Middle East Railway complex

The Middle East Railway complex is located in Hengdaohezi Town, Hailin City, Heilongjiang Province. There are more than 200 well preserved Russian style buildings. There are mainly the only wooden church in yojinsk, the Middle East Railway garage, Dabai building, expert building, Russian style wooden house and railway security office. The Middle East Railway is a railway built by Tsarist Russia in order to plunder and invade China and control the Far East. The Middle East Railway is the abbreviation of "China Dongqing Railway", so it is also called "Dongqing Railway" and "Dongsheng Railway". From 1896 to 1903, it was built by Emperor Russia, with Harbin as the center, Manzhouli in the west, Suifenhe in the East and Dalian in the south. After the Russo Japanese War, the southern section (from Changchun to Dalian) was occupied by Japan, which was called Nanman railway. After the Republic of China, it was renamed "East Provincial Railway of China" or "Middle East Railway" for short.

Middle East Railway complex

The construction of the Middle East Railway started in August 1897 and was completed in February 1903. The main line of the railway starts from Manzhouli in the west, passes through Harbin, and ends at Suifenhe in the East. The branch line starts from Harbin and ends at Lushunkou through Changchun and Shenyang, with a total length of nearly 2500 km. Along with the railway construction, a large number of public and civil buildings such as stations and bridges have been built, which are distributed in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, most of which are in Heilongjiang Province.

There are many historical buildings along the Middle East Railway. Most of these buildings are designed by Russians and constructed with Chinese labor and materials. They are protected as an important linear cultural heritage in the 20th century. On May 25, 2006, seven buildings in six places on the former site of Hailin station of Middle East Railway were announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In 2013, the Middle East Railway buildings distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia autonomous regions were merged into the national key cultural relics protection units.

historical background

The Middle East Railway is a railway built by Tsarist Russia in order to plunder and invade China and control the Far East. The Middle East Railway is the abbreviation of "China Dongqing Railway", so it is also called "Dongqing Railway" and "Dongsheng Railway". From 1896 to 1903, it was built by Emperor Russia, with Harbin as the center, Manzhouli in the west, Suifenhe in the East and Dalian in the south. After the Russo Japanese War, the southern section (from Changchun to Dalian) was occupied by Japan, which was called Nanman railway. After the Republic of China, it was renamed "East Provincial Railway of China" or "Middle East Railway" for short.

There are 865 buildings (1181 buildings) in Heilongjiang Province during the Middle East Railway period. It is mainly distributed in Nianzishan district (including 18), Angangxi district (including 125), Longsha district (including 20), Fulaerji district (including 53), Longjiang County (including 24), duerbert Mongolian Autonomous County (including 26) and Ranghulu District (including 12), Anda City (including 71), Zhaodong City (including 32), Hulan District (including 6) of Harbin city Songbei District (including 8), Nangang District (including 91), Daoli District (including 24), Daowai District (including 25), Xiangfang District (including 5), Acheng District (including 16), Shuangcheng City (including 9), Shangzhi City (including 59), Hailin City (including 126), Mudanjiang City (including 43), Muling City (including 85), Dongning county (including 16), Suifenhe City (including 45) and Jixi City Lishu district (including 3) and other cities and counties (districts).

Hengdaohezi building complex, Hailin City, Mudanjiang City

Distribution details

The Middle East Railway complex is located in Hengdaohezi Town, Hailin City, Heilongjiang Province. There are more than 200 well preserved Russian style buildings. It mainly includes seven buildings in six places, including the Church of the Virgin Mary of Orthodox Church, Hengdaohezi railway garage, railway Dabai building, railway security station, Russian style wooden house and the former site of Hailin station of Middle East Railway

Orthodox Church of the Virgin Mary

Lamatai, commonly known as "lamatai", is located on a high terrace in the east of hengdaohe Town, Hailin City. It is adjacent to national highway 301 in the East and railway staff residence in the west, covering a total area of 3490 square meters. In 1902, due to the construction of the Middle East Railway, the number of Russians living here increased year by year, so an all wooden "Notre Dame church" was built on a high platform at the foot of the east mountain of hengdaohe town. The main area of the building is 614 square meters. There is a hall in the northeast and Southeast, and a confessional room in the northwest and southwest. At that time, there were Choir and chanting class in the church, and there were many color paintings and portraits on the walls. There was a bell tower on the south side of the church. At that time, there were one big bell, two medium bells and 32 small bells. Some of these bells were pulled by hand, some by foot, and the sound of the bell rang far away. At that time, the Russian people built this church for two purposes: the first was for church use, the second was for school use, and there were Chinese and Russian children studying here. On November 1, 1902, a priest named inokanji came from Beijing. Bereyelavsky, baptized in church. After the Russians left in 1955, church activities stopped, and the government took over and arranged for Li Jun to stay temporarily. Later, the government successively set up sanatorium, military garrison, combat readiness hospital, winery and so on.

