Yinggeling

Yinggeling

Yinggeling is located in the central and southern part of Hainan Island, 109 ° 11 ′ 27 ″～ 109 ° 34 ′ 06 ″ e, 18 ° 49 ′ 30 ″～ 19 ° 08 ′ 41 ″ n, covering a total area of 50464hm2, 33km wide from north to south, 39km long from east to west, with the lowest altitude of 170m and the highest altitude of 1812m.

brief introduction

Yinggeling Provincial Nature Reserve was established in July 2004 with the approval of the provincial people's Government (No. 56 document in 2004). It is located in the central and southern part of Hainan Province, with a width of about 33 km from north to South and a length of about 39 km from east to west. It spans Baisha County, Wuzhishan City, Ledong County and Qiongzhong County, namely 109 ° 11'29 ″ - 109 ° 34'15 ″ E and 18 ° 49'13 ″ - 19 ° 08'37 ″ n, with a total area of 50464 hectares. The terrain is high in the middle and low in the periphery, with an altitude range of 200-1812m. There are 6 townships, 19 village committees and 103 natural villages around the reserve, with 18337 people, including 16443 Li people, accounting for 89.7% of the total population, and 1894 Miao people. For generations, farming was the main way of life, and the primitive farming and life style were retained.

Yinggeling area is the largest and contiguous natural forest distribution area with tropical rain forest as the main body in South China. The task of Yinggeling Nature Reserve is to protect tropical rain forest and its ecosystem.

resource protection

Tropical mountain rain forest type reserve

(1) It is a very important tropical montane rain forest type reserve in China. In terms of protection type, only Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve in Yunnan is similar to Yinggeling Nature Reserve in China. However, due to geographical isolation and differences in natural environment, Yinggeling Nature Reserve in Hainan Province is different from Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province. It is characterized by high altitude, complete vertical band spectrum, rich ecological types and strong originality, which plays an irreplaceable role in China's nature reserve system.

The original tropical rain forest is the best preserved

(2) It is the best preserved nature reserve of the original tropical rain forest in China The tropical rain forest reserves in China, including Xishuangbanna, Jianfengling and Bawangling, have more or less established forest development and utilization institutions in history, and have been felled and destroyed. Yinggeling, due to its high mountains and steep slopes, closed traffic and sparsely populated, has never been formally and large-scale developed and utilized, showing very obvious primitive characteristics, and many places still have not been explored There has never been a human footprint. It is a very rare virgin tropical rainforest in China.

Treasure house of biological species

(3) Yinggeling is a treasure house of biological species in China, and a large number of new discoveries have been made. According to the survey, there are more than 2209 species of vascular plants in Yinggeling, including 5 species of national grade I key protected plants, 17 species of national grade II plants, 132 species of Hainan endemic plants and 431 species of terrestrial vertebrates. Among them, there are 4 species of national grade I key protected animals, 36 species of national grade II animals, 31 species listed in cites Convention and 51 species listed in China endangered species list

According to the animal red book, 15 species of animals are endemic to Hainan Island (65.2%), 64 species are endemic subspecies (68.8%), and 456 species of insects belong to 15 orders, 99 families. The number of animal and plant species recorded by experts is very rich, especially the first discovery of Bole tree and other species, Hainan new records, Yinggeling tree frog and more than 10 new species. Fern experts from Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences optimistically estimated that the number of Pteridophyte species in Yinggeling area is not less than 200, and there are probably a large number of unknown species in Yinggeling. The animal and plant resources in Yinggeling are representative of primitive groups or species. In the survey, new species records and Hainan new records are constantly added. The existence and new records of these primitive groups fully show that Yinggeling area is extremely rich in biodiversity. According to the analysis of species diversity by Dr. Wu Shijie, Yinggeling forest has higher species richness than other forest areas in Hainan, which indicates that its forest is more primitive.

The largest tropical rain forest

(4) There is the largest tropical rain forest in China. According to investigation and research, experts found that Yinggeling preserves the largest and contiguous primitive tropical rain forest in China, covering an area of more than 250 square kilometers. Jianfengling, which is rated as the most beautiful forest in China, has only 150 square kilometers of contiguous tropical rain forest, while Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Limushan and Wuzhishan are lower.

