Duan Qirui house

Duan Qirui house

Duan Qirui's house is located in Cangnan Hutong (formerly known as Jizhao hutong). This house was originally Yunhu house, the 22nd son of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. During the period of Beiyang government, Duan Qirui got the house. The house covers an area of 22642 square meters. Duan Ju rebuilt the original house at this time. The main hall is preserved on the central axis, with a top of tubular tiles, 9 rooms in width, and two volumes connected.

building structure

There are three small stone bridges in front of the hall and a square courtyard behind the hall. There are small buildings in the East, West and North, and a small courtyard in the East and West. There is a building on the west side of the hall, covering an area of more than 500 square meters. The main hall, square courtyard, western style building and other buildings in the house remain basically unchanged. Dongcheng District for the protection of cultural relics.

historical origin

Cangnan Hutong belongs to Dongsi District of Dongcheng District. According to the current road signs, it is the third Hutong from south to North in the east of beixiaojie Road, Chaoyang Gate. The Hutong connects Chaoyang men North Street and Chaoyang men North Street from west to East. It is about 600 meters long. It is named because it is located in the south of nanmencang Hutong. The middle section of the alley is slightly tortuous, and the east section intersects with Douban alley; the south side is connected with Fujia Road, and the Branch Lane is connected with Shaojiu alley; the north side is connected with cangnanbei lane and Luojia courtyard from west to East.

Known as "the most comprehensive and systematic description of the changes of Beijing urban area from ancient times to the early Republic of China", Yandu congkao has no record of "Cangnan Hutong". Is it the author's fault? It doesn't seem like it. Because: first, the book records the surrounding situation of "Cangnan Hutong" in great detail, how can it just drop a "Cangnan Hutong"? It is recorded in the book: "the street from north to south of Chaoyangmen street is called Beixiao street. To the east of beixiaojie street and to the north of Chaoyangmen Street are Shaojiu Hutong, gongjianying and Jizhao Hutong. Duanzhi's government is there. Yuebaoyu hutong is called xinkailu, Qianjing and Houjing. In the East is the fifth master's mansion, and in the East is the empty mansion. In the east of the mansion, it is called Luojia courtyard, Jiadao, Meipu Hutong and Huayuan. It is also called Douban Hutong in the East. Its south is called houshidao and Diaoyutai. In the East, it's called nandouyacai Hutong. " Second, the book clearly pointed out: "auspicious Hutong, Duanzhi government is." Duan Qirui house was built on the basis of kongfu courtyard. According to this analysis, "Cangnan Hutong" was originally a part of "Jizhao Hutong".

"Jizhao Hutong" is also known as "Zhao Hutong". The trend of that year is as follows: starting from the North Street of Chaoyang Gate in the west, heading eastward to gongjianying (craftsman camp); there are two branch lanes in the north of the Hutong, the first branch Lane heading northward to Baoyu Hutong, the Middle East turn and the second branch Lane joining the East, heading eastward to Xinkai road; continuing eastward to Douban Hutong through Xinkai Road, there is a branch lane and Luojia courtyard in the north from west to East It is connected to "nanmencang". The branches and branches of Hutong turn from southwest to northeast, just like two "chicken feet" connected by "Xinkai road". Therefore, Hutong should be named because of its shape, and it should be called "auspicious Hutong" because of its homophony. In this way, "Xinkai road" should be a part of "Jizhao Hutong" and an intermediate part of "Jizhao Hutong"; it is very likely that it will become a "bottleneck" due to its narrow structure, so it is called "Xinkai road" because it will be widened to facilitate traffic. 　

At that time, there were two "new roads" in the three districts of Peiping City, and the other one was in the east of "Yonghegong Street", which is now "Beixin Hutong". In order to avoid double naming, before liberation, "Xinkai road" in Yonghegong street was renamed "beixinkai road"; the "Xinkai road" in the middle of "Jizhao Hutong" was renamed "nanxinkai road". The name of "Jizhao Hutong" at the west end of "nanxinkai road" remains the same; the East-West main line of "Jizhao Hutong" at the east end is renamed "Cangnan Hutong", and the North-South Branch Lane is renamed "Cangnan Xijia road". When rectifying the place names in 1965, "nanxinkailu" and "cangnanxijiadao" were merged into "Cangnan Hutong", forming a "t" shape. In the east-west direction, it starts from "nangongjiangying Hutong" in the West and ends at "Douban Hutong" in the East; in the north-south direction, it starts from "Cangnan Hutong" in the South and ends at "nanmencang Hutong" in the north.

