Jianshui Confucian Temple

--Jianshui Confucian temple was first built in Yuan Dynasty and has a history of more than 600 years. Its existing scale, architectural level and preservation degree are in good condition. It is the third largest Confucian temple after Qufu Confucian temple in Shandong Province and Beijing Confucian temple.

--The Confucian temple has three gates: the east gate, the west gate and the south gate. Visitors usually enter from the south gate, and the east gate is facing the Confucius Culture Square. Some people enter from this gate.

--The most attractive place of the Confucian temple is undoubtedly Dacheng hall. It is the main building of the Confucian temple, with five halls arranged in a row. The main hall is built with a dragon throne and a statue of Confucius.

--Every weekend, the Confucian temple will have a large-scale "ancient music performance", one in the morning and one in the afternoon, the time is 9:00-11:00, 14:00-16:00, free to watch.

Confucious'Temple

synonym

Jianshui Confucian temple generally refers to Confucian Temple (Confucian temple in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province)

The Confucian temple, built in the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty, has a history of more than 700 years. It has been expanded and renovated for more than 50 times, covering an area of 76000 square meters. It ranks first among the large Confucian temples in China and is a key cultural relic protection unit in China.

The Confucius Temple has 22 lattice doors on the front, and birds and animals are carved in different shapes. The glass tile roof is dazzling. The temple is surrounded by ancient cypresses, which is solemn and majestic.

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the vast number of medical workers fighting in the front line of prevention and control, from the end of the epidemic to December 31, 2020, all medical workers in the scenic area (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) are free of charge with valid certificates.

Historical origin

Confucian temple, located in Jianshui County in the northwest of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, is one of the largest Confucian temples in China. It was built in 1285, the Third Temple in Yunnan Province after Zhongqing (Kunming) and Dali.

The Confucian temple, later expanded in Ming and Qing Dynasties, covers an area of 114 mu. The overall layout adopts the palace style of central axis symmetry, and is modeled on the pattern of Confucius Temple in Qufu. It has 1 hall, 2 veranda, 2 halls, 2 pavilions, 5 ancestral halls and 8 squares. It is a group of large-scale buildings. Entering the gate is the solemn "Taihe Yuanqi" square, and facing the more than 20 mu "Xuehai" (panchi), the pond is rippling with blue waves and willows around. There is a sile Pavilion in the pond, and there are "ritual gate" and "Yilu" on the left and right. There are Dacheng gate, dongxiwei, Dacheng hall, suishengci, Minglun hall, Zunjing Pavilion and other buildings. Dacheng hall was built in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, with 28 columns supporting the whole hall. The front eaves are 12 stone pillars, each of which is 5 meters high and weighs 5000 kg. They are carved out of a whole piece of big blue stone. There are two carved dragons on the left and right sides of the gate, which are called "stone dragon holding pillars".

The Confucius Temple has 22 lattice doors on the front, and birds and animals are carved in different shapes. The glass tile roof is dazzling. The temple is surrounded by dense ancient cypresses. It looks solemn and majestic. It has the reputation of "splendor and splendor in Yunnan". Its scale is second only to Shandong and Qufu Confucius Temple. It is a key cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan Province.

The scale

According to the records of Yunnan annals compiled by the organ newspaper during the period of the Republic of China, Jianshui Confucian temple is second only to Qufu in Shandong Province in scale.

The Confucian temple, which faces south in the north, is basically built according to the layout of the Confucian temple in Qufu, Shandong Province. It has one pool (panchi), one altar (Xingtan), one garden (shepu), two halls (Dacheng hall, Chongsheng Hall), two verandas (Dongwei, Xiwei), two halls (dongminglun hall, ximminglun Hall), three ministers (Zunjing Pavilion, Wenxing Pavilion, Zhuxiang Pavilion), four gates (Lingxing gate, Dacheng gate, Jinsheng gate, Yuzhen gate) ）Five pavilions (Jingyi Pavilion, sile Pavilion, zhaisu Pavilion, Dongbei Pavilion, Xibei Pavilion), six ancestral halls (Jixian temple, cangsheng temple, Minghuan temple, Xiangxian temple, jiejiao temple, Zhongyi Xiaoti Temple), eight Fang (Taihe Yuanqi Fang, Zhusi Yuanyuan Fang, limen Fang, Yilu Fang, Daoguan Gujin Fang, Debei Tiandi Fang, Shengyu Youzi Fang, xianguan Jinyang Fang). According to the inscriptions, the temple is "decorated with doors and veranda, portraits of sages and sages, carved and painted, resplendent in gold and jade" and "thus becomes a view." After hundreds of years of continuous maintenance, except for Xingtan, shepu, Zunjing Pavilion, Wenxing Pavilion, Jingyi Pavilion and Qisu Pavilion, other buildings are still intact.

Stone wood structure

There are three couplets in Yuanqi square, Taihe gate. The middle one is about nine meters high. It is made of stone and wood. There are carved lions, elephants, unicorns and dragons on the base of the square. At the top of the building, there are dense brackets, and the five purlin triple eaves roof is formed with the short brick walls on both sides, which is very beautiful. Among them, two gates are decorated with drum nails, and a pair of stone drums are in front of the gate. After the square is panchi, commonly known as Xuehai. It was excavated according to the system of Ancient Academy in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, and widened into an oval shape in Hongzhi period, with a water surface of more than 40 mu.

