The temple of the Golden Pavilion

In addition to the five temple buildings on the top of the platform, Jinge temple is located on the highest terrain. It is the earliest Buddhist Center in China founded by Bukong Sanzang. According to legend, Jinge temple was built according to the shape of Jinge temple. In fact, the architectural style of the temple is based on the Nalanda temple, the most famous temple in India at that time.

The bronze statue of Avalokitesvara with a thousand hands (actually 48 arms) is in the front courtyard of Jinge temple. It is the largest Buddha statue in Wutai Mountain, second only to Shigatse in Tibet and Zhengding in Hebei Province in China. It was cast in Ming Dynasty. The front courtyard, East and west sides and backyard of Jinge Temple offer 1000 statues, which is also the temple with the most Buddhist statues in Wutai Mountain.

Rokuonji

synonym

Jinge Temple (another name for hayuan temple in Kyoto, Japan) generally refers to hayuan Temple (temple in Kyoto, Japan)

Luyuan Temple (ろくおんじ) is a temple of the Xiangguo Temple School of linjizong, which is located in the northern part of Kyoto, Japan. Among them, inside and outside are covered with gold foil three-story Pavilion building (Relic Hall) is also known as the Golden Pavilion, including the temple as a whole is also known as the Golden Pavilion Temple (きんかくじ). The temple is the pagoda temple outside the mountain of Xiangguo Temple.

The name of Luyuan Temple originates from the founder of the temple, namely, the hall of Luyuan temple, which is the name of zuliyiman, the third generation General of murachi shogunate. The mountain name is Beishan (ほくざん). The temple pattern is wuqitong. After Yiman died, the temple changed his original Beishan villa into one. The hall of relic was originally the representative building of Beishan culture in the early period of murting era, but it was completely burnt down in the fire incident of Jinge temple in 1950 and rebuilt in 1955.

In December 1994, Luyuan temple was designated as an important historical building in the world cultural heritage by UNESCO as part of the "cultural wealth of the ancient capital Kyoto".

Historical evolution

In the first year of Yuanren (1224) in Kamakura period, Fujiwara Gong Jing (Gong Jing of Xiyuan Temple) established Xiyuan temple at the original site of Luyuan temple and operated it as a villa (beishandi)

. These properties were owned by Gongjing's descendants, namely the Xiyuan Temple family, who were the Guandong Shenci (liaison officer) between the imperial court and the Kamakura shogunate for generations. However, after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, the master of Xiyuan Temple entertained him to Xiyuan temple in order to assassinate emperor houminmin and attempted to rebel against him, but the plan was revealed. After his arrest, gongzong was executed, and pang of Xiyuan Temple family was killed The big territory and property were confiscated, and Xiyuan temple was abandoned.

In 1397, shogunate shogunate shogunate Zuli Yiman used his territory in Hanoi to exchange with Xiyuan Temple family to obtain this villa, which was called "beishandi" at that time, and renovated and built it. Beishan villa in Yiman was called "Beishan hall" or "Beishan Di" at that time. Although it is a mansion, its scale can be compared with that of the Imperial Palace, and it has all the components of the political center.

In 1394, Yiman gave up the position of general to his son Yizhi, but he still controlled the government affairs of beishandi. In 1408, Yiman died. After driving out his half brother Yisi, who lived in beishandi, Yichi himself lived here. But the next year, he gave up part of beishandi and moved to santiaofangdi.

Later, it became the residence of Yasuko Hino, the wife of Yiman. In November 1419, the beishanyuan passed away. Apart from the hall of relic, all the bedrooms were disintegrated and donated to Nanchan temple and Jianren temple

. In 1403, the seven pagodas (109 meters high, the highest Pagoda in Japanese History) of Xiangguo Temple were burned

Yiman rebuilt the Qizhong pagoda (Beishan pagoda). It is the same as the Qichong pagoda of Xiangguo Temple), but this one was destroyed by lightning in 1416. Yiman again ordered Yizhi to rebuild the Qichong Pagoda in Xiangguo Temple

. In 1420, according to Yiman's last words, beishandi was changed into a Zen temple, and named Luyuan temple after Yiman's legal name "luyuandian". Menghuoshi was invited to open the mountain in name, and the mountain name was "Beishan".

