Napahai

Napahai Nature Reserve

synonym

Napahai generally refers to Napahai nature reserve

Napahai nature reserve is located in Shangri La County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It was established in 1984 with a total area of 31.25 square kilometers, an altitude of 3266 meters and a lake ponding area of 660 square kilometers.

It belongs to the wetland ecological type protection area. The main protected objects are seasonal lakes and swamp meadows on the plateau. It is the wintering habitat of black necked Crane and other migratory birds. It is the largest grassland in Zhongdian county and one of the scenic spots with plateau characteristics. Due to the care of Tibetans, when autumn comes, many birds come here, such as black necked cranes, yellow ducks and geese flying high and low over the grassland.

In September 2017, Diqing Napahai scenic spot was disqualified from 3A scenic spot qualification.

geographical environment

geographical position

Napahai nature reserve is located at 27 ° 49 ′～ 27 ° 55 ′ N and 99 ° 37 ′～ 99 ° 40 ′ e, in Shangri La County of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, in the northwest of Shangri La County, 8 km away from the county.

Topography

Napahai Nature Reserve belongs to the sub hot mountain swamp and swampy meadow, surrounded by mountains on three sides, with the peak at an altitude of 3800-4449 meters.

climate

Napahai Wetland belongs to the Western monsoon climate of cold temperate plateau monsoon climate zone. Affected by the North-South mountains and atmospheric circulation, southerly and southwesterly winds prevail throughout the year. The dry and wet seasons are distinct. The obvious dry season is from November to May of the next year, and the obvious wet season is from May to November. Although Napahai is located in the middle subtropical horizontal climate zone, it has obvious plateau climate characteristics because it is located in the southeast extension of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The solar radiation is strong, the average annual sunshine hours is 2180 hours, the annual temperature range is small, the daily temperature range is large, the winter is long without summer, the spring and autumn is short, the average annual temperature is 5.4 ℃, the average temperature in July of the hottest month is 13.2 ℃, the average temperature in January of the coldest month is - 3.7 ℃, and the active accumulated temperature is 10 ℃ 8 ℃, the average annual temperature range is 16 ℃, the average daily temperature range is 20 ℃, and the average daily temperature range is 30 ℃ in dry season. Napahai is located in the transition zone between the rainy area and the less rainy area, with an average annual precipitation of 620 mm, annual frost period of 125 days, and snow from September to May of the next year.

hydrology

Napahai is a seasonal lake on the plateau. At the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, the frequent rainfall and the inflow of qinglongtan, Naqu River and Wangqu river form a large area of lake surface, with the maximum surface area reaching thousands of hectares. Jinsha River.

Napahai is a seasonal natural lake. It is composed of a series of freshwater ponds and swamps and supplied by 8 small rivers in the surrounding mountains. The lake water flows into the underground river from the karst cave in the northwest corner, and then flows through the karst cave to the tomdui in Nixi Township, where it is discharged into the Jinsha River. The sea water supply in Napa mainly depends on rainfall, surface runoff, ice and snow melt water and spring water upwelling along the fault zone on both sides of the lake, with an average annual water yield of 25700m3. Affected by the southwest monsoon, a large amount of precipitation was formed in early June. More than ten streams, such as Naqu River and Naizi River, from the snow mountain forest, converged in the lake. The lake surface water covered thousands of hectares, and the water depth could reach 4-5m. However, due to the leakage of limestone, the lake water receded after August, and rainfall again occurred around October due to the retreat of autumn monsoon, and the lake water rose again, making the lake surface increase to 3125hm2, and the lake surface increased to 3125hm2 in November The lake water flows into the underground river from nine sinkholes in the northwest corner, passes through the small anticline in the north, and then comes out to form a tributary after 10km of undercurrent and flows into Jinsha River. The catchment flow becomes smaller, and the lake surface shrinks to about 500hm2.

soil

The main soil types are swamp soil and peat soil, with pH 8.02. The average contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are 85.30g/kg, 2.71g/kg, 324.76mg/kg, 3.7-5.7mg/kg and 124.81mg/kg, respectively.

natural resources

Grassland

Napahai is the largest grassland in the county. Due to the humid climate in the nature reserve, the grass grows faster than that in similar areas. In May every year, the grassland shoots, and the Napa grassland is full of green grass. At the beginning of June, all kinds of wild flowers are blooming. In the vast grassland, Qionghua and yaocao are competing. Flocks of cattle and sheep rise and fall with the sea of grass, such as floating in the sea. The vast wilderness is surrounded by the beautiful grassland scenery of "cattle and sheep in the grass". In the west, shika, shika and xinyala are standing up. Snow mountain, grassland, cattle and sheep make up the scenery of north of the great southwest.

animal

When autumn and winter come, the grassland is golden, the distant mountains are like Dai, and the snow capped peaks are reflected in the lakes. In this season, black necked cranes, yellow ducks, and spotted geese gather here to play and roam in the grass and on the water, making the vast and ethereal grassland poetic and picturesque.