There is an island in the pool, which is connected with a dike and a bridge. Aoting, also known as sileting, is built on the island. It means "there is a road to study, and diligence is the path, learning is boundless, and hard work is the boat". It encourages the students to study hard and achieve fame in the future, just like fishing for a big Ao in the sea. There are roads and red walls on both sides of the East and the West. There are trees and trees beside the roads. There is a half moon shaped platform lip behind the pool and a white stone railing in front of the platform. On the left and right are stone archways of "Li men" and "Yi Lu". In front of the archway, there are steles of "officials, soldiers and people are equal to dismounting here". On the red wall of the archway, there are four big characters of "kite flying and fish leaping", each one meter high. In the reflection pool of Huanwen mountain in the south, the scenery of mountains and waters, the blue sky, white clouds and green trees set off each other, which is particularly pleasant. According to the old records, panchi is one of the ten ancient scenic spots in Jianshui. In the past, on the night of the torch festival on June 24 of the lunar calendar, Yi and Han people lit torches on Huanwen mountain and patrolled between the terraces of the same mountain to pray for the harvest of grain.

The red flames are reflected in panchi, and they are in harmony with the stars in the sky. It is said that the more stars you see, the more candidates you will win in the coming year. Zhang Han, a famous scholar in southern Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem named "huanwenfeng is in the Pan Lake, and you can see the wild torch red from a few distance. The land has become a sea of stars, and Lingcha wants to pass through the bullfight palace I'll see you this evening. The name of the Department is Lou Xintong. " There is no Confucian temple in China with such a taste.

From the platform behind panchi, there are several stone steps. There are three couplets of "zhusiyuanyuan" square, which are nine meters high. They are of wood and stone structure. Giant stone carvings of dragon, Lin, lion and elephant sit high on the square seat and arch the wooden archway. The eaves of the square are densely decorated with exquisite Dougong. These Dougong are mainly used for decoration, but can not bear the heavy pressure of the eaves. The ancient architectural designers ingeniously made a plan on the stone unicorn and the stone lion in the middle of the Yingfang seat. They carved a kneeling stone man on the forehead of the unicorn and the lion, a stone lotus on the top of the head, and a carved dragon on the stone lotus Four wooden pillars, four stone figures and four wooden pillars support the four eaves of the top floor of the square, forming a posture of two main pillars hanging side by side and four auxiliary pillars hanging feet. Watch carefully and move freely.

On both sides of the archway, there is a brick fresco of dragon and Phoenix, one of which is "two dragons playing with pearls" and the other is "two phoenix rising sun", which is also very exquisite. The mural is made of brick and covered with tile roof. It is combined with the top of Sanying square to form a triple eaves. The top of xiehan mountain is full of eaves. From a distance, it looks like an array of geese flying over panchi, which is very pleasing to the eye. On the lintel on the back of the "zhusiyuanyuan" square, there is the word "master of all ages". After the archway, there are four brick and stone bases in the east-west direction, and the archways with the top of civil engineering are also nine meters high, respectively inscribed with the words "depeitiandi", "Daoguan Gujin", "Shengyu Youzi" and "xianguan Jinyang". There is also Dragon carving on the auxiliary column of the square top in the middle, which is similar to the "Zhusi Yuanyuan" square, but there is no stone carving of lion statue on the square base. There are more than 20 stone tablets on display in the open space, recording the process of building Confucian temples in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are valuable historical materials for the study of ancient frontier culture and education. The original apricot altar on the central axis will be built in Shunjian tomorrow. In the altar, there will be a stone carving of Confucius Tongyu. After the earthquake, the stone statue will be moved to Dacheng hall.

After that is the Lingxing gate, with three bays, carved beams and painted buildings, and tile roofs. Four wooden columns come out through the ridges. There are woodcut ornaments on the columns. On the top of the columns is a blue and white porcelain cover made in the Ming Dynasty. On the top of the cover is a dragon, and the dragon's head roars to the sky. Behind the door is a garden, with several welcoming pines dancing in competition, as if waving to visitors. In the east of the garden, there was a Kuixing Pavilion, which was destroyed and now has a famous official Temple. There are Guixiang Pavilion and Xiangxian temple in the west of the garden. Guixiang pavilion was the former site of the residence of the person in charge of the underground organization of the Communist Party of China in southern Yunnan during the liberation war.

Then there is the Dacheng gate, which has three bays, with a passage in the middle. The door is decorated with drum nails, and there is a flying dragon relief in the middle of the stone steps in front of the gate. Inside is a courtyard, behind which is the Dacheng hall, the main building of the Confucian temple. There are 15 rooms in each of the East and West chambers. The gate, the hall and the two verandahs form a square building group, which is magnificent. Dacheng hall has five bays, glazed yellow tiles and Xieshan. It is supported by twenty five meter high columns, of which twenty-two are made of whole stone. The two stone pillars supporting the left and right front eaves are carved in the shape of dragon Teng Xiangyun in the middle, and the "stone dragon holding pillars" are exquisitely carved. Among the 22 wooden screen doors, six of them are "six dragons holding saints". Six three-dimensional carved dragons are flying in the clouds and water, and the temple is surrounded by the holy seat of Confucius, which symbolizes the supreme position of Confucius' theory and thought in the field of ancient ideology. The screen doors on both sides are engraved with "two lions divide water", "magpie make plum", "rhinoceros watch the moon", "Sanyang Kaitai" and "lintu"

Chinese PinYin : Jian Shui Wen Miao