Cuanbaozi stele

The full name of cuanbaozi stele is "the tomb of the prince of cuanfu of Jianning, the former Zhenwei General of Jin Dynasty". The stele is made of sand and stone. In 1778, it was unearthed in yangqitian village, Qujing County, Yunnan Province. The head of the tablet is semicircular, and the whole tablet is rectangular. The calligraphy of this stele is between the official script and regular script, which is born out of the Han Li style. The shape of the characters is strange and free, which makes people have rich associations. Cuanbaozi tablet is not as elegant and charming as Southern Dynasty calligraphy, but more willful and powerful as southern man. It has a very high position in the history of Chinese calligraphy.

Cuanbaozi stele

The full name of Cuan baozi stele is the tombstone of Cuan Fujun, the commander of Jianning, the general of Zhenwei in the Jin Dynasty. This stele was carved in the fourth year of Taiheng in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, that is, the first year of Yixi (AD 405). In 1778, it was unearthed in yangqitian, 70 Li south of Qujing, Yunnan Province. Later, it was moved to Wuhou Temple. The existing "Cuan stele Pavilion" in Qujing No.1 middle school is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The monument is 190 cm high and 71 cm wide.

"Cuanbaozi stele" consists of 13 lines with 30 words in each line. In the lower part, there are 13 lines with 4 characters each. The inscription records the life of the tomb owner Cuan Baozi and his praise to the tomb owner. In the lower right corner of the stele, there are six lines of postscript written by Deng erheng, the magistrate of Qujing in 1852. The font of the tablet belongs to the transitional style from subordinate script to regular script. With more than 400 words, the stele has a natural layout, a left-right look, a head and tail echo, a harmonious unity, and a colorful text.

Contents of inscriptions

[inscription]

The tomb of the governor of Jianning, general Zhenwei of Jin Dynasty

[inscription]

You taboo the word baozi, Jianning Tongle people also. You are young and noble, and long and tall. Tongkuang Qingke comes from nature; ice is clean and quiet, and the road is full of reeds. Chuncui virtue, Rong Jin Gui Ren. Jiugao sang in the name of ring, bundle silk set in the boudoir court. When the hairpin is taken out, the government and the wild sing. Bo Zhizhong, the governor of the state, was not a driver, but a scholar, the prefect of the county. It's better to pacify the common people and get what they want. On the 23rd day of the spring and Autumn period, when an official died of illness, he felt a lot of pain. He bowed a hundred times and mourned for his feelings. He wrote a memorial to each other and gave orders to the rest of his life. His words are as follows:

Mountain spit essence, sea birth light. Mujun and Marquis, jingling. The weak crown is called benevolence, singing to the countryside. In Yin Jiahe, in Yuan Liufang. The palace has several walls. The fragrance is strong with the wind, shining with the clouds. Hung Chien's feathered instrument, the Dragon soars and the Phoenix soars. He is the king. Ming Luan purple, Zhuo Ying Canglang. When the common people's sons come, they will sing with each other. If Zhou Zun trips his horse, he can forgive him. As a result, he lived in his own country. Fang Xi, Dao long, huang shang. When you protect Nanyue, you will never die. When you are not old enough, you will begin to advocate it. How not to hang, annihilate me Zhenliang. Back to embrace the holy posture, the shadow life is not long. Since it is not a stone of gold, it has always been prosperous and withered. Hidden in the dark sky, hand in hand with Yan Zhang. People forget each other when they don't want to. Yu Mu, Su Yong, shows his appearance. I will always be ordinary and feel sad. Lin Zong is gone, and his name is Ya Zhang. Therefore, the name of Si Lei, Shu Cun Gan Chang. alas!

Taiheng four years old, in Yisi, April on Xunli

[title]

Master: Yang pan; recorder: Meng Shen; Xi Cao: Chen Bo; Governor: Wen Li; Governor: Dong Che; provincial: Chen Nu; provincial: Yang Xian; shuzuo: Li Lei; shuzuo: Liu er; cadre: Ren Sheng; cadre: Mao Li; petty official: Yang Li; Wei Yi: Wang Yu

[preface and postscript of Deng erheng in Qing Dynasty]

The stele is in yangqitian, 70 Li south of the county. It has been unearthed in the 1898 movement of Emperor Qianlong, but the new general annals are unknown. In recent years, the county annals of Nanning was revised, and the inscriptions of gold and stone were collected, so the temple of marquis Wu in the city was moved. In the second year of Yuanxing of emperor xiaojin'an, renyin was changed into a tycoon. In the next year, renyin was still called the second year of Yuanxing, and Yisi was changed into Youxi. The stele was in Yisi, the fourth year of Daheng. I almost didn't know that the tycoon hadn't done it, so I still used it. Ruan Wenda, a teacher of Yizheng, saw that "Cuan Longyan stele" was the first stone in Central Yunnan. It was a pity that this stele was not seen by him for decades! This is especially true for calligraphy and painting. I wish to share it with you. In the autumn and July of the second year of Xianfeng, Deng erheng in Jinling learned.