Black necked Crane is one of the rare cranes in the world, only distributed in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. Because of the abundant grass in Napa sea, it can provide the black necked Crane with food, such as Corbicula, small fish, plant roots, aquatic plants and tadpoles, and few human traces destroy the environment. The climate is suitable for the black necked Crane, so it has become an ideal habitat. There are about 1000 black necked cranes in the world. The American crane foundation has raised 14 of the 15 existing crane species in the world, and only black necked cranes are missing. On January 24, 1989, Jim Harles, an expert from the crane foundation of the United States, led a delegation to make field investigation and statistics on black necked cranes in Napahai. At that time, the statistics showed that 76 black necked cranes wintered in Napahai. Ten years later, the number of black necked cranes listed as endangered by the United Nations has increased to 150 in the Napa sea.

Napahai nature reserve is famous for the black necked Crane. In addition to the black necked Crane, there are also grey geese, spotted geese, grey crane and a large number of waterfowls under provincial protection, which can be called a paradise for birds. There are also beautiful natural landscapes here. Shuncheng West Road 8 kilometers ahead, in the embrace of plateau spring, a vast grassland in the field of vision.

Traffic information

Self driving

1. Start southeast from the starting point, drive 150 meters, turn left and enter Shenying road.

2. Drive 660 meters along Shenying road and turn left ahead.

3. Drive 900 meters, turn left ahead and enter g214.

4. Drive 10.2km along g214 and turn left ahead.

5. Drive 1.4km to the destination (on the right side of the road) to Yila grassland style park.

Public transportation

1. Take a taxi 6.5km from the airport.

2. Dukezong ancient city parking lot is 9.8km long, and the special line from the parking lot to napahaila grassland is from 9:00 to 18:00, 10 yuan per person per hour.

3. Drive 200 meters along Changzheng Avenue, pass Dazhong commercial bank on the right, and turn right into Jinsha Road.

4. Drive 1.1km along Jinsha Road and turn left ahead to wangchi road.

5. Drive 1.3km along wangchi road to the destination.

Protected objects

Napahai Nature Reserve was established in 1984 and listed in the list of international important wetlands in 2004. It is a wetland ecological type reserve. Its main protected objects are seasonal lakes and swamp meadows on the plateau. It is the wintering habitat of black necked Crane and other migratory birds.

In the winter of 1984-1985, there were 63 black necked cranes, and in the winter of 1985-1986, there were 58 black necked cranes.

Other wintering birds are: Red mallard, spotted goose, mallard, black stork, grey headed crane, egret, egret, Golden Eagle, vulture and so on.

protective measures

Wetland is protected in the Provincial Nature Reserve (Napahai nature reserve, 12067 hectares) established in 1984. Under the management of Yunnan Provincial Forestry Department, hunting is prohibited and measures to limit pollution have been taken.

There are some research facilities in the reserve. In 1988, Yunnan forestry department and Kunming Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted some investigations on waterfowls, especially cranes.

In 2012, Napahai Nature Reserve began to implement the "fishing ban" to ensure the food supply of migratory birds.

Main attractions

Napahai

Napahai is a seasonal lake on the plateau. At the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, the rain drops frequently and the lake surface increases. From the end of autumn to the next summer and autumn, the lake water falls. In October, with the autumn wind rising, flocks of black necked cranes, spotted geese, white cranes, yellow ducks and Sheldrakes arrived as scheduled to forage and play in the marshes by the lake.

Yila grassland

In winter and spring, when the surface of Napahai Lake shrinks, it becomes a large swamp meadow - Yila grassland, which is the largest spring pasture in Yunnan.

Gunyin Temple

On the east mountain of Napahai is the site of gunyin temple in Zhongdian. The temple was built in the late Yuan Dynasty and destroyed in the early Qing Dynasty. When you visit the ancient temple, you can have a panoramic view of Napahai grassland.

Ruins

On the Northwest Mountain of Napahai is the site of Zhongdian ancient temple - Zhongqin temple. The temple was built in the late Ming Dynasty and destroyed by sectarian disputes in the early Qing Dynasty. According to historical records, the

Chinese PinYin : Na Pa Hai