Glass bridge of Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon

Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon glass bridge, the world's tallest and longest glass bridge with the world's tallest bungee jumping, is officially open to visitors. Visitors are invited to test their courage.

Located in Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon Scenic Area, this glass bridge is the highest and longest span glass bridge in the world. It is built on the peaks on both sides of the Grand Canyon and crosses the Grand Canyon. The relative height of the bridge arch from the valley bottom is about 400 meters, and the total length is about 370 meters. The bridge deck is all paved with transparent glass, and the center of the bridge is the world's highest bungee jumping. Standing on the bridge, you can have a panoramic view of the valley floor at the foot of 400 meters. After the completion of the main glass bridge, it will declare the Guinness world record.

The two auxiliary glass bridges, which are 12 meters and 15 meters high respectively, are ancillary preliminary works of the main glass bridge. One is located on the water surface at a depth of 9 meters and 3 meters away from the water surface. The other is located on the canyon, which is a pair of "sister bridges". The person in charge of the scenic spot said that he hoped to use the twin bridges to test the tourists' psychology and body, so as to help them build up confidence and overcome timidity.

Yuntiandu

synonym

Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon glass bridge generally refers to yuntiandu

Yuntiandu glass bridge, formerly known as Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon glass bridge, is located in sanguansi Tujia Township, Cili County, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China. It is one of the important scenic spots in Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon Scenic Area.

Yuntiandu started construction in 2014,

The whole bridge closure was completed on December 3, 2015,

Completed and put into operation on August 20, 2016.

Yuntiandu is 536 meters long and 6 meters wide,

As a large valley suspension bridge, it is famous at home and abroad for setting many world records of glass bridges.

Construction process

On November 23, 2012, designer Haim dotan and Israeli construction safety analyst doronshalev visited the glass bridge project of Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon,

The project was constructed by Bridge Company of China Construction Sixth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd;

On November 26, the feasibility of the bridge project was certified by Chinese and foreign experts in Wuhan China Railway Bridge Survey and Design Institute. The expert group decided to adopt the cable-stayed method to build the glass bridge;

On December 1, Zhangjiajie authorities responded that the construction of glass bridge will not damage the Grand Canyon landscape.

On November 14, 2014, the preliminary design scheme of Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon glass bridge passed the expert review, and the main construction of the bridge began to enter the substantive stage.

On May 11, 2015, the glass bridge of Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon entered the test stage of glass bearing destructive test, guardrail tensile test and wind tunnel test;

On December 3, the steel box girder of Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon glass bridge was closed;

On December 20, Chen Zhidong, chairman of Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon Scenic Area, dressed up as Santa Claus, stood on the glass bridge and launched a global campaign to collect bridge names.

On May 6, 2016, the glass bridge of Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon was renamed yuntiandu;

On June 25, yuntiandu bridge deck was hammered and inspected;

On August 20, yuntiandu was officially opened to the outside world and put into use after being accepted by relevant departments.

Bridge location

Yuntiandu is located in the south of the Grand Canyon Scenic Area in sanguansi Tujia Township, Cili County, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China. The main bridge spans Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon. The southwest and northeast ends of the bridge connect the peak cliff between lishuya and wuwangpo respectively;

It is about 50 kilometers away from Zhangjiajie City in the West.

Architectural design

building structure

Appearance

Yuntiandu is made of transparent glass, and the whole bridge is integrated with the surrounding environment. The whole bridge has the characteristics of large span, narrow deck, light weight and low beam height. It integrates the functions of sidewalk, sightseeing, bungee jumping, cable skating and stage. It is the world's first suspension bridge with large open cable surface and a large bridge with glass as the main stress structure.

The great form has no shape. Great sound is hard to hear. Elephants are Lao Tzu.

Foundation

According to the special topographical and geological conditions of karst landform area, gravity anchor is adopted for the East anchorage of yuntiandu, and the foundation is open cut expanded foundation; the tunnel anchor with linear change of anchor plug section is adopted for the West anchorage. The pylons at both ends are of circular reinforced concrete single column structure, and each pylon adopts bored pile foundation. The pier adopts the column frame pier structure with cap beam, and the bored pile is under each pier column.

Cable

Yuntiandu main cable is composed of several strands, and each strand is composed of several galvanized high-strength steel wires. The bridge saddle adopts indirect force transmission structure, and the saddle body is full cast structure. High strength parallel steel wire is used for the long sling body of the bridge, steel tie rod is used for the short sling body, the sling is connected with the cable clamp at the installation position, and the main cable is clamped by the two half cables.

Because the main cable adopts spatial cable plane, the lateral and torsional stiffness of the bridge span structure is improved.

