Sanyuan Palace

Sanyuan Palace

Sanyuan palace in Guangzhou

Taoism is a famous temple. At the south foot of Yuexiu mountain, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. It was first built in 319, the second year of emperor Daxing of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was originally named yuegangyuan. It was the place where Baogu, the daughter of Nanhai prefect Bao Liang, practiced Taoism and medicine. Because it is located in the north of the city, it is also called "Beimiao" by later generations. It is a Taoist building with a long history and a large scale in Lingnan.

Sanyuan palace in Guangzhou

It is a Taoist building with a long history and a large scale in Lingnan. According to historical records, it was built by Bao Liang, the governor of the South China Sea in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it was called Sanyuan palace when it was rebuilt in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Sanyuan palace is located in the south of Yuexiu mountain. It is built close to the mountain and gradually rises. The total building area of the existing halls is about 2000 square meters. The layout of Sanyuan palace is centered on the Sanyuan palace facing the mountain gate. The front of the hall is a corridor and the bell and drum towers are connected to the East and West. Behind the main hall is the laoqun hall, with two sides from south to north, the east side of which is the guest hall, Zhaitang, jiuzu hall and luzu hall, and the west side of which is the Botang, Xinzu hall and Baogu hall.

In December 1989, Guangzhou Municipal People's government announced it as a cultural relic protection unit.

summary

Sanyuan temple is a famous Taoist temple in Guangzhou. At the south foot of Yuexiu mountain, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. Founded in 319, the second year of emperor Daxing of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was originally named yuegangyuan. It was the place where Baogu, the daughter of Nanhai prefect Bao Liang, practiced Taoism and medicine. Because it was located in the north of the city, it was also called "Beimiao" by later generations. After reconstruction in 1643, it was renamed Sanyuan palace to worship the upper, middle and lower three yuan emperors. In 1700, Du Yangdi, the then president of the Qing Dynasty, was subsidized by Shang Kexi, the king of Pingnan, It has successively expanded the Lingguan hall, Sanyuan hall, bell and Drum Tower, luzu hall, Baogu hall, Laojun hall, Yuhuang hall, doulao hall and daoshe hall, making Sanyuan palace a famous Taoist temple in Lingnan. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Tongzhi and Guangxu, they were repaired to varying degrees.

During the Anti Japanese War, the palace was badly damaged, and later it was rebuilt by Abbot he Chengrui. During the cultural revolution, the palace was damaged again. Since 1982, the Taoist circles in Guangzhou began to repair it comprehensively. There are nearly 100 Taoist buildings, such as Lingguan hall, Sanyuan hall, Baogu Hall, luzu hall, Yuhuang hall, Laojun hall and daoshe. Pilgrims and tourists come to the palace all year round With fragrant flowers and plants, it is not only a major tourist attraction in Guangzhou, but also a famous Taoist official Temple in Lingnan. It is now the seat of Guangzhou Taoist Association.

The overall layout of Sanyuan palace is as follows: the Sanyuan palace facing the mountain gate is the center, facing south from north; the worship corridor in front of the palace connects the bell and Drum Tower from east to west, and the Laojun palace is at the back of the palace; from south to north, the old ancestral hall, Zhaitang, Hakka hall, luzu hall are on the East, and the Bo hall, Xinzu hall, Baogu hall and other buildings are on the West. The total building area of each hall is about 2000 square meters. Sanyuan palace, the main hall of Sanyuan palace, is 20.27 meters wide and 16.85 meters deep. It is built on a high stone platform in the north, connecting with the bell, Drum Tower and worship gallery. It is unique among ancient buildings in Guangzhou.

Sanyuan palace is a municipal cultural relic protection unit. It is the main activity site for the popular religious folk festivals of Shangyuan birthday, Zhongyuan birthday and Xiayuan birthday in Guangzhou.

Historical Retrospection

overview

Sanyuan palace in Guangzhou was built in Jin Dynasty and located at the foot of Yuexiu mountain in the north of Guangzhou. Bao Gu, a female acupuncturist in Jin Dynasty, adopted AI as the place where she practised medicine. It was rebuilt in Ming Dynasty and renamed Sanyuan palace. According to the inscription in the history of Sanyuan palace, Sanyuan palace is located at the foot of Yuexiu mountain. Bao Liangjian, the governor of the South China Sea in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was named yuegangyuan. The Wanli and Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty rebuilt their present names. " (1) Sanyuan palace was rebuilt seven times in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China. The history of Sanyuan Palace also records that it was rebuilt in all dynasties. In the 13th year of Shunzhi, Li Qifeng donated money to rebuild it into a Taoist temple. In the 54th year of Qianlong, the governor Jiayong donated money to the emperor. He initiated the abbots Yu Jiaoning, Li Yongshou, and Yang Hejiong to raise money to supervise the work, which was completed in the 60th year of Qianlong It was rebuilt by Deng Shixian, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in the eighth year of Tongzhi, Liang zongqi, the abbot in the 28th year of Guangxu, Zhang zongrun, the abbot in the eighth year of the Republic of China, and Zhou Zonglang and he Chengduan, the abbots in the 33rd year of the Republic of China. With the help of Ouyang Lin, it was rebuilt on March 21. (2) After many renovations, the original statue of Guanyin of Wu Daozi was found in the Stone Gallery in front of the hall. There is also the old site of qiulongjing in the west corner. Zhang Xingang provided funds to repair an old house in Qiujing to commemorate Baogu's success in building a sutra collection Pavilion and collecting books of ancient sages. It can be seen from the above records that Sanyuan palace was originally the place where Bao Gu, a female acupuncturist in Jin Dynasty, practised medicine. After her death, people set up a memorial temple there to commemorate her. In Qing Dynasty, it was rebuilt as a Taoist temple. The existing medical history relics mainly include: Baogu palace, Qiulong ancient well and Taoist practice stele.

Founding period

The history of Sanyuan palace dates back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the 320th year of emperor Daxing of the Yuan Dynasty, Bao Liang, the prefect of Nanhai county and a native of Chenliu (now Kaifeng in Henan Province), built a place for his daughter Bao Gu (wife of Ge Hong, a Taoist theorist and a Jurong in Danyang), which was originally named yuegangyuan. Bao Gu practices medicine to save the world. She collects herbs such as red foot wormwood, uses well water in the hospital, makes medicine, and uses moxibustion to cure tumors. After the death of Baogu fairy, people felt that he was good at medical ethics. He raised money for the statue and worshipped it in the courtyard. It was for baoxiangu hall. The well that Baogu used to practice medicine and use medicine is treasured by later generations and is called Qiulong ancient well. Time flies. In the Tang Dynasty, it was once a Wuxing temple, extending to the Southern Han Dynasty. By the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the original Yuegang hospital was finally overhauled. According to Qu Dajun's record: in 1643, the emperor's heavenly supervisor came to Guangzhou for inspection. He said: Tianwei, Santai and Yingyun were staying in Guangzhou. Yuexiu mountain has a strong momentum, so Yuegang courtyard should be changed into Sanyuan palace to worship Sanyuan emperor, in order to meet heaven's auspicious spirit. At that time, the gentry and senior officials agreed to raise funds to build Sanyuan statue in the main hall, and Baogu hall was moved to the side hall, so Sanyuan Palace got its name.

In 1700, a long drought occurred in Guangzhou. Du Yangdong, the 12th xuansi of Longmen and the abbot of Chongxu Temple of Luofu Mountain, came to pray for rain at the special invitation of the officials and gentry of Sui city, and the fruit came to rain, so he was left as the first abbot of Sanyuan palace. The Sanyuan palace, with an area of more than 800 wells (1 well is 11.1 square meters), became a forest of Taoist temples, providing food and clothing for the former Taoist couples, and the religious life became more and more perfect. Du also bought more than 600 mu of land for Sanyuan palace, which is more than 400000 square meters. Later, he was regarded as the founder of the palace.

Operation period

The experience of Sanyuan palace is extraordinary. In 1656, Li Qifeng, governor of Guangdong Province, donated his salary to rebuild the Sanyuan hall and the bell and Drum Tower. Since then, during the more than 100 years from Kangxi, Qianlong, Daoguang to Tongzhi, officials and gentry such as governor Jin Hongzhen, Jia Tongfu and Ruilin, Kuang Shixian and abbots Du Yangdong, Yu Jiaoning and Huang Zongxing of Yunnan grain storage Road, either donated their salaries, or supervised the expansion of their work. The Palace became more and more magnificent and the incense became more and more prosperous. After the Republic of China, Sanyuan palace rose and fell. During the period of longjiguang (1914-1916), sanyuangong was listed as a military forbidden zone, and the gate was ignored.

In 1919, Zhang zongrun, the abbot, rebuilt it.

During Chen Jitang's reign in Guangdong (1929-1936), the Sanyuan palace flourished again because of Chen's belief in Buddhism. In 1931, the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of education planned to set up an art school in Sanyuan palace. Although Chen Jitang's mother-in-law tried to deal with it, they still wanted to allocate the eight immortals hall, Qixia cave and Wulao cave in Houshan. According to the Guohua daily, after the disaster, Shangyuan was born on the 15th day of the first lunar month in 1936, and more than 100000 people still participated in the festival. During the Anti Japanese War, the Taoist couple scattered, and only a few people were left in the cold again.

After the surrender of the Japanese army, sanyuangong was revived. On October 15, 1946, the Lunar New Year's day came, and the visitors were so busy that they couldn't even get into the place of kneeling. That year, the government wanted to build a martyr's temple in Sanyuan palace. In order to protect the Taoist temple, the abbots Tang Chengjing and Li Xinxie initiated the establishment of the Chinese Taoist Association. They hired important political figures to serve as honorary officials in the palace. After the activity, the martyrs' temple was moved to other places.

Precious cultural relics

The temples in the palace, built during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, reflect the architectural style of Taoist temples in the Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than 300 years. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), the abbot Liang zongqi donated more than 600 mu of land to the palace to sponsor the establishment of Shimin middle school. For this reason, the Qing government granted two plaques: "protecting the light and encouraging learning" and "protecting the country and the people". The original characters were written on yellow silk. When the two plaques came from Beijing to Guangzhou, the official Longzhong welcomed them. They were engraved on the huge plaques and hung in front of the hall. Both plaques were destroyed during the "Cultural Revolution", and the latter was set up in 1982 when the Sanyuan palace was opened.

In the 1950s, there were four characters of Liu Shi'an, one of Kang Youwei's, one of Ju Lian's peony, one of Shen mianchun's bamboo, one of bamboo Zen's bamboo and one of Taoist collection in the palace. The king of Pingnan was happy to send a bell. After the "Cultural Revolution", the above-mentioned cultural relics have disappeared.

In 1869, the abbot Huang Zongsheng rebuilt the Sanyuan palace and got the stone from Zhaoqing. It is still in the small pool in front of luzu hall. Wu Daozi of Tang Dynasty painted the true work of Guanyin, which is 1.5 meters high and 1 meter wide. It is still embedded in the stone wall of the stone corridor on the west side of the palace. The Qiulong ancient well left by Baogu was filled up in 1947 because of the large area of mud in the well, and only the remains of the well fence were preserved. In 1965, due to filling up the ground, the well was annihilated. In 1983, the ancient well of Qiulong reappeared. In September 1990, Laojun hall was rebuilt and completed. The benefactor sent the statue of Laojun qingniu, which will become a cultural relic in the future.

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Chinese PinYin : San Yuan Gong