Guozijian Street

Guozijian Street

Guozijian street, in Andingmen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, is an east-west lane. Chengxian street, also known as Guozijian Hutong, was named in Qing Dynasty because of Confucius Temple and Guozijian. On June 14, 2008, Guozijian street, which has a history of more than 700 years, showed its "old face" again. After the renovation, the Confucius Temple and Guozijian have restored the historical pattern and regulation, and officially opened to the outside world. The Confucius Temple and Guozijian Museum in Beijing officially opened.

brief introduction

Located in the northwest of Dongcheng District. From Yonghegong street in the east to andingmennei street in the West. Because of Guozijian, it is named. It is one of the first "famous streets of Chinese history and culture".

Guozijian street was formed in Yuan Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, it was called "Confucius Temple of Guozijian". It was called Xianjie in Qing Dynasty. After the Republic of China, it was called Guozijian. In 1965, it was called Guozijian street. There are four archways in Guozijian street, and two in the East and west of the street. E Fang called it "Chengxian Street". During the cultural revolution, it was once renamed as nine HongRi North Road, and later restored to its original name. Guozijian street has many bungalows, which preserve the style of old Beijing streets. In 1984, it was designated as Beijing Municipal Cultural Relics Protection street. Many of the hutongs around it are related to Guozijian, such as Guoxue Hutong and Jianchang Hutong.

Guozijian street is a street with only archways in Beijing. There are four archways on the street, one at the East and one at the west, with the title of "Chengxian Street", one at the left and one at the right near Guozijian, with the title of "Guozijian". On the street of Guozijian, there are Han Wen temple for Han Yu, a great scholar of Tang Dynasty, Huo temple built in Ming Dynasty, and Zaojun temple for Kitchen God.

Guozijian was founded in 1306, the 10th year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty. It was the highest institution established by the three dynasties of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was also the organ in charge of the government decrees of Guoxue. Guozijian had such teaching subjects as rites, music, temperament, archery, imperial education, calligraphy and mathematics. If people at that time could study in Guozijian, they would be regarded as glorifying their ancestors. The highest official of Guozijian was called sacrificial wine, which was made by Xu Heng, a famous scholar in Yuan Dynasty. The cypress he planted survived for centuries.

The Confucius Temple was built in 1302 and completed in 1306. In 1411, it was rebuilt at the old site. In the second year of Qianlong reign of Qing Dynasty (1737), it was easy to be yellow glazed tile. In 1906, it was promoted as a great sacrifice to Confucius. It is the place where the emperors of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to Confucius. There are 198 steles with the names of more than 50000 Jinshi of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, including yuan Chonghuan and Zeng Guofan. There are also many cypress trees in the Confucius Temple. One is located on the west side of Dacheng hall. It is said that Yan Gao, the traitor of Ming Dynasty, offered sacrifices to Confucius on behalf of emperor Jiajing. When he walked under the tree, his hat was removed by the branch. So legend has it that the cypress tree is known as "Chuxie cypress".

characteristic

There are four archways across the street: one at the East and west of the street, with the title of "Chengxian Street"; one at the left and right of Guozijian, with the title of "Guozijian". There are stone tablets on both sides of the archway, which are engraved with "civil and military officials dismount here" in full Chinese. Because the East is Confucius Temple, and the west is Guoxue (Guozijian), which is in line with the regulation of "zuomiao Youxue".

In addition to the above buildings, there are several temples in this street. In Guoxue Hutong (No. 31) behind Guozijian, there is a temple dedicated to Hanyu, named Hanwen temple. Han Yu (768-824) was born in Nanyang, Dengzhou in Tang Dynasty. Tang Zhenyuan eight years (729 years) Jinshi and, once served as censor, Guozijian Jijiu, Minister of the Ministry of war, Minister of the Ministry of officials and other posts. Learning through six classics, writing vigorous, majestic, respected for future generations, known as "Han Wengong". Posthumous title "Wen" after death. The temple is set up here, probably for the children who are studying in Sinology. They are willing to be protected by Han Yu! The ancestral hall faces south from the north and consists of the ancestral gate, the hall for enjoyment and the East and West rooms. The gate of the ancestral hall is a large-scale Xieshan tube with flaws and ridges, and the three rooms of the hall are a large-scale hard Hill tube with tiles and ridges, decorated with spiral colored paintings. There is an iron censer outside the door and a stone censer in front of the hall. There is a statue of Korean in the hall. Now the hall still exists, the ancestral hall and the supporting room have been demolished, and now it has become the warehouse of Guoxue Hutong primary school.

There are two temples in the south of Guozijian street, and the temple in the West (today's 78) was built in the Ming Dynasty. The main buildings are the gate, the main hall, the main hall and the East and west side hall, and the hall for worshiping the God of fire and the God of Guan, the God of wealth, Luban, the king of medicine, and the saint of medicine. There were three steles in the original, but now they are folk houses. The steles have been used as steps or built in the wall, so their contents cannot be known. Although the halls exist, they have changed a lot. There are so many sheds in the courtyard that people can't see their original appearance. Only the mountain gate still retains the traces of the temple in the past.