● stiffening beam

Yuntiandu stiffening beam adopts inverted trapezoidal section steel box girder and longitudinal and transverse structure, which is a single span suspended simply supported system. Both ends of the stiffening beam are provided with upstream and downstream vertical tension and compression supports to restrict the vertical displacement of the stiffening beam, and the torsion of the stiffening beam is restrained by the combined action of upstream and downstream vertical supports. Both ends of the stiffening beam are equipped with lateral wind resistant bearings and upstream and downstream longitudinal dampers, which can share part of the longitudinal seismic inertia force and restrict the longitudinal displacement of the stiffening beam under rapid displacement. Concrete is poured into the steel box of the longitudinal beam of the stiffening beam to improve the gravity stiffness of the structure. Space cable plane is used to improve the transverse stiffness of the structure. Measures such as setting air nozzles on both sides of the stiffening beam, setting flow stabilizing plate on the bottom plate and using open railings are taken to comprehensively solve the wind resistance problems of the bridge structure. The lifting lug adopts plate structure, the bottom edge is welded on the top plate, and is connected with the outer web of the longitudinal beam through the top plate. Because the cable is a spatial structure, the lifting lug inclines along the transverse direction of the bridge at a certain angle, which matches the angle of the sling in the completed bridge state.

Glass plate

Yuntiandu adopts glass as the bridge deck. Three layers of toughened glass are set in the exposed area surrounded by the main (side) longitudinal beam and cross beam of the stiffening beam, and film is set between the layers. Two layers of toughened anti-skid glass are laid above the main (side) longitudinal beam and cross beam, and film is also set between the layers. The optimized elastic rubber gaskets are set at the bottom and side of the glass structure to ensure that the glass structure has enough clearance and deformation coordination ability under various loads, so that it can only bear local loads and does not participate in the overall stress of the whole bridge structure. Each toughened laminated glass is equipped with fasteners to prevent throwing at the midpoint of four sides to enhance the structural safety. The outer side of the film gasket is covered with silicone weather resistant structural sealant to improve its durability.

Anti vibration

In order to avoid the potential safety hazard caused by resonance, yuntiandu adopts different forms of TMD and TLD to contain the transverse and vertical vibration, and uses eddy current damper to contain the longitudinal vibration; glass ball is set on the top of the main beam to disturb the pedestrian's feet, and is used as the mass block of TMD.

Design parameters

Yuntiandu has a total length of 536m, and the bridge deck is more than 280m away from the valley bottom. There are four cable towers in the whole bridge, with a maximum of 40.65m. The horizontal center distances of the two towers on the East and west sides are 50m and 45m respectively. The transverse spacing of main cables at the pylon is 6 times of that at the mid span of the bridge, the ratio of rise to span is 1:21, and the ratio of height to span of main girder is 1:625.

The stiffening beam has a total length of 375 meters, a span of 373 meters, and a one-way longitudinal slope of - 1.5% from west to east; it is divided into seven types along the direction of the bridge, with a total of 37 sections, the standard section is 10 meters long, the end section is 12.5 meters long, the height is 0.6 meters, and the maximum weight is 80.8 tons; the widening section is within 50 meters of both ends, and the bridge deck changes from 6 meters to 15 meters in linear planning. The transverse bridge spacing of the main longitudinal beam is 4.5m, and one side longitudinal beam is added at the outside of the upstream and downstream of the widening section; the standard spacing of the transverse beam and the longitudinal bridge spacing of the sling are 5m.

The main suspension span of the bridge is 430 m, of which the main cable span on the north side is arranged as "55 m + 430 m + 51 m", the main cable span on the south side is arranged as "80 m + 430 m + 82 m", and the transverse spacing of the main cable changes from 50 m to 9.14 m. There are 148 cables in total.

The distance between the center of the East and West pylons and the nearest sling is 37.5m, and the standard sling distance is 5m. A single sling section contains 61 steel wires with a diameter of 5mm and a tensile strength of 1670 MPa. There are two main cables in the whole bridge. Each main cable contains 19 strands, each strand contains 91 5.1 mm diameter steel wires, the ultimate tensile strength is 1670 MPa, and the longest strand weighs 8.43 tons.

The capping beams of the piers at both ends are 15 meters long, 1.8 meters wide and 1.4 meters high, the diameter of the cylindrical pier body is 1.3 meters, the distance between the three piers is 4 meters, and the heights of the East and West piers are 2.7 meters and 3.2 meters respectively.

There are 99 pieces of glass on yuntiandu bridge deck. Each piece of glass is 4.42m long, 3.01M wide, 5cm thick and 1.5T heavy. The design load is 800 people.

Equipment and facilities

Yuntiandu supporting facilities include tourist center, toilet, parking lot, plank road, grandstand, water and power supply system, identification system, etc;

Ancillary facilities include bungee jumping, rope platform and handrails. Bungee jumping and cable platform are suspended under the stiffening beam through rigid suspenders, and are installed on the bridge

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Jia Jie Da Xia Gu Bo Li Qiao