Guangyu Temple

It is said that after Lu Xiufu, the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, died in yamen, Guangdong Province, some of his people who moved to the South secretly fled here to hide. Hundreds of years later, they developed into Qiangang village. Guangyu temple is the ancestral hall of the Lu family. Guangyu ancestral hall is the first ancient building with exact architectural age found in Guangdong. It is called "a very valuable architectural specimen" by the famous archaeologist Mai Yinghao. It is an example of the ancestral hall with obvious Northern Style in the Pearl River Delta region.

Guangyu Temple

Guangyu ancestral temple is located in Qiangang village, Taiping Town, Conghua District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. It has seven historical marks, with a total construction area of 816 square meters and an area of 992 square meters.

brief introduction

Because it has seven marks of historical characters, this is its most precious part.

Guangyu temple is the first ancient building with exact architectural age found in Guangdong. It is called "a very valuable architectural specimen" by the famous archaeologist Mai Yinghao.

This is the only cultural relic in China and even in the world. The most clear maintenance records of the ancient temple are engraved on the inscriptions under the purlin or on the wall.

Structural features

Guangyu ancestral hall has three entrances, sitting in the north and south. The main seat is made of wood frame. The gables on both sides are load-bearing, the roof is plain tile, and the suspended Hill roof. It is an example of the ancestral hall with obvious Northern Style in the Pearl River Delta region.

Cultural relic value

According to Liu Xiaoming, director of the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of culture, Guangyu ancestral temple has historical, architectural and aesthetic values. It is an important ancient architectural relic that studies the history of the northerners' moving to the South and the architectural styles of the north and the south.

According to the award-winning announcement of the United Nations, the restoration of Guangyu temple is an outstanding example of sincere cooperation among villagers, government agencies and technical consultants in protecting local heritage.

Historical legend

Conghua district is one of the birthplaces of Lingnan culture. Guangyu ancestral hall, located in Qiangang village, Taiping Town, is a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province.

This ancestral hall has a long history. It is said that after Lu Xiufu, the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, died in yamen, Guangdong Province, some of his people who moved south secretly fled here to hide. Hundreds of years later, it developed into Qiangang village. Guangyu ancestral hall is the ancestral hall of the Lu family.

Hidden treasure

The most valuable thing in Guangyu temple may not be seen by ordinary people.

Because Guangyu temple, as a ancestral temple, has always been popular. Before liberation, Guangyu Temple used to be the headquarters and granary of local guerrillas; during the great leap forward, it became the canteen of commune; during the cultural revolution, it became the headquarters of "rebels"; later, it became the dormitory of educated youth in the countryside.

After so much history, other ancestral halls may have been beyond recognition. However, the treasure of Guangyu ancestral hall was hidden on the top of the head and in the main girder, so it survived.

A rare treasure was found in Guangyu Temple: the riverside map of Qingming Festival in Guangzhou. A 8.7-meter-long and 0.3-meter-wide cornice board on the West Wing of the building reflects the urban scenery and rural life along the North Bank of the Pearl River in Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. In the form of relief and hollowed out carvings, the eaves boards represent the scenery on both sides of the Pearl River in the Ming and Qing Dynasties: there are old men playing chess and fishing, foreigners wearing high hats, folk houses and shops along the river; Dashatou in the East was still a suburb in those days, with pastoral scenery, such as herding sheep, chopping firewood and farming. It's no wonder that some people call the cornice board "the riverside map of Qingming Festival in Guangzhou".

Restoration of ancestral hall

Guangyu Temple project is the crystallization of "sincere cooperation among villagers, government agencies and technical consultants".

According to relevant sources, Chen Jianhua, then Secretary of the Conghua municipal Party committee and director of this project, is also the director of the Municipal Cultural Administration Commission, which is unique in the country. It can be seen that he attaches great importance to cultural heritage.

The general person in charge of the maintenance of the ancient temple is Professor Lu Yuanding, a well-known ancient architecture expert in China and from South China University of technology. The construction unit is also a construction company specialized in ancient building maintenance.

Professor Lu Yuanding, with a smile, told reporters that the maintenance of the ancient ancestral hall is so meticulous that it can be called "embroidery work".

Tens of thousands of tiles removed from the roof should be cleaned one by one and then covered with protective mortar. The mud used for laying roof tiles is the grass root ash prepared by the ancient method, which is mixed with mashed straw and lime in proportion. Three big pillars were replaced after maintenance. They were carefully selected and purchased from Guangzhou. They are hard mahogany with strong corrosion resistance. Each one costs thousands of yuan. All the replaced wood should be disinfected, antiseptic and mothproof.

