother were called "Jueluo" (red belt). CE Ling was awarded the "yellow belt", which is equivalent to the "imperial clan". As the saying goes, "he joined his family with the emperor.". It was a great honor at that time.

In the early years of Qianlong, Cering led his army to stay in ulyasutai (now the capital of zabukhan province of Mongolia), and governed the four departments of kalka and the two districts of khobudo and tangnuwulianghai. In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), CE Ling, the prince of Chaoyong, died of illness. Emperor Qianlong paid a sacrifice in person and ordered him to enjoy the imperial temple. His posthumous title was "Xiang".

CE Ling came to Beijing in the 31th year of Kangxi and died in the 15th year of Qianlong. After three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, he was in the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong. He served in the frontier and fought in Mobei for many years and made outstanding contributions to consolidate and stabilize the northern frontier of China. The posthumous title of "Xiang" indicates that the imperial court recognized the contribution of CE Ling in the prosperous age of Kangxi and Qianlong.

After the death of CE Ling, his son xijue still served in the frontier and made contributions to pacifying the rebellion. His grandson, lawandorji, was the seventh daughter of Qianlong, GuLun and princess Ejing. He was also well-known for leading the bodyguard, Minister of internal affairs and Dutong. After that, it gradually declined, and the seventh generation Prince nayantu nearly lost his fortune.

Nayantu

Nayantu (1867-1938), the 13th year of tongzhi (1874) xijue, was granted the title of "Prince of Kazak and Chechnya of Mongolia". Because his ancestor, Cering, was praised as "yellow belt" and equivalent to "imperial clan", nayantu was the king of Jinzhi after he attacked the Marquis, so he was relied on by the imperial court. In 1900, the Allied forces of the eight countries captured Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled to Xi'an for refuge. Nayantu followed Luan westward. After the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, Yuan Shikai became the Prime Minister of the cabinet. When the north and the South negotiated peace, nayantu was the main fighting faction against the Republic, which went against the historical trend. After the abdication of the Qing Dynasty, nayantu was the president of the Mongolian Federation and a member of Parliament of the Beiyang government. In order to become the so-called emperor Hongxian, Yuan Shikai ordered the establishment of a "national petition society", with Shen Yuanpei as its president and Na Yantu and Zhang Zhenfang as its vice presidents. The association was founded on September 19, 1915. By inviting people to eat, to see a play, or to send money or goods, it launched a petition from the late Qing princes, generals and patrolling envoys of various provinces to the leaders of various industries, asking for the change of the national system and supporting Yuan Shikai as emperor.

Yuan Shikai's perverse behavior made him be nailed to the stigma of history forever. In the farce of "restoring the monarchy", nayantu played a very dishonorable role.

Jinjishui

Jin Jishui, the last son of Dorgon, the prince of Rui, thinks from his own personal experience of living in the palace after the abdication of the Qing Emperor: "because the Qing Dynasty has lost its ruling power over our country, in fact, it is no longer possible to be the same as in the past. It is just a matter of lingering. However, for those involved, there is no sense of "changing the draft of the map". They are still in a daze and dream of life and death, and the following events add to the splendor. " Taking the drama of a birthday party in 1923 as an example, we can know the luxury of the life in the palace. The drama code is: Yu Shuyan starred in "the volume of stealing", Shang Xiaoyun, Wang Changlin and Wang Youchen co starred in "killing fishermen", Cheng Yanqiu starred in "yutangchun", Shi Huibao, Hou Xirui, Shang Xiaoyun and Wang Changlin co starred in "the trial of Famen Temple", Ru Fulan, Han Fuxin and Hou Xirui co starred in "zhanpuyang", Ru fulanga

Chinese PinYin : Na Wang Fu