Longting

Longting Park

synonym

Longting generally refers to Longting park

Located at the north end of Zhongshan Road in Kaifeng City, Longting park is a group of ancient buildings built according to the layout of Wanshou Palace of Qing Dynasty. From south to north, it starts from Wumen (South Gate of the scenic spot), Yudai bridge, Songhu, chaomen, dongxichaofang, Zhaobi, Longting hall, Song Dynasty wax museum, dongxihuamen and dongxikuayuan, Dongjing city and imperial city model of Northern Song Dynasty, gongchenmen site of imperial city of Northern Song Dynasty, and fangting of Wuyue zhenxingbei It is a national AAAA tourist scenic spot, which is rated as a national civilized scenic spot by the central civilization office, the Ministry of construction and the National Tourism Administration.

Historical evolution

The ancient buildings in Longting park can be traced back to the government office of Yongping army, which was built during the reign of Li Shi, Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty (780-805). Later, in the Five Dynasties, Houliang, later Jin, later Han and later Zhou successively rebuilt it into a palace. The Imperial City (including the Imperial Palace) in the Northern Song Dynasty was also here, which was called "Da Nei". In the Late Jin Dynasty, it was also the imperial palace. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Jin, it was the Yamen of Jiangbei Province in Henan Province. In the peasant uprising of the red scarf army at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Longfeng regime also took it as a temporary camp. In the Ming Dynasty, the rulers at that time built the Zhou fan palace.

In the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), Gongyuan was set up on the former site of King Zhou's residence as a place for examination. After 70 years of construction, there are more than 5000 houses in the hospital. Mingyuan building is four feet high, which gives new life to the ruins of the old imperial palace. However, due to the low-lying, serious water, can not continue to use. In the 31th year of Kangxi (1692), a longevity pavilion was built on the coal hill of the former king's residence of Zhou Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperor's long live memorial tablet was worshipped. Every festival or the emperor's birthday, local officials came here to pay homage. So the coal mountain was changed to Longting mountain, which is called "Longting" for short.

In the ninth year of Yongzheng reign (1731), Tian Wenjing, the governor, moved the Gongyuan to the new site of shangshangsi South (now Henan University).

Qianlong 15 years (AD 1750), Hongli Jiangnan, the road by Kaifeng. In order to take over, governor e Rong'an transformed the governor's office into a palace. The governor's office was moved to the inspector general's office, and the inspector general's office was moved to Dadao palace. The Taoists of Dadao palace moved to Wanshou Palace to continue preaching, and changed their name to Wanshou temple. The Zhenwu bronze statue worshipped in Dadao palace was moved into Wanshou temple.

Jiaqing two years (1797) had a special edict provinces will reserve idle money, repair temple. Ma Huiyu, the governor of Henan Province, believed that the establishment of Shinto also laid a foundation for the people, and Longting, the provincial capital, should not be delayed. In 1800, the Wanshou temple was repaired. In accordance with the principle that the servant will rise, the bad will change, and the man will be full of chalkiness, all of which will remain the old but not be changed. At the lower part of the 64 level pedals, a new platform with a height of one foot and six feet will be built, and three Zhenwu halls will be built. The bronze statues of Zhenwu will be moved to this hall for worship. Like the painting ridge hanging behind, it means to guide the source of Kunlun. The main hall of the Dragon Pavilion is 12 meters high. Inside the pavilion, there is a huge stele named "true shape of the five mountains". Taiji is suspended on it to meet the needs of the heaven and the heart. A memorial archway was added in front of the Meridian Gate, which read "gongyue with river". In 1812, Yao Wentian, the supervisor of Jiaqing school, was very dissatisfied with Ma Huiyu's reconstruction. He changed the word "gongyue Daihe" to "boundless longevity", and moved the "true shape of five mountains" tablet to the East under the stage. In the middle of the hall, the long live Memorial tablet of the Qing emperor was still worshipped.

On the night of February 19, the 25th year of Daoguang (1845), the northeast wind was blowing like thunder, and the hall was blown down. Xiangfu county magistrate built a hexagonal pavilion on the platform. From the bottom, such as the cone Zhuo Kong, under the big up small, imbalance, very unsightly. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), Ambassador Ying built a nine room hall according to the old system. After the overhaul, the Longting and its layout are from south to north, and the first is wanshouwujiang square. There is a pair of stone lions in front of the square, but the block has been silted up. Go through the archway to the gate of the Dragon Pavilion, about two miles away. There is endless water on both sides. The gate is three rooms wide, with yellow glazed tile roof, loess painted walls, and red columns and cornices. After entering the gate, there is a 2-zhang-high screen wall facing us, with a round top door opening in the middle. Inside and outside the gate are red eaves with Zhu columns, and there are two Yemen in the East and West. There are five rooms in the East and five in the West. The Dragon Pavilion is located in the north. It looks up like a ladder. The stone steps are surrounded by blue stone railings. The dragon is coiled in the middle. From the bottom to the Zhenwu hall, it reaches level 15, and from the back to the top, it reaches level 47. Nine yellow glazed tile double eaves halls are built on it. The foundation is 5 feet high, with seven stone steps, surrounded by Zhu columns, like a veranda. Outside the hall, the platform is surrounded by flower walls, and inside the hall is a memorial tablet for long live the emperor. The flower wall opens a door in the East, and there is a earth mountain down the East. There are three brick holes on the hillside, one is closed, and two are carved with stone. Most of them are poems and Fu of Wanshou Palace. In front of the cave, there are three halls of Lu Xian, and three temples of fire in the southeast. There are five true steles in the hall. There are three main rooms and two West rooms in the theater, which is called the official hall.

