Gaobei Tulou group

There are many earth buildings in the scenic area, one after another. The best one is Chengqi building, which is known as the "king of Fujian Tulou". It is the largest one with the largest number of rings in Fujian Tulou. It retains the original style of four circles. After hundreds of years, it is still in good condition and still lives with people. Wuyun building is the oldest one in Fujian Tulou complex, which is square. Shize building was built by some residents in Chengqi building in those years because of housing shortage. It is also a square building. It complements Chengqi building in a circle.

But today's Tulou commercial flavor gradually heavy, no longer the original feeling, some have become shops, but it is still worth seeing.

Gaobei Tulou group

Gaobei Tulou group is located in Gaobei village, Gaotou Township, Yongding District, Longyan City, Fujian Province, 47 kilometers away from the county seat,

It was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty.

Gaobei Tulou group is composed of Chengqi building, Wuyun building, Shize building and Qiaofu building. It is the residence of Jiang family. Among them, Chengqi building, which is composed of four concentric rings, is located in the core of the Tulou group, with square Tulou Shize building and Wuyun building in the East and round Tulou Qiaofu building in the West.

Wuyun building of Gaobei Tulou group was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. It is the oldest existing building of Jiang family in Gaotou township. It has rich cultural connotation and archaeological value.

On November 16, 2009, Gaobei Tulou group was identified as the seventh batch of provincial cultural relics protection units in Fujian Province.

Historical evolution

In the middle of the 14th century (the end of the Yuan Dynasty), Jiang baibalang, the founder of Kaiji, moved from Shanghang county to Kaiji.

According to historical records, Jiang Bailang, the ancestor of the Jiang family, moved from Shanghang County in Longyan to Gaobei in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the "Wuyun building" began to be built. Later, more and more people were inside the building, so people began to build Chengqi building in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty.

Chengqi building, located in Gaobei village, Gaotou Township, has four floors of the Fourth Ring Road and the outer ring road. The whole building is arranged according to the eight trigrams of the book of changes. Japanese architecture experts call it "the city of families.".

It was built by Jiang Jiji (1635-1719), the 15th ancestor of gaotoujiang family. It took 81 years and was completed in 1709.

During the construction of Chengqi building, when building and ramming the wall, the weather was ideal. Thank God for your help,

Local people also call it "tianzhulou".

In the 1950s, the construction of "Shize building" began.

In the 1960s, the construction of "qiaofulou" and other earth buildings began.

Architectural features

layout

Gaobei Tulou group is backed by Jinshan, which is more than 800 meters above sea level,

 

There is a scene of verdant trees on Jinshan, and the road passing through is 30 meters away from the front. In front of Tulou, Gaotou river flows through and joins Jinfeng River, one of the three major rivers in Yongding County.

In Gaobei Tulou group, the most classic building is Chengqi building. It is located in the core of Gaobei Tulou group. It is a round building. To the east of Chengqi building are Shize building and Wuyun building, and to the west is Qiaofu building. These buildings are well preserved. There are bluestone footpaths around these earth buildings, and the buildings are connected by bluestone footpaths. Each earth building has a bluestone footpath leading to the main road behind the building. The main road extends all the way to the back hillside, overlooking from a high place.

 

Chaintech floor

Chengqi building is the core of Gaobei Tulou group, and it is also the round building with the largest number of circles, also known as "Tianzhu building". It was built by Jiangji, the 15th generation of gaotoujiang surname at that time.

 

Chengqi building is located in the north and south, which is composed of four concentric circular buildings with ring like rings. The Fourth Ring building is high outside and low inside, with ring like rings. It is a typical inner corridor type round building with an outer diameter of 62.9 meters, an outer wall perimeter of 1915 meters, and a corridor perimeter of 229.34 meters. The whole building covers an area of 5376.17 square meters.