The church is a typical Russian building. Due to the influence of European architectural culture, both appearance creation and interior design have a unique style and artistic level. It is the only remaining orthodox church with all wood structure in our province. It is also the historical evidence of the introduction of foreign religious activities into the region. It has high historical value for the study of the history of the Middle East Railway.

Railway garage

The garage was built in 1903. The plane of the whole building is fan-shaped. The turntable 30 meters away from the garage leads to the fan-shaped garage separately. There are 15 garage doors in total. Each garage door is a unit, and each garage door is arched. The shape is beautiful, with brick walls and iron tiles. The architectural style is unique. Hengdaohezi garage is the central station of the Middle East Railway, which starts from Suifenhe in the East and ends at Manzhouli in the West. It is the only way to Harbin and the starting point to climb gaolingzi in the West. Its geographical location is very important, which reflects the importance of the garage and the main storage place for the railway train. It was used until the 1990s. Because the steam engine was eliminated by the internal combustion engine, it was stopped in 1990. It was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in 1993.

Railway security station

Also known as the Manchukuo Hengdaohezi police station, it was built in 1904. It is located at the foot of dongshanjiao, Hengdaohezi Town, Hailin City, 20 meters east of national highway 301

Its coordinates are 129 ° 04 ′ E and 44 ° 61 ′ n, with an altitude of 500 meters and an area of 344 square meters. The residence is a typical Russian building with double slope roof, stone corner and two-story building. After the Middle East Railway was opened to traffic, the Russians set up special institutions to strengthen public security along the railway and in the local area. The station is built on a high platform in the town, which is a lookout point to control and observe the people entering the mountain. In 1921, the Russians set up the third district of the East provincial special region along the Acheng Suifen river. The Hengdaohezi police station was in charge of the public security tasks along the railway and the town, and was under the leadership of the East provincial special police administration. During the Japanese puppet period, in order to strengthen the colonial rule, the Japanese aggressors changed the original police station of Hengdaohezi into the dictatorship of Hengdaohezi police force, and set up new buildings around it, such as wolf dog pen, water prison, horse shed and so on. Bloody suppression of the Chinese people, strengthen the rule of fascism. After the restoration in August 1945, it returned to the people's hands and became a residence for railway workers. Later, it was used as a school for railway children and a wood factory.

Railway dabailou

It is a two-story small western style building with yellow and white facades and white as the main color. It has two arc-shaped parapets, four balconies and four tiger windows. Although the overall shape is simple, it looks noble and elegant. The Dabai building used to be the residence of Russian engineers and experts who built the Middle East Railway. It was also the most advanced residential building when the Middle East Railway was built in Hengdaohezi town.

Middle East Railway cabin

The Middle East Railway Russian style wooden house is located in the north of Hengdaohezi Town, Hailin City, under the subgrade on the west side of national highway 301. It is a row of five Russian style wooden houses. The front, back, left and right sides of the wooden house are railway houses with geographic coordinates of 129 ° 05 ′ e, 44 ° 34 ′ N and altitude of 432m. At first, the wooden house was used by the railway construction command center of the eastern section of the Middle East Railway. The office workers were engineers and technicians. After the Russians moved away, it was once used by the Hengdaohezi Railway Administration, and later it was changed into the housing of railway workers. In 1897, the tsarist Russia forced the Qing government to obtain the right to build the Middle East Railway in the northeast. By 1903, the railway was officially opened to traffic. During this period, these wooden houses became the residences of the workers engaged in the early construction of Hengdaohezi railway. The wooden house is a Russian style house made of local high-quality wood. Its appearance gives people a sense of beauty, warm in winter and cool in summer. From the structure, the mortise and tenon are very tight, and the carving process is rare. In 1897, the tsarist Russia forced the Qing government to obtain the right to build the Middle East Railway in the northeast. By 1903, the railway was officially opened to traffic. During this period, these wooden houses became the residences of the workers engaged in the early construction of Hengdaohezi railway. The wooden house is a Russian style house made of local high-quality wood. Its appearance gives people a sense of beauty, warm in winter and cool in summer. From the structure, the mortise and tenon are very tight, and the carving process is rare.

Former site of Hailin station

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Dong Tie Lu Jian Zhu Qun