Source of river

(5) Yinggeling, the birthplace of Nandu River and Changhua River in Hainan Island, is located in the central mountainous area of Hainan Island. It has the most typical tropical rain forest climate characteristics of Hainan Island and is an area with large annual rainfall. There are many rivers and streams in the reserve, which converge in one place and dominate the water system of Hainan Island. Yinggeling is the birthplace and water conservation forest of Nandu River and Changhua River, the first and second largest rivers in Hainan Island. Changhua river originates from kongshiling, Wuzhi Mountain. Yinggeling is also one of its birthplaces, with a total length of 231.6km and a catchment area of 5150.4km,

The annual runoff is 39 billion cubic meters. There are 28800 hectares of cultivated land in the whole basin. Nandu River is regarded as the mother river of Hainan people. It originates from Yinggeling and flows eastward through Baisha, Tunchang and other five cities and counties. It has a total length of 156.6km, a catchment area of 7176.5km2 and an annual runoff of 49.5 billion cubic meters. There are 36300 hectares of cultivated land in the whole basin. Every year, the Songtao Reservoir is supplied with about 70% of its total storage water, and then flows eastward to Haikou Port to enter the sea. In this way, the forests in Yinggeling area have bred two major rivers in Hainan Island, feeding millions of Hainan people with her sweet milk. Therefore, protecting the forest vegetation of Yinggeling and improving the ecological environment quality of the source of the river are conducive to increasing the water quantity and improving the water quality of the two rivers, which has an important impact on the water conservation of Songtao Reservoir and the industrial and agricultural production and people's life along the two river basins.

The impact on the climate of Hainan Island

(6) The impact on the climate of Hainan Island Yinggeling is located in the west of the central part of Hainan Island, with a northeast southwest trend. Yinggeling mountain is the main body of limuling mountain. The main peak is 1812m above sea level, which is the second highest peak in Hainan. Facing Wuzhishan, the first peak across the Yangtze River (Changhua River), Yinggeling mountain has a great impact on the climate of Hainan. Every year, the strong wind and rain from southeast to Taiwan is blocked and uplifted by limuling mountain for the second time, It brings a lot of precipitation to the island, which makes the southeast slope rich in rainfall and the northwest slope less rainfall, resulting in the uneven distribution of precipitation in the island, which is an important watershed of precipitation in the East and west of the island. Every year, the northeast and northwest cold current intrudes into the island, and after being blocked by the limuling mountains, it goes southward along the east-west direction of the island, weakening the disastrous impact of the cold current on the southwest, South and southeast of Hainan Island. Once the forest and landform of Yinggeling area affect the climate of Hainan Island, once the forest vegetation of Yinggeling area is destroyed, it will fundamentally affect the overall climate of Hainan Island, causing a devastating blow to the agricultural production in the southwest, North and southeast of the island, with worrying consequences.

Central hub

(7) Yinggeling Nature Reserve is the central hub of Hainan Island. Yinggeling Nature Reserve is located in the south central part of Hainan Island, with Wuzhishan Nature Reserve in the East, diaolushan Nature Reserve in the southeast, Jianfengling, Jiaxi and houmiling nature reserves in the southwest, Bawangling Nature Reserve in the West and Limushan Nature Reserve in the north. Yinggeling Nature Reserve plays a role of link, which makes Hainan Island's small single area and fragmented nature reserve become a reality. Therefore, it is the central hub of Hainan Island's nature reserve and biodiversity protection.

Memorabilia

1) In 1981, the forestry bureau of Hainan Li Miao Autonomous Prefecture designated Nankai forest area, Yinggeling and futouling as key protected forest areas, with a total area of 280000 mu. It was designated as state-owned water source forest for full protection. Three forestry stations, Nankai, Qingsong and Yuanmen, were established to strengthen forest protection.

2) In 1992, the protection station of Hainan forestry bureau planned to build Nankai provincial nature reserve. A special investigation team was sent to Nankai township for resource investigation, and a report on the proposed Nankai Provincial Nature Reserve was prepared and submitted to the relevant departments of the provincial government, but it was not approved for a variety of reasons.

3) During 1997-1998, Nankai township of Baisha County was selected as one of the key investigation areas in Hainan Province. The survey of Nankai mainly includes Gaofeng village committee, Daoyin village committee, etc. During the 10 day investigation, it was found that there was still a certain area of natural forest in Yinggeling area. We heard about the existence of primeval forest (but the investigators failed to enter the primeval forest area), and the wildlife resources were relatively rich.

4) In November 2002, the comprehensive scientific investigation team of Hainan nature reserve once again entered Yinggeling area for investigation, and sent a special investigation team to daobailing, Daoyin village and other areas, which confirmed the existence of a piece of primeval forest for the first time.

5) In March 2003, in order to further understand the forest resources and wildlife resources in Yinggeling area, Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau and Hong Kong Kadoorie Farm cum

Chinese PinYin : Ying Ge Ling