Three major restorations

Steal a beam and change a pillar

The restoration of Guangyu Temple focuses on wood, brick and paving.

Among them, the column and beam are the most important parts, and the two top beams and columns are replaced in the second light.

Because the original column was made of high-quality borrogge wood, the engineers spent a lot of effort in repairing it and found the same quality wood with the same width and length as the original column. The price of these two sections of wood was sky high. The unit price was as high as 6000 yuan per cubic meter, and 15000 yuan was spent on the raw material of a column.

For other columns that do not need to be replaced, according to the splitting situation, epoxy resin blocking, sawdust, bamboo (old wood) inlay and other methods are used respectively. In order to prevent corrosion and reveal the natural color of wood, a layer of tung oil (cooked tung oil) is applied on the surface of wood members during maintenance.

The girder and stringer are treated by "stealing the girder": some stringers overlapped between the gable wall and the wooden column, and the outer part of them are seriously decayed, and the inner end is caused by the dislocation of the roof truss or the inclination of the wall. When repairing, carefully move the stringer, cut off the rotten part at the inner end of the stringer, and make the tenon again. At the same time, the rotten part extending out of the wall is also cut off, so that the length can just be overlapped at the end of the mountain and column. Then the trapezoidal splicing method is used to add a new section to the overhanging part. The joint is just in the middle of the gable. Then the stainless steel wire is used to wrap the hoop, and finally the tenon is closed carefully.

Grafting

For the main beam, the engineering personnel also used the "grafting" method: the main beam partially connecting the two roof trusses in the middle, due to roof collapse, rain leakage and serious decay, in order to retain the original as much as possible, so the "grafting" method was adopted.

The combined length is about 1 / 3 of the whole beam, and each side of the original beam after slotting is at least 6cm, so as to ensure the stress of bolts or iron hoops.

Generally speaking, rafters do not have important or special information and do not affect the overall style of the house. Repair is mainly to repair the roof and replace the damaged rafters. When replacing, priority should be given to the original materials, if not enough, new materials should be used, and marks should be made on the back, including materials and dates, so as to meet the requirements of "modern marks must be provided" in Article 9 of the Venice Charter.

Cooking and frying

In the process of repair, a large number of wood and bamboo pieces for patching should be used, so how can these materials "live longer" without affecting the authenticity and external form of repair? Construction personnel will "cooking" applied to the project, is cooking and frying. Wood and bamboo for patching must be treated before patching. Salt water shall be used to "steam" impurities and some grease, which shall be used after drying. In this way, it can protect its flexibility similar to that of old materials. After frying, the bamboo sticks and nails used to reinforce the bucket arches can be sterilized (destroy biochemical enzymes) and their rigidity can be improved by the high temperature of fire oil (peanut oil).

Awards

United Nations Cultural Heritage Protection Award

On December 1, 2003, the restored Guangyu temple in Qiangang village, Taiping Town, Conghua City, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, won the first "outstanding project award" of this year's UNESCO Asia Pacific Cultural Heritage Protection Award. This is the first time that China has won the top prize. According to China culture daily, it is understood that the UNESCO Asia Pacific Cultural Heritage Protection Award mainly rewards the contributions of private, private institutions or public-private partnership organizations in protecting local heritage and highlighting its cultural value, aiming to encourage the role of non-governmental forces in the protection of cultural relics. The award was established in 2000 and held irregularly every year. Previously, China only won excellent project award or honorary award. Guangyu ancestral hall, located in Qiangang village, Conghua City, is a key cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province. It was first built in 1406 and has been maintained since Xuande of Ming Dynasty. Guangyu ancestral hall has three entrances, with a total construction area of 816 square meters and an area of about 992 square meters. Sitting north to south, the main block is made of wood frame, with Gables on both sides bearing load, plain tile roof and suspended Hill roof, which is an example of the ancestral hall in the Pearl River Delta region with obvious northern style.

According to Liu Xiaoming, director of the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of culture, Guangyu ancestral temple has historical, architectural and aesthetic values. It is an important ancient architectural relic that studies the history of the northerners' moving to the South and the architectural styles of the north and the south. According to the award-winning announcement of the United Nations, the restoration of Guangyu temple is an outstanding example of sincere cooperation among villagers, government agencies and technical consultants in protecting local heritage.

Related reports

Huasheng news on September 11, 2003: Guangyu ancestral hall project in Qiangang village, Taiping Town, Conghua, Guangzhou recently won the first prize of UNESCO Asia Pacific cultural heritage protection outstanding project award in 2003 UNESCO Asia Pacific cultural heritage protection competition.

Guangyu ancestral temple is a key cultural relic protection site in Guangdong Province, Guangdong news network reported

Chinese PinYin : Guang Yu Ci