Creative background

"Cuanbaozi stele" records the life of the stele owner cuanbaozi. Cuanbaozi is a native of Tongle, Jianning (now Luliang, Yunnan). Born in 380 ad, died in 403 ad. At the age of 19, he was appointed as the governor of Jianning (today's Qujing, Yunnan). He was in the period of frequent wars in the Central Plains, when the Cuan family ruled Nanchong (today's Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Sichuan). The most powerful surnames in nanzhong are Huo, Cuan and Meng. After Huo and Meng died together in 399, Cuan became the most powerful. Although cuanbaozi was a weak leader, he was very good at judging the situation. On the one hand, he showed obedience to the Central Plains Dynasty; on the other hand, he carried out the policy of national equality and unity, worked hard for the government, and the people enjoyed their own happiness. Therefore, after his death, the officials and the people were deeply grieved. They carved stones for him to express their feelings of mourning and respect.

The name of "Taiheng" mentioned in the stele was changed in the year of renyin (402 A.D.), Yuanxing in the next year, and Yixi in the year of Yisi (405 A.D.). Yunnan is far away from the border, and it is still used because of the change of the year number in the mainland.

Art appreciation

Use a pen

Cuanbaozi stele is magnificent in style, with an outstretched brushwork like a spear and halberd. Every word is shaped according to the character. In the stele, special emphasis is placed on the triangle point bending and the "wild goose tail" at both ends of the horizontal painting, showing its edge and spirit. It is between the official script and regular script, maintaining a strong sense of official script. The characters in the stele are mainly rectangular and square. The characters in the upper and lower structure grow into square blocks, and the characters in the left and right structure form square blocks. This is the factor that forms its introverted and deep style. Change the shape to win by risk. Another characteristic of his brush technique is that he tends to use a "restrained" character, but rarely appears a "longitudinal" stroke. Even if the stroke is slightly longitudinal, it is only a sign, and still gives people a sense of firmness, simplicity, naivety and obstinacy by catching the pen.

structure

"Cuanbaozi stele" breaks the normal symmetry and balance. The conclusion is very bold, and the size is often unexpected. It seems to be out of tolerance, but in fact, it is well-known for its art and theory, seeking truth in danger, moving in stillness, and seeking stillness in movement. Writing the repeated words is not the same, each has its own meaning, which reflects the aesthetic psychology of Jin people. The characters with various strokes in the stele are as big as they are large, while those with simple strokes are as small as they are small. There are also many other characters with increased or decreased strokes, many of which are made by Cuan stele alone. Another example is the word formation of "Bao" and the rule of "one point into one word", which is the criterion of the word. All kinds of lines and their interlacing are extended and developed in the form, interest and rules of points. The reverse, fold, turn and release of the strokes and their forms lead to the following strokes, regulate the size, thickness, length and hidden dew of the following strokes, and all contain the first "point" ”The image of the world.

Composition

"Cuanbaozi stele" firmly grasps the principle of symmetry and harmony, and stresses the gravity law of "upper rarity, middle evenness and lower density". From a distance, the lines are symmetrical and the spacing is clear; from a micro perspective, the words are irregular in size, and their rhythm and rhyme are moving. Even if there are only 15 words on the forehead of the tablet, they form a rectangular square, neat on the outside and uneven on the inside, forming a harmonious life.

Comments on celebrities

Kang Youwei, a modern thinker and educator, wrote in his book "guangyizhou Shuangji": "the end flutters like a Buddha." "Pu Hougu, Mao, Qizi hundred, and Wei stele of the" Ling Temple "," Ju Yanyun "are in the Li Kai between, you can see the origin of variants

Li Yuanyuan, a modern statesman, said: "his writing is as strong as iron and beautiful as a goddess.".

Influence of later generations

Cuanbaozi tablet is a typical object seen in the transition from official script to regular script, which reflects a style of Chinese characters in the process of evolution. Cuanbaozi stele is not as elegant and charming as calligraphy in the Southern Dynasty. Compared with Zhang heinv's epitaph and Yuan Huai's epitaph, it is more primitive, more willful, powerful and upright. It has the flavor of knife, stone, folk and barbarism. It is closely related to the orthodox famous calligraphers in the Southern Dynasty There is a strong contrast between the scholarly spirit of the Dharma. Later generations learned from this stele, which opened up the modern style of calligraphy since the Qing Dynasty and became the choice of many painters.

In addition to the artistic value of calligraphy, the literature value and cultural relic value of cuanbaozi stele are also the basis for it to become a classic work. From the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Southern Dynasties, the Imperial Court banned the steles, so the steles are very rare, which is particularly precious. From a cultural point of view, "Cuan baozi tablet" is a historical relic of the Cuan family's rule of nanzhong period. Most of the inscriptions are praise and boast, and there are few historical facts recorded, but it is also an important historical material for the study of Cuan cultural history. The shape, title and writing style of the inscription are similar to those of the Han people in the same period, which proves that Cuan culture is a complex of multiple elements with a strong color of Han culture.

"Cuan baozi tablet" and "Cuan Longyan tablet" of Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty are collectively called "er'cuan". Because its body is smaller than the latter, it is also known as "Xiaocuan". In 1961, the two steles were listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical heritage

Cuanbaozi stele was unearthed in Nanning (now Qujing) of Yunnan Province in 1778. It didn't attract people's attention at that time. Later, it was used as a stone tablet for pressing tofu by a local people. The second year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (185 AD)

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