The grandson of Yiman, Zuli Yizheng, an eight generation general, occasionally visits Luyuan temple, and records show that he will climb the Golden Pavilion. On October 15, the 17th year of civilization (1485), eight years after the end of Ying Ren's rebellion, Yizheng's conversation with Guiquan Jizheng when he came to pay homage was recorded in yinliangxuan RI Lu. Although Jinge survived the Yingren rebellion, it was still in a state of desolation. Most of the maple trees in the courtyard were cut down, and the amount of water in the pool was reduced. This can be seen from the conversation between Yizheng and Guiquan. From the two people's question and answer, we know that the statue of Guanyin on the second floor was lost in the chaos of Yingren and replaced by a new one. In addition, the statues of Amitabha and twenty-five Bodhisattvas were originally placed on the third floor, but the Buddha itself was lost, leaving only the white clouds behind the Buddha.

During the Yingren rebellion, most of the buildings of the Western army camp were burned down, but the main buildings in Edo period were rebuilt, and the Relic Hall was rebuilt in 1649. After the Meiji Restoration, most of the monasteries were recovered and lost their economic foundation according to the "Zhou Rui" movement. However, in 1894, the twelfth Abbot Guan Zong Chengyi proposed to open the courtyard and the Golden Pavilion to the general public and collect the worship fee as the income of the monasteries, so that they could be preserved.

During the 37-39 years of Meiji period (1904-1906), the temple was disassembled and repaired.

In the early morning of July 2, 1950, the Jinge temple was set on fire by Lin Chengxian (21 years old at that time). The national treasure Golden Pavilion (Relic Hall) was completely burnt down, and 10 wooden statues, such as the statue of zuliyiman, the statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva, and mengchuangshu stone statue, were burnt down. Lin Chengxian planned to commit suicide in Houshan, but he survived. Her mother was called to Kyoto to take a confession and committed suicide in Baojin gorge on her way back. This event has become the theme of Yukio Mishima's Novels "Jinge Temple", "wufanting xiwulou" and "Jinge Yanshang". In addition, the Phoenix on the roof and the reason why it was taken down before the fire survived the burning.

Under the guidance of Murata zhilang and based on the drawings, photos, ancient books and other materials made during the 37-39 years of Meiji, the reconstructed Pavilion took three years to rebuild on March 22, 1952, and the completion ceremony was held on October 10, 1955. Then, ten years after the reconstruction, the gold foil fell off and the black paint was exposed. The black paint was deteriorated by ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, in February of 1996, a one-year and eight month "Showa restoration" was carried out with a total cost of 740 million yen. Repainting, gold foil repainting and ceiling restoration were carried out

.

Architectural features

overview

After the reconstruction, the Golden Pavilion is a three story wooden pavilion building, located in Luyuan temple, on the South Bank of Jinghu pool (きうこち). The roof is pagoda shaped and has a copper Phoenix. Although it is a three storey building, it is "double three storey" in form because there is no roof extension between the first and second floors. The first layer is made of wood instead of gold foil, and the outside of the second and third layers (including the fence) are all covered with gold foil. The interior of the three layers is also covered with gold foil (except the floor). The plane of the first floor and the second floor are of the same shape and size, with 5 columns on the front and 4 columns on the side. The first floor and the second floor use through columns to integrate the structure

. The third floor is one circle smaller, with three columns on each side.

The rebuilt Pavilion is different from that before burning down. Before burning down, only the third layer has gold foil, and the second layer has no gold foil at all. The rebuilt Pavilion is not only the third layer, but also the second layer is covered with gold foil. After the disintegration and repair of the Golden Pavilion in the Meiji era, the corner wood on the second floor (the diagonal wood used for the four corners of the roof) was not used again, but the pattern was added for preservation. In the 25th year of Showa, after the Jinge was burned down, the material with patterns (part of the old two-layer corner wood) was the only part that was not burned down. Because this part was also covered with gold foil, the reconstructed Jinge was also covered with gold foil on the second layer. Mauro Miyazaki, the architect's family, thinks that it is very unnatural that only the corner wood which is most vulnerable to wind and rain has residual gold foil, so there is no gold foil in the second floor. In addition, before the burning of the second floor of the Golden Pavilion, even windows were set in the East and west of the center, and the rebuilt second floor of the Golden Pavilion had walls in the East and West.

Based on the above-mentioned drawings, photos, ancient books and other materials made during the 37-39 years of Meiji, the reconstructed Pavilion took three years to rebuild on March 22, 2007, and the completion ceremony was held on October 10, 2013. About 200000 pieces of gold foil, five times thicker than ordinary gold foil, and about 1.5 tons of jingfasi lacquer made in Japan were used

. The top ceiling uses a "mirror patio" of multiple panels.

Zuli Yizheng, the eight generation General of Muromachi shogunate, imitated the Relic Hall built by his grandfather Yiman, and built the Guanyin Hall (Silver Pavilion Temple) in Dongshan villa

Chinese PinYin : Jin Ge Si