Now, from "nanmencang Hutong" to "Chaoyang mennei Street" and from "Chaoyang menbei Street" to "Chaoyang menbei Street", a residential area has been built, which is called "Cangnan community". There are new campus of Shijia Hutong primary school and Dongsi Olympic community park. Use the lines in Shajiabang: "this is not what it used to be.

"Cangnan Hutong" has run through the "North Street of Chaoyangmen" and "North Street of Chaoyangmen" from east to west. The north-south direction of "Cangnan Hutong" is vertical, and the signboard says: "Cangnan lane".

Cangnan Hutong No. 5 is located in the north side of the middle section of the Hutong, covering an area of more than 22600 square meters. It is surrounded by walls, and the walls are all city bricks, just like a castle. The south wall is in Cangnan Hutong, the north wall is in nanmencang Hutong, the east wall is in Luojia courtyard, and the west wall is in Cangnan Nanbei lane. Although the whole building faces south from north, the street gate faces west. It is a gate with brick buttresses on both sides, which can enter and exit trucks. Although the street gate is built in "Cangnan lane", the door number is still "Cangnan alley No.5".

No. 5 of Cangnan hutong is now the dormitory of the unit. At present, the construction in the hospital is in progress. In June 1986, the people's Government of Dongcheng District announced it as a cultural relic protection unit.

This house was originally the bottom residence of Yunhu, the 22nd son of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. Yunhu was granted the title of Beizi in 1730, Jin Beile in 1730, and died in 1743. Therefore, the house is also known as "Gongqin Baile house". Hongmin, Yunhu's eldest son, attacked Beizi in the ninth year of Qianlong and died in the 49th year of Qianlong. Yongzhi, Yunhu's eldest son, attacked the Duke of Zhenguo in the same year, but was dismissed in the second year. Therefore, the mansion is also called "empty mansion courtyard".

During the period of the Beiyang government, Duan Qirui bought the "empty mansion compound", built a large number of buildings and carried out large-scale reconstruction.

When Duan Qirui lived here, the street gate should face south, but the three room wide gate was changed to a large iron gate of western style. There was a large globe in the gate, and an eagle was standing on it, which was demolished in the "Cultural Revolution". The main hall is the only building on the central axis of the original mansion, which has been expanded into a nine room wide building with a new corridor in the style of the Republic of China. The courtyard is surrounded by winding water, and there are five stone bridges in front (South), three in back (North). There are a group of western style houses in the East, West and north of the backyard of the main hall. In the north, it is a two-story building, which is the main building. In the East and West, it is an auxiliary room (one floor), which is connected by corridors, and the corridor columns are melon edge cement columns. On the east side of the hall, there is a two-story Western-style building, which is said to be Duan Mu's residence; on the west side of the hall, there is a dance hall with two-story windows, which is actually one floor. It is said that Duan Qirui held a state conference here when he was in power.

No. 5 of Cangnan Hutong used to be Duan Qirui's residence, so it is called "laoduanfu".

"Laoduanfu" probably can't be interpreted as "laoduandi". Because Duan Qirui also has real estate in "Fuxue Hutong" in today's Jiaodaokou area of Dongcheng District. "Yandu congkao" records: "Fuxue Hutong, wenwenshan temple in the west, section of Hefei as premier once lived in the East." Therefore, "old Duan Fu" has the function of identification, which is also called "Duan Qirui's house".

Profile

Duan Qirui (1865-1936), the warlord leader of Anhui, was born in Hefei, Anhui Province. He graduated from Tianjin military academy and went to Germany to study military. In 1896, he founded the Beiyang army with Yuan Shikai. Together with Wang Shizhen and Feng Guozhang, he was known as the "three heroes of Beiyang". 　

After the revolution of 1911, Duan Qirui served as the chief of army, chief of staff and Premier of state in the Beiyang government. After Yuan Shikai's death in 1916, Duan Qirui controlled the real power of Beijing government. During his term as premier of the State Council, there was a "battle between the government and Li Yuanhong". Later, it led to the "restoration of Zhang Xun" and "oath of Machang". Duan Qirui won a great victory, which strengthened his real power in the Beijing government. In 1920, Duan Qirui was defeated in the "Zhiwan war", but he still had an important influence in the warlord competition by relying on his Anhui army. In 1924, the Republic of China came into power temporarily. In 1926, it suppressed student processions, resulting in the March 18th massacre. It was forced to leave the army. In 1936, it died in Tianjin, located in Wan'an cemetery.

Address: Cangnan Hutong in Chaoyang Gate (without any sign indicating that it is Duan Qirui's former residence)

Longitude: 116.429291

Latitude: 39.927463

Chinese PinYin : Duan Qi Rui Zhai