 

In the center of the building is a single story round house composed of a hall, an ambulatory and a semicircular patio. The hall with carved beams and plastic buildings is the ancestral hall and the conference hall of the whole building. The second ring is on the first floor, with 20 bays and 3 aisles. There are 34 rooms on the ground floor, 2 wells and 7 passageways. There is a small patio between the house and the Second Ring Road, and a small room for storing sundries is built behind the house. The second and third ring was originally used as a place for reception, reading and leisure. Since then, with the increase of population, most of them have been turned into kitchens, dining rooms or houses. The outer ring main building has 4 floors, 67 rooms, 4 stairs, 1 gate and 2 side doors. The thickness of the bottom wall of the outer ring is 1.7 meters, and the thickness of the top wall is still 1.1 meters. Four staircases in the outer ring are distributed in the southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest, connecting the corridors on each floor. On the left and right sides of the outer ring gate hall, on the south side of the doors on both sides, and at the rear end of the central axis connecting with the external wall, each rammer wall to the fourth floor is used as the partition wall. The outer ring is divided into eight trigrams by the door, the ladder and the back wall. Each trigram has eight rooms, 64 rooms in total (including four staircases, but excluding three doors). The layout of the whole building echoes with Taiji, Liangyi, Sanyuan, Sixiang, Bagua and 64gua in the book of changes.

In its heyday, chengqilou once lived in more than 80 households and more than 600 people, all of whom were of the same surname as Jiang. The building is filled with a strong flavor of rural life, which is called "the city of families" by Ichiro MaoMu, an art professor at Tokyo University of Arts. Chengqilou, an equal way of living, is an example of Hakkas living together

Born in one book, there are few relatives. Why should I share with you

Living in the same building and meeting each other in and out of the building, it is most appropriate to respect human relations

 

Shize building

Shize building is a rectangular earth building, which is located in the east of Chengqi building in the northwest of Gaobei village, next to Chengqi building. The distance between the two buildings is about 10 meters. Shize building was built in 1565, destroyed in 1929, and rebuilt in 1931.

Shize building is a rectangular earthen building. It faces south and covers an area of 5100 square meters. It is 40.8 meters wide and has 11 rooms, 38 rooms on each floor. The main wall of the building is 1.6 meters thick, and there are no windows on the first and second floors; the first and fourth floors are of inner corridor type, and there are two rooms on each side of the second and third floors extending to the outside of the corridor, which cannot be connected. There is no hall on the second floor or above. The inside of the building is supported by a green wall every other room, and every two rooms are separated by adobe bricks.

 

The middle hall of Shize tower has been abandoned, with single storey wing rooms of stone wood or civil structure on both sides. Its back hall is the ancestral hall, with a plaque hanging above, which reads "the light of the nation". There are four stairs, one gate and a well on each side of the courtyard.

 

Wuyun building

Wuyun building is an earth building without stone wall foundation,

 

It is referred to as "no falling building". It is about 100 meters away from Chengqi building. It is a building without stone wall foundation.

Wuyun building, built in the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, has a history of nearly 600 years. It is the oldest existing building of Jiang family in Gaotou Township, with rich connotation. The front of the building has tilted 1.5 meters, but it is still stable after more than 100 years.

Wuyun building not only has no stone wall foundation, but also inclines inward. As early as a few hundred years ago, there was an earthquake, so the wall in front of the building moved 1.5 meters inward, but the building is still firm and upright. Due to the age of the building, it has been in disrepair, coupled with the earthquake and other factors, only the support is left.

 

Qiaofu building

Qiaofu building is a new type of earth building with Chinese and Western characteristics. It is located on the west side of Chengqi building. It was built in 1962 by the three brothers of Jiang family who once lived in Myanmar and the United States. Because there were 11 doctors in this building, it is called "doctor building". Most of the original residents moved overseas.

 

Qiaofu building is a typical circular building with single ring and inner corridor. It covers an area of 2300 square meters and is three stories high. There are 30 rooms in it. Its biggest feature is full of foreign flavor.

 

In the building, there are ancestral halls protruding to the inner courtyard, four stone pillars and granite floors, which are unique and elegant with the architectural style of ancient Greece. Zutang, a combination of Chinese and Western culture, is a new type of Tulou representative in Xinbei village.

 

History and culture

My aunt boasted

There is also a story about Chengqi building. It is said that at a wedding banquet, two young women at the same table were boasting about the size of the earth building they lived in. One said, "four stories high, four circles round, 400 rooms up and down. Do you think my building is big? "The other said," the building I live in is like a city. There are seven or eight hundred people in it. I've been married here for three years and I can't recognize the whole building. After all, is your building big or mine? "When they knew the names of their respective buildings, all the people on the scene laughed. It turned out that they both lived in Chengqi building. In terms of seniority, they were still aunts and sisters! It's just that one living east and one living West still don't know each other.

 

Cultural relics

Gaobei Tulou group consists of Chengqi building, Wuyun building, Shize building and Qiaofu building, which were built from the end of Ming Dynasty to modern times

Chinese PinYin : Gao Bei Tu Lou Qun