From the temple of fire to the East (today's No. 40) is Zaojun temple. A room at the gate of the original temple. It is a big style hard hill with three terraced tiles, with a corridor in the front and colorful paintings in the back; the kitchen king was worshipped in the back hall, and the stele was rebuilt in the original Xuantong period in the temple, but it disappeared later. It is now used by Guoxue Hutong primary school. The second hall still exists and the mountain gate has been demolished.

Historical origin

Guozijian street, located in the east of andingmennei street in Beijing, has a long history of more than 700 years. It preserves the style of old Beijing streets and alleys. It is named after Confucius Temple and Guozijian. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan built "Guozixue" on this street in chongrenmen (now Dongzhimen) of Dadu city. In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the Confucius Temple was officially built, and in the tenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the Guozijian was officially built in the west of the Confucius Temple, reflecting the regulation of "left temple and right learning". A brief introduction to the scenery of the imperial capital published in the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635) of the Ming Dynasty has such a record: "in the good corner of the northeast of the capital, zhanqifang is called" chongjiao ", buqijie is called" Chengxian ", and Guozijian is here." It was called Chengxian street in the Qing Dynasty, Guozijian street after the Republic of China, Guozijian street in 1965, and nine HongRi North Road during the cultural revolution.

The East-West Guozijian street is 669 meters long, with an average width of 11 meters. Emperor Qianlong praised it as "the capital is the best District, while Guozijian is the best place".

In 1984, it was designated as a cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level in Beijing. It is the only cultural relic protection street named after the street in the city. The ancient block has concentrated a large number of historical and cultural heritages such as the state level cultural relic protection units, the Imperial Academy, the Confucian Temple, and so on. It is also the only archway Street preserved in Beijing, which has condensed the essence of China's traditional culture and has become a unique cultural scenic spot in Beijing with its elegant, tranquil, solemn, mysterious environment and rich historical and cultural connotations.

Guozijian is the highest official academic institution in China since Sui Dynasty.

Beijing Guozijian was founded in 1306, the 10th year of Dade reign of the Yuan Dynasty. It was abandoned in the early Ming Dynasty and rebuilt into Beiping Fu Xue, which became the highest institution of learning in Beijing. After Yongle Emperor moved his capital from Nanjing to Beijing, he changed Beiping Fu Xue into Beijing Guozijian and retained Nanjing Guozijian. Due to the war in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, there are very few architectural remains of Yuan Dynasty in Guozijian of Beijing, most of which were built in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Renovate new make-up

open house

June 14, 2008 is the third cultural heritage day. In the morning, Guozijian street, the only pailou street in Beijing, was officially opened after renovation, and the newly completed "zuomiao (Confucius Temple) Youxue (Guozijian)" was merged into the Confucius Temple and Guozijian Museum for the first time.

having an antique flavour

New makeup of Guozijian Street

In the light rain, there are neat and flat old streets, simple quadrangles, gilded archways and red walls hidden by green trees Today's Guozijian street, after thorough repair, everything looks so antique.

At 8:30 a.m. on June 14, 2008, the opening ceremony officially began. With the cheerful sound of gongs and drums, people living along the street happily started Yangko. Guozijian street is the only street in Beijing that has been listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit, and it is also the only pailou Street preserved in Beijing. With the implementation of the "330 million cultural relics protection project" and the "people's Olympics" plan, Dongcheng District government officially launched the renovation project of Guozijian street in June last year. Through the renovation, the ancient style of Guozijian street has been restored to the greatest extent, and the infrastructure of Hutong has been upgraded.

Zuomiao Youxue

"Zuomiao Youxue" merged and opened for the first time

At 9:00 a.m. on June 14, 2008, with a piece of red silk slowly uncovered, the sign with "Confucius Temple and Guozijian Museum" in black on a white background finally came out. Confucius Temple and Guozijian, the two most famous ancient buildings in Guozijian street, have been comprehensively opened to the outside world for the first time in nearly 100 years.

Confucius Temple and Guozijian, the national key cultural relics protection units, were originally used by the capital museum and the capital library respectively. In order to better protect and utilize them, the municipal government invested special funds to build the capital library and the capital museum on another site. In 2004, with the capital library and the capital museum moving out one after another, the Beijing municipal government decided to merge the "zuomiao (Confucius Temple) and Youxue (Guozijian)" which were managed separately for a long time into one management unit. Today, with the completion of the renovation and exhibition of the Confucius Temple and Guozijian ancient building complex in Beijing with a total investment of more than 20 million yuan, the brand-new Confucius Temple and Guozijian museum are officially unveiled. In the future, citizens can enjoy the historical charm of these two ancient buildings with only 20 yuan for a ticket.

Kangxi handwriting

Kangxi calligraphy examination questions appear

As a brand new museum, Confucius Temple and Guozijian Museum launched six exhibitions at the beginning of their debut, including

Chinese PinYin : Guo Zi Jian Jie