In 1922, Feng Yuxiang came to Kaifeng for the first time when he was in charge of Henan. They demolished the memorial archway of Wanshou temple, scattered the Taoists, destroyed the clay figurines in luzu temple and Huo temple, and were transferred from Bianjing before construction. In 1925, Hu Jingyi (former commander of Feng Yuxiang's Department), the governor of Henan Province, renovated chidao. He rebuilt the upper and lower pedals on the East and west sides of Longting into brick steps, and built a Square Pavilion on the east side of the hill, which was named Longting park. In 1927, Feng Yuxiang came to Henan for the second time and changed Longting Park into Zhongshan Park. In the south of the archway style stone pillar gate, the banner reads "Zhongshan Park"; the East banner reads "abide by the will of the premier"; the West banner reads "realize the three principles of the people"; the East banner reads "freedom"; the West banner reads "equality". After passing the archway, it is a 180 Zhang long and 2 Zhang wide road. At the north end of the road, there is a single eaves hard gate with three rooms wide. Inside the gate, a new monument is built in front of the wall. It is more than two Zhang high, with the inscription "monument to revolutionary martyrs and martyrs". The inscription on the monument is "spirit immortal". In 1929, a bronze statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen was erected behind the Zhaobi and in front of the abandoned Zhenwu hall. The main hall on the stage was Zhongshan club. So far, the park has begun to take shape.

After 1931, Zhongshan Park was changed again. The original East Gate was changed from "freedom" to "the world is for the public"; the west gate was changed from "equality" to "happy land for the people". Sun Yat Sen's portrait is hung in the center of Longting hall, and many revolutionary martyrs' portraits are hung next to it. A radio station is set across the courtyard in the East, and a Henan Institute of historic sites and a national art museum are set across the courtyard in the West.

In 1938, Kaifeng was occupied by the Japanese, and the puppet government once restored the temples in all parts of Longting, using religion to poison the people.

In 1942, the puppet Henan Education Department set up Xinmin Education Hall in Longting, and changed Zhongshan Park into Xinmin park.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Liu maoen, governor of Henan Province of the Kuomintang, changed the Longting hall into a martyr's temple in Henan Province. In the hall, 66 memorial tablets of Anti Japanese soldiers such as Zhang Zizhong were built, and a monument was erected to record the reconstruction process. The original monument in front of the screen wall has been demolished.

In June 1948, when Kaifeng was liberated for the first time, Li Zhongxin, commander of the 66th division of the KMT, and others fought against Longting and were killed by the PLA. Longting was also seriously damaged. On October 24, 1948, when Kaifeng was liberated for the second time, Longting returned to the embrace of the people.

In 1953, it was officially named Longting park.

geographical environment

Longting park is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, the eastern Henan plain and the south wing of the lower Yellow River alluvial fan

It is a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, sufficient light, mild climate and moderate rainfall.

architectural composition

Longting park is built on the site of imperial palaces of Six Dynasties (Houliang, later Jin, later Han, Later Zhou, Northern Song and Jin Dynasties). It is mainly composed of golden and magnificent Longting hall, which is composed of Wumen, Yudai bridge, Songhu, chaomen, Zhaobi, chaofang, etc.

Longting Park covers an area of 1038 mu, including 710 mu of water area (including Yang Lake and fan Lake)

. According to the layout of Wanshou Palace of Qing Dynasty, the ancient architecture group is composed of Meridian Gate (South Gate of scenic spot), Yudai bridge, Songhu, chaomen, east-west chaofang, Zhaobi, Longting hall, Song Dynasty wax museum, east-west Chuihua gate and east-west cross courtyard, North Song Dynasty Tokyo city and Imperial City model, North Song Dynasty Imperial City Gongchen Gate site, five mountains zhenxingbei Square Pavilion, north gate, east side gate, etc. There are also plant modeling garden, bonsai garden, plum garden, landscape and so on. Longting scenic area is surrounded by water on three sides, and the main venue of the annual chrysanthemum Festival is located here. Longting has become a symbol of Kaifeng.

Main attractions

Longting Hall

The main hall of the Dragon Pavilion is a part of the former site of the imperial palace of the Song Dynasty. The high terrace of his highness is the earth mountain in the garden of the palace of the Ming Dynasty. Longting hall is the main part of the Qing Dynasty architecture group in the park, built on the platform of 72 steps. The main hall faces south from the north. In front of the hall, there is a royal road with a coiled dragon carved in blue stone. The stone carving of Yunlong still bears the horse's hoof seal of Zhao Kuangyin. On the East and west sides of the royal road, there are up and down pedals and sidewalks. Longting hall is 26.7 meters high, 19.10 meters long from east to west and 11.90 meters wide from north to south. The ceiling inside the hall is painted with blue clouds and colorful dragon patterns. The eaves outside the hall are high, and wind bells are hung at the eaves corners. The wind bells ring with the wind, which is very wonderful. The main hall of the Dragon Pavilion is majestic

Chinese PinYin : Long Ting