Lushan conference site

The former Lushan conference site is located at the foot of toubi peak in Guling East Valley. It was one of the three buildings that Chiang Kai Shek founded in Lushan. It was completed in 1937 and is known as Lushan auditorium. After liberation, it was renamed "people's theater", with spectacular appearance and gorgeous interior. The Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1959, the central working conference in 1961 and the second plenary session of the ninth Central Committee in 1970 were held here. Comrade Mao Zedong presided over these three important meetings.

Lushan conference Memorial: the former site has been turned into Lushan conference Memorial. It contains many precious objects, photos, materials and videos made according to documentaries.

Lushan building: not far from the right side of the memorial. It used to be the residence of middle and lower ranking officers of the Kuomintang officer training regiment. On the front of the plaque, there were four characters inscribed by Chiang Kai Shek: "Lushan school". It has been decorated as a tourist hotel with standard rooms. Located in the middle of the meeting site and the building, a palace style building is the Lushan library, which was completed in 1935. It is now used as a shopping mall and restaurant.

Lushan conference site

Lushan conference site is located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, Lushan Guling East Valley changchong River, throwing pen peak foot of the fire lotus courtyard. The original name of this building is Lushan auditorium, which is the conference auditorium of Chuanxi Xueshe. The former site was built by the Central Party headquarters of the Kuomintang at a cost of 200000 yuan. The Central Party Department of the Kuomintang commissioned the design of Gao Guansi, an engineer of "Central China company". On June 24, 1937, the "Central News Agency" telegraphed that the Lushan auditorium "is a palace style auditorium with glazed tiles, which is divided into two floors. It is a dining hall on the top and an auditorium on the top. It can accommodate thousands and hundreds of people and can show movies.". The elevation in front of the auditorium gate is 1007 meters.

Only the facade of the former site has the meaning of Chinese palace style, and the main structure and decoration are still Western architectural spirit. It is also a longitudinally symmetrical boutique. The combination of the horizontal rectangle at the front of its plan and the vertical rectangle of the auditorium part. It covers an area of 830 square meters. The Chinese national style of its doorhead is prominently displayed in the blue glazed tile eaves and under the eaves. There are also three arched gates in the middle of its first floor, with octagonal windows on both sides. It's a national style. In the middle of the second floor, there are a row of rectangular windows. There are columns between the windows, stone buckets and floors. In front of the auditorium is the rest room.

Historical evolution

The former site of Lushan conference was built in 1935 and completed in 1937. Lushan auditorium is one of the "three major buildings in Lushan Mountain" in the period of the Republic of China. It was designed by Chinese engineer Gao Guansi and constructed by Shanghai Huashen company. Chiang Kai Shek was here many times to lecture the officers of the Kuomintang army. It was an important base for Chiang Kai Shek to train and train the backbone.

After the founding of new China, the building was renamed Lushan people's theater. Since 1959, the CPC Central Committee has held three important meetings here, namely, the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the CPC Central Committee in 1959, the central work conference in 1961 and the second plenary session of the ninth Central Committee of the CPC Central Committee in 1970. The site was officially opened to the outside world in 1985 and listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 1996. At the same time, it is one of the important bases for patriotism education.

Architectural features

The former site of Lushan conference, which integrates the eastern and Western architectural arts, has a unique style. It is built on the back of the green hill and near the water. It faces south and is surrounded by streams. The site selection is very particular and permeates with a strong traditional concept. In terms of technical treatment, Western technology, new materials and design methods are adopted. At the same time, traditional Chinese forms, elements and composition methods are adopted. It not only embodies the style of the Chinese nation, but also has the characteristics of Western architecture, which makes the Chinese and Western architectural arts skillfully combine. It is a model of modern architecture in Lushan.

The former site is in the shape of "t", 397 meters long, 309 meters wide and 168 meters high. It has two upper and lower floors, with a total construction area of about 4000 square meters. Single eaves iron tile. There is a cornice about 1 meter between the roof and the wall, covered with blue glazed tiles. There are tall steel windows on the walls around the house, with excellent lighting and magnificent interior. The building faces east and West. The front entrance has three arched gates, similar to the ancient city gate in China. On the front of the second floor, there are five large steel windows, which make the interior form a closed inner corridor, and also reflect the era of architectural art.

Exhibition layout

On the crimson curtain of the gate of the former Lushan conference site is inlaid with six characters "Lushan conference site". The second floor is the Theater Hall and lounge. The theater hall is the venue of the Lushan conference, and the rostrum of the conference still retains the original appearance of the second plenary session of the ninth CPC Central Committee. The rest room serves as an exhibition hall, displaying the graphic materials of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping, Peng Dehuai and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation. The documentary "misty clouds on Lushan Mountain" will be screened in the hall after editing and compiling three Lushan meetings.

Combined with the existing space environment, the exhibition adopts sound, light, electricity, multimedia, film and television and other comprehensive techniques to show the important figures and events related to the three Lushan conferences, highlighting the revolutionary practice of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries in Lushan. The original appearance of the venue of the second plenary session of the ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was fully restored, which truly reproduced history. It is an excellent material to carry out ideological education and revolutionary tradition education.

historical event

the Republic of China era

In the summer of 1937, the Kuomintang decided to invite all parties, democratic organizations and celebrities from all walks of life to Lushan to hold a "talk meeting" to discuss the Anti Japanese war. More than 200 people were invited. The talks will be held in three phases from July 15 to August 15. On the morning of July 16, the first phase of "Lushan talk" was held in the conference room of Lushan library. In addition to Jiang Jieshi, Wang Jingwei, Yu Youren, Feng Yuxiang, Zhang Qun, Li Liejun, Dai Chuanxian, Chen Bulei, Zeng Zhongming and other party and state officials, there are also Zhu Kezhen, Zhang Boling, Jiang Menglin, Hu Shi, Mei Yiqi, Ma Junwu, Wu Yifang, Ma Yinchu, Fu Sinian, Liang Shiqiu, Chen Gongbo, Zhou Fohai, Du Chongyuan and other celebrities from all walks of life. Celebrities who are used to seeing western style villas greatly appreciate Lushan library. They think it is very appropriate to discuss the national events in the buildings with their own national architectural characteristics. At about 9:00, Wang Jingwei delivered a speech first, and then Wang Yunwu, Zeng Qi and others spoke in support of the government's policy of uniting all parties, factions and democratic organizations to resist Japan. On the morning of July 17, Chiang Kai Shek issued the "Declaration on the war of resistance against Japan" in front of all the representatives. The great national war of resistance against Japan finally officially began. From September 1 to 15, 1946, the second National Congress of the three Youth League was held here.

New China period

The Lushan meeting in 1959 is actually the general name of two important meetings: the first is the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee from July 2 to August 1, and the second is the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee from August 2 to 16. Members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, the first secretaries of provinces, cities and autonomous regions, and relevant persons in charge of the central and state organs attended the meeting. The original topic of the meeting was to sum up the experience and lessons learned since 1958 and discuss the tasks of economic work in the future. In the early stage of the meeting, Mao Zedong summed up the domestic situation as "great achievements, many problems and bright future" in his speech, pointing out that one of the important lessons of the "great leap forward" is that there is no balance, the indicators are too high, and we need to change them. He also put forward 19 issues, such as reading, situation and work tasks, for discussion, so as to continue to correct the mistakes in the "great leap forward" and the rural people's communization movement that had been perceived at that time. In the group discussion, the participants had different opinions. On July 14, Peng Dehuai wrote a letter to Mao Zedong. On the premise of affirming the general line and the work in 1958, he analyzed the "left" errors since 1958 and their causes, and put forward specific suggestions. In the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, Mao Zedong proposed to "comment on the nature of this letter" and print it to each group for discussion. During the group discussion, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Xiaozhou and many others expressed support for Peng dehuaixin's opinions. On July 23, in his speech, Mao Zedong accused the letter of showing "the vacillation of the Bourgeoisie" and attacking the party. Since then, the meeting has turned and launched the so-called struggle to criticize the anti party clique of Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian and Zhou Xiaozhou. On August 16, the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed documents such as "struggle to defend the party's general line and oppose Right opportunism" and "resolution on the mistakes of the anti Party group headed by Comrade Peng Dehuai". The criticism of Peng Dehuai in the late Lushan conference and the "anti rightist" struggle carried out in the whole party not only interrupted the efforts to rectify the "left" in economic work for a time, but also greatly damaged the normal principles of political life in the party.

From August 23 to September 16, 1961, the CPC Central Committee held a working conference in the Lushan people's theater (renamed after the liberation Lushan Auditorium), which was presided over by Mao Zedong. The conference discussed industry, food, finance and trade, education and other issues, with the focus on industry. The conference passed the "Regulations on the work of state owned industrial enterprises" (also known as "Seventy articles of industry") and the "Regulations of the Ministry of education of the people's Republic of China" The Provisional Regulations on the work of institutions of higher learning (also known as 60 articles of Higher Education) are as follows:

Chinese PinYin : Lu Shan Hui Yi